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{{short description|Comet}}
#REDIRECT [[Great Comet of 1618]]
{{Infobox comet
| name = C/1618 W1
| image = Comet_1618_Augsburg.png
| caption = The Great Comet of 1618 over [[Augsburg]], Germany
| discovery_ref =
| discoverer =
| discovery_date = 25 November 1618
| designations = Great Comet of 1618<br>1618 II
| orbit_ref = <ref name=JPL3/>
| epoch = 8 November 1618 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2312334.351)
| observation_arc = 53 days
| obs = 42
| aphelion =
| perihelion = 0.38954 AU
| semimajor =
| eccentricity = ~1.000
| period =
| max_speed = ~67 km/s
| inclination = 37.196°
| asc_node = 81.001°
| arg_peri = 287.436°
| tjup =
| Earth_moid =
| Jupiter_moid =
| physical_ref =
| M1 =
| magnitude = 0–1<ref name=JPL4/><br><small>(1618 apparition)</small>
| last_p = 8 November 1618
| next_p =
}}


'''C/1618 W1''' is a [[comet]] that was visible to the naked eye in 1618 and 1619. It is classified as a "'''[[Great Comet]]'''" due to its extraordinary brightness and its long tail, measuring up to 90° long.
{{NASTRO comment|r-templates=off|type=comet}}


It was the first comet to be observed with [[telescope]]s (along with two smaller ones of the same year) . While leading scientists at the time made precise observations, others discussed at a [[colloquium]] whether these comets were divine signs because of the war that had just broken out across Europe, or purely natural phenomena.
[[Category:Non-periodic comets|1618]]

== Discovery and observation ==
Three comets were visible in the naked eye in 1618.{{r|JPL1|JPL2|JPL3}} The brightest of these is probably the one first observed in November 25. Two Chinese texts reported the sighting of the comet on the morning of November 26, with its tail measuring 10° long across the sky, pointed to the southeast.

It is possible that the comet was discovered earlier in [[Persia]], where the Spanish ambassador [[García de Silva y Figueroa]] had seen it in [[Isfahan]] a day or two earlier. However, his reports are inaccurate in this regard. He described it as diffuse and of the color and brightness of [[Venus]] in the eastern sky. Sightings were also made in [[Korea]], the
[[Moluccas]], and the [[Philippines]]<ref name=Ramerini_2021/>

In Europe, the comet was observed by many astronomers from the end of November. [[Johannes Kepler]] saw it in [[Linz]] on the morning of November 29th and was able to measure its orbit until January 7th<ref name=Lynn_1989/>. The Swiss Jesuit [[Johann Baptist Cysat]] observed the comet from [[Ingolstadt]] from December 1st.<ref name=Cysat_1619/> On December 9th, he reported a tail length of 70°. In England, the astronomer [[John Bainbridge]] observed it from November 28th to December 26th and drew maps showing the comet's position in the sky.<ref name=Cunningham_2020/> From his observations, he concluded that the comet was ten times further away from the [[Earth]] than the [[Moon]].

== Superstition ==

== Scientific evaluation ==

== In Literature ==

== See also ==
* [[Great comet]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Cunningham_2020">{{cite web
| author1= C. J. Cunningham
| title= The Great Comet Confusion of 1619
| url= https://astrosociety.org/news-publications/mercury-online/mercury-online.html/article/2020/01/31/the-great-comet-confusion-of-1619
| website= AstroSociety.org
| publisher= Astronomical Society of the Pacific
| date= 31 January 2020
| access-date= 2 November 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="Cysat_1619">{{cite book
| author1= J. B. Cysat
| author2= V. Motzel
| title= Mathemata astronomica de loco, motu, magnitudine et causis cometae qui sub finem anni 1618 et initium anni 1619 in coelo fulsit
| trans-title= Astronomical Calculations about the Position, Motion, Size and Causes of the Comet that Shone in the Sky from 1618 to 1619
| url= https://www.e-rara.ch/download/pdf/992683.pdf
| publisher= Typographeo Ederiano
| location= Ingolstadt, Germany
| year= 1619
| bibcode= 1619madl.book.....C
| doi= 10.3931/e-rara-3119
| doi-access= free }}
</ref>

