Asfaltovenator: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Extinct genus of theropod dinosaur}} |
{{Short description|Extinct genus of theropod dinosaur}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = |
| fossil_range = Middle [[Toarcian]]<br/>~{{fossilrange|179.17|178.07}}<ref name=Toarc>{{cite journal |last1=Fantasia |first1=A. |last2=Föllmi |first2=K. B. |last3=Adatte |first3=T. |last4=Spangenberg |first4=J. E. |last5=Schoene |first5=B. |last6=Barker |first6=R. T. |last7=Scasso |first7=R. A. |title=Late Toarcian continental palaeoenvironmental conditions: An example from the Canadon Asfalto Formation in southern Argentina |journal=Gondwana Research |date=2021 |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=47–65 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2020.10.001 |bibcode=2021GondR..89...47F |s2cid=225120452 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X20302562 |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> |
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| image = Asfaltovenatorskeletal.png |
| image = Asfaltovenatorskeletal.png |
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| taxon = Asfaltovenator |
| taxon = Asfaltovenator |
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| type_species_authority = Rauhut & Pol, 2019 |
| type_species_authority = Rauhut & Pol, 2019 |
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'''''Asfaltovenator''''' (meaning "Cañadón Asfalto Formation hunter" after the fossil formation in which its fossils were found) is a genus of possibly [[allosauroid]] [[dinosaur]] from the [[Lower Jurassic]] [[Cañadón Asfalto Formation]] from [[Chubut Province]], [[Argentina]]. The [[type species|type]] and only species is '''''Asfaltovenator vialidadi'''''. |
'''''Asfaltovenator''''' (meaning "Cañadón Asfalto Formation hunter" after the fossil formation in which its fossils were found) is a genus of possibly [[allosauroid]] [[dinosaur]] from the [[Lower Jurassic]] (Middle Toarcian) [[Cañadón Asfalto Formation]] from [[Chubut Province]], [[Argentina]]. The [[type species|type]] and only species is '''''Asfaltovenator vialidadi'''''. |
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== Discovery == |
== Discovery == |
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In 2019, the type species ''Asfaltovenator vialidadi'' was named and described by Oliver Walter, Mischa Rauhut and Diego Pol. The generic name combines a reference to the Cañadón Asfalto with a [[Latin]] ''venator'', "hunter". The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours the ''Dirección Nacional de Vialidad'', for assisting the ''Museo Paleontológico "Egidio Feruglio"'' in recovering the fossil.<ref name="Rauhut2019"/> |
In 2019, the type species ''Asfaltovenator vialidadi'' was named and described by Oliver Walter, Mischa Rauhut and Diego Pol. The generic name combines a reference to the Cañadón Asfalto with a [[Latin]] ''venator'', "hunter". The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours the ''Dirección Nacional de Vialidad'', for assisting the ''Museo Paleontológico "Egidio Feruglio"'' in recovering the fossil.<ref name="Rauhut2019"/> |
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''Asfaltovenator'' is only known from the [[holotype]] specimen '''MPEF PV 3440''', which was found in a layer of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation which dates from the late [[Toarcian]] to the [[Bajocian]], being latter fully constrained to 179-178 million years (Middle |
''Asfaltovenator'' is only known from the [[holotype]] specimen '''MPEF PV 3440''', which was found in a layer of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation which dates from the late [[Toarcian]] to the [[Bajocian]], being latter fully constrained to 179-178 million years (Middle Toarcian) thanks to advanced zircon datation, with the location of the specimen being closer to the younger date.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pol |first1=D. |last2=Gomez |first2=K. |last3=Holwerda |first3=F. M. |last4=Rauhut |first4=O. W. |last5=Carballido |first5=J. L. |title=Sauropods from the Early Jurassic of South America and the Radiation of Eusauropoda |journal=South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs |date=2022 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=131–163 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3_4 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3_4 |access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref> It consists of a partial skeleton with skull. It contains the largely complete skull with lower jaws and the front half of the skeleton forward of the hips, including ten neck vertebrae, thirteen back vertebrae and the first sacral vertebra, the complete shoulder girdle minus the furcula and both forelimbs; and also the distal portion of the [[Pubis (bone)|pubic bones]] as well as a partial right hindlimb consisting of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portions of the tibia and fibula, and a partial foot.<ref name="Rauhut2019" /> |
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==Description == |
==Description == |
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''Asfaltovenator'' was a fairly large animal similar in size to ''Allosaurus'', with the holotype skull being {{cvt|75|-|80|cm|ft}} in length and the total body length being estimated at {{cvt|7|-|8|m|ft}}.<ref name="Rauhut2019"/> |
''Asfaltovenator'' was a fairly large animal similar in size to ''Allosaurus'', with the holotype skull being {{cvt|75|-|80|cm|ft}} in length and the total body length being estimated at {{cvt|7|-|8|m|ft}}.<ref name="Rauhut2019"/> |
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The describers indicated a number of distinguishing traits. Some of these are [[autapomorphies]], unique derived characters. The premaxillary teeth have large serrations on the rear edge but only minute serrations on the front edge. The exoccipital bone of the rear skull shows distinctive horizontal ridges between the paraoccipital process and the [[foramen magnum]]. On the third and fourth neck vertebrae, the [[neural spine]]s are triangular and swept backwards. The eleventh and twelfth back vertebrae possess an additional forward ridge on the underside of the diapophysis, the process for the articulation facet of the top rib head.<ref name="Rauhut2019"/> |
The describers indicated a number of distinguishing traits. Some of these are [[autapomorphies]], unique derived characters. The premaxillary teeth have large serrations on the rear edge but only minute serrations on the front edge. The skull shows features shared with megalosauroids, like an enlarged foramen above the second premaxillary tooth (also found in the Neotheropods ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'', ''[[Dracovenator]]'', and in the Coelurosaur ''[[Proceratosaurus]]''), unfused paradental plates (also observed in various theropods), and the lack of a medial palatal shelf extending posteriorly from the anteromedial process (seen in ceratosaurs and some early-diverging theropods). Beyond that, the skull displays several characteristics commonly found in allosauroids, such as an anteroventral narial fossa in the premaxilla (also present in the Megalosauroids ''[[Dubreuillosaurus]]'', ''[[Marshosaurus]]'', and ''[[Eustreptospondylus]]''), a moderate ventral extension of the antorbital fossa in the maxilla (also seen in [[Piatnitzkysauridae]]), a dorsoventral groove on the anterior surface of the lacrimal's ventral process (absent in ''[[Allosaurus]]'' but present in the Megalosauroids ''[[Wiehenvenator]]'', ''[[Monolophosaurus]]'', and ''[[Dubreuillosaurus]]''), a low supraantorbital crest in the lacrimal (also in ''[[Afrovenator]]''), and a posteroventral process in the quadratojugal (also observed in some tyrannosaurids and abelisaurids).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Cuesta |first=E. |last2=Pol |first2=D. |last3=Rauhut |first3=O.W.M. |date=2024 |title=‘Going around in the head’ of Asfaltovenator: new data on the skull of the type specimen of the Patagonian allosauroid (Early Jurassic) |url=https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/events/conferences/EAVP2024/eavp-abstracts-2024-volume-complete-final.pdf |journal=EAVP2024 Abstract book and programme. |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=10-11}}</ref> The exoccipital bone of the rear skull shows distinctive horizontal ridges between the paraoccipital process and the [[foramen magnum]]. On the third and fourth neck vertebrae, the [[neural spine]]s are triangular and swept backwards. The eleventh and twelfth back vertebrae possess an additional forward ridge on the underside of the diapophysis, the process for the articulation facet of the top rib head.<ref name="Rauhut2019"/> |
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== Classification == |
== Classification == |
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|2=[[Carcharodontosauridae]][[File:Carcharodontosaurus.png|120px]]}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
|2=[[Carcharodontosauridae]][[File:Carcharodontosaurus.png|120px]]}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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In 2024, the describers of ''[[Alpkarakush]]'' included ''Asfaltovenator'' within [[Allosauridae]] based on their phylogenetic analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rauhut |first1=Oliver W M |last2=Bakirov |first2=Aizek A |last3=Wings |first3=Oliver |last4=Fernandes |first4=Alexandra E |last5=Hübner |first5=Tom R |date=2024-08-01 |title=A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan |journal=[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |language=en |volume=201 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae090 |issn=0024-4082}}</ref> |
In 2024, the describers of ''[[Alpkarakush]]'' included ''Asfaltovenator'' within [[Allosauridae]] based on their phylogenetic analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rauhut |first1=Oliver W M |last2=Bakirov |first2=Aizek A |last3=Wings |first3=Oliver |last4=Fernandes |first4=Alexandra E |last5=Hübner |first5=Tom R |date=2024-08-01 |title=A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan |journal=[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |language=en |volume=201 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae090 |issn=0024-4082}}</ref> The ongoing osteology notified also this position, finding it along ''[[Allosaurus]]'' in some trees or as an early branching Allosauroid of some kind, were a monophyletic Carnosauria is not recovered anymore and the other Cañadón Asfalto Tetanurans aren´t closely related.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 14:27, 26 August 2024
| Asfaltovenator | |
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Superfamily: | †Allosauroidea |
| Genus: | †Asfaltovenator Rauhut & Pol, 2019 |
| Type species | |
| †Asfaltovenator vialidadi Rauhut & Pol, 2019
| |
Asfaltovenator (meaning "Cañadón Asfalto Formation hunter" after the fossil formation in which its fossils were found) is a genus of possibly allosauroid dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (Middle Toarcian) Cañadón Asfalto Formation from Chubut Province, Argentina. The type and only species is Asfaltovenator vialidadi.
Discovery
In 2002, technician Leandro Canesa, roughly a mile north of Cerro Condor, discovered a theropod skeleton. Excavations started in 2005. In 2007, the fossil was in its entirety removed as an enormous stone block, covered by plaster of Paris. It was then prepared by Mariano Caffa, a process that took five years due to the extreme hardness of the stone matrix. Between 2013 and 2015, it was compared with the specimens of related theropods, researchers personally investigating their exemplars in collections all over the world.[2][3]
In 2019, the type species Asfaltovenator vialidadi was named and described by Oliver Walter, Mischa Rauhut and Diego Pol. The generic name combines a reference to the Cañadón Asfalto with a Latin venator, "hunter". The specific name honours the Dirección Nacional de Vialidad, for assisting the Museo Paleontológico "Egidio Feruglio" in recovering the fossil.[2]
Asfaltovenator is only known from the holotype specimen MPEF PV 3440, which was found in a layer of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation which dates from the late Toarcian to the Bajocian, being latter fully constrained to 179-178 million years (Middle Toarcian) thanks to advanced zircon datation, with the location of the specimen being closer to the younger date.[4] It consists of a partial skeleton with skull. It contains the largely complete skull with lower jaws and the front half of the skeleton forward of the hips, including ten neck vertebrae, thirteen back vertebrae and the first sacral vertebra, the complete shoulder girdle minus the furcula and both forelimbs; and also the distal portion of the pubic bones as well as a partial right hindlimb consisting of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portions of the tibia and fibula, and a partial foot.[2]
Description
Asfaltovenator was a fairly large animal similar in size to Allosaurus, with the holotype skull being 75–80 cm (2.46–2.62 ft) in length and the total body length being estimated at 7–8 m (23–26 ft).[2]
The describers indicated a number of distinguishing traits. Some of these are autapomorphies, unique derived characters. The premaxillary teeth have large serrations on the rear edge but only minute serrations on the front edge. The skull shows features shared with megalosauroids, like an enlarged foramen above the second premaxillary tooth (also found in the Neotheropods Dilophosaurus, Dracovenator, and in the Coelurosaur Proceratosaurus), unfused paradental plates (also observed in various theropods), and the lack of a medial palatal shelf extending posteriorly from the anteromedial process (seen in ceratosaurs and some early-diverging theropods). Beyond that, the skull displays several characteristics commonly found in allosauroids, such as an anteroventral narial fossa in the premaxilla (also present in the Megalosauroids Dubreuillosaurus, Marshosaurus, and Eustreptospondylus), a moderate ventral extension of the antorbital fossa in the maxilla (also seen in Piatnitzkysauridae), a dorsoventral groove on the anterior surface of the lacrimal's ventral process (absent in Allosaurus but present in the Megalosauroids Wiehenvenator, Monolophosaurus, and Dubreuillosaurus), a low supraantorbital crest in the lacrimal (also in Afrovenator), and a posteroventral process in the quadratojugal (also observed in some tyrannosaurids and abelisaurids).[5] The exoccipital bone of the rear skull shows distinctive horizontal ridges between the paraoccipital process and the foramen magnum. On the third and fourth neck vertebrae, the neural spines are triangular and swept backwards. The eleventh and twelfth back vertebrae possess an additional forward ridge on the underside of the diapophysis, the process for the articulation facet of the top rib head.[2]
Classification
Due to its mosaic of primitive and derived characters within Tetanurae, Asfaltovenator's inclusion in the phylogenetic analysis disrupted current views of tetanuran phylogeny, with the analysis recovering Asfaltovenator as a basal allosauroid, above the Piatnitzkysauridae, and traditional Megalosauroidea as a paraphyletic grade leading to Allosauroidea.[2] The unique combination of characteristics seen in Asfaltovenator may also indicate megalosauroids and allosauroids shared a common ancestor not shared with the tetanuran group of Coelurosauria.
In 2024, the describers of Alpkarakush included Asfaltovenator within Allosauridae based on their phylogenetic analysis.[6] The ongoing osteology notified also this position, finding it along Allosaurus in some trees or as an early branching Allosauroid of some kind, were a monophyletic Carnosauria is not recovered anymore and the other Cañadón Asfalto Tetanurans aren´t closely related.[5]
References
- ^ Fantasia, A.; Föllmi, K. B.; Adatte, T.; Spangenberg, J. E.; Schoene, B.; Barker, R. T.; Scasso, R. A. (2021). "Late Toarcian continental palaeoenvironmental conditions: An example from the Canadon Asfalto Formation in southern Argentina". Gondwana Research. 89 (1): 47–65. Bibcode:2021GondR..89...47F. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.10.001. S2CID 225120452. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Pol, Diego (2019-12-11). "Probable basal allosauroid from the early Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina highlights phylogenetic uncertainty in tetanuran theropod dinosaurs". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 18826. Bibcode:2019NatSR...918826R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53672-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6906444. PMID 31827108.
- ^ "Asfaltovenator Vialidadi: Hallaron en la Patagonia uno de los más antiguos y completos dinosaurios carnívoros del Jurásico". La Nación. 11 December 2019.
- ^ Pol, D.; Gomez, K.; Holwerda, F. M.; Rauhut, O. W.; Carballido, J. L. (2022). "Sauropods from the Early Jurassic of South America and the Radiation of Eusauropoda". South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. 1 (1): 131–163. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3_4. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ a b Cuesta, E.; Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M. (2024). "'Going around in the head' of Asfaltovenator: new data on the skull of the type specimen of the Patagonian allosauroid (Early Jurassic)" (PDF). EAVP2024 Abstract book and programme. 18 (1): 10–11.
- ^ Rauhut, Oliver W M; Bakirov, Aizek A; Wings, Oliver; Fernandes, Alexandra E; Hübner, Tom R (2024-08-01). "A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 201 (4). doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae090. ISSN 0024-4082.