<ref name="JPL1">{{cite web
| title= C/1618 Q1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser
| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=C%2F1618%20W1
| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
| publisher= [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
| access-date= 2 November 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="JPL2">{{cite web
| title= C/1618 V1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser
| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=C%2F1618%20W1
| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
| publisher= [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
| access-date= 2 November 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="JPL3">{{cite web
| title= C/1618 W1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser
| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=C%2F1618%20W1
| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
| publisher= [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
| access-date= 2 November 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="JPL4">{{cite web
| author1= D. K. Yeomans
| title= Great Comets of History
| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sb/great_comets.html
| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
| publisher= [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
| access-date= 2 November 2024
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Lynn_1989">{{cite journal
| author1= W. T. Lynn
| title= The Great Comet of 1618
| url= https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1889Obs....12..407L
| year= 1889
| journal= The Observatory
| volume= 12
| pages= 407–408
| bibcode= 1889Obs....12..407L }}
</ref>

<ref name="Ramerini_2021">{{cite web
| author1= M. Ramerini
| title= The Three Comets of 1618: A Testimony from the Spice Islands, the Moluccas
| url= https://www.colonialvoyage.com/le-tre-comete-del-1618-una-testimonianza-dalle-isole-delle-spezie-le-molucche/
| website= ColonialVoyage.com
| language= es
| access-date= 2 November 2024 }}
</ref>

}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:1618 W1}}
[[Category:Non-periodic comets]]
[[Category:1618]]
[[Category:1618]]

{{comet-stub}}

Revision as of 04:47, 2 November 2024

C/1618 W1
The Great Comet of 1618 over Augsburg, Germany
Discovery
Discovery date25 November 1618
Designations
Great Comet of 1618
1618 II
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch8 November 1618 (JD 2312334.351)
Observation arc53 days
Number of
observations		42
Perihelion0.38954 AU
Eccentricity~1.000
Max. orbital speed~67 km/s
Inclination37.196°
81.001°
Argument of
periapsis		287.436°
Last perihelion8 November 1618
Physical characteristics
0–1[2]
(1618 apparition)

C/1618 W1 is a comet that was visible to the naked eye in 1618 and 1619. It is classified as a "Great Comet" due to its extraordinary brightness and its long tail, measuring up to 90° long.

It was the first comet to be observed with telescopes (along with two smaller ones of the same year) . While leading scientists at the time made precise observations, others discussed at a colloquium whether these comets were divine signs because of the war that had just broken out across Europe, or purely natural phenomena.

Discovery and observation

Three comets were visible in the naked eye in 1618.[3][4][1] The brightest of these is probably the one first observed in November 25. Two Chinese texts reported the sighting of the comet on the morning of November 26, with its tail measuring 10° long across the sky, pointed to the southeast.

It is possible that the comet was discovered earlier in Persia, where the Spanish ambassador García de Silva y Figueroa had seen it in Isfahan a day or two earlier. However, his reports are inaccurate in this regard. He described it as diffuse and of the color and brightness of Venus in the eastern sky. Sightings were also made in Korea, the Moluccas, and the Philippines[5]

In Europe, the comet was observed by many astronomers from the end of November. Johannes Kepler saw it in Linz on the morning of November 29th and was able to measure its orbit until January 7th[6]. The Swiss Jesuit Johann Baptist Cysat observed the comet from Ingolstadt from December 1st.[7] On December 9th, he reported a tail length of 70°. In England, the astronomer John Bainbridge observed it from November 28th to December 26th and drew maps showing the comet's position in the sky.[8] From his observations, he concluded that the comet was ten times further away from the Earth than the Moon.

Superstition

Scientific evaluation

In Literature

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "C/1618 W1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  2. ^ D. K. Yeomans. "Great Comets of History". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  3. ^ "C/1618 Q1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  4. ^ "C/1618 V1 – JPL Small-Body Database Browser". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  5. ^ M. Ramerini. "The Three Comets of 1618: A Testimony from the Spice Islands, the Moluccas". ColonialVoyage.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  6. ^ W. T. Lynn (1889). "The Great Comet of 1618". The Observatory. 12: 407–408. Bibcode:1889Obs....12..407L.
  7. ^ J. B. Cysat; V. Motzel (1619). Mathemata astronomica de loco, motu, magnitudine et causis cometae qui sub finem anni 1618 et initium anni 1619 in coelo fulsit [Astronomical Calculations about the Position, Motion, Size and Causes of the Comet that Shone in the Sky from 1618 to 1619] (PDF). Ingolstadt, Germany: Typographeo Ederiano. Bibcode:1619madl.book.....C. doi:10.3931/e-rara-3119.
  8. ^ C. J. Cunningham (31 January 2020). "The Great Comet Confusion of 1619". AstroSociety.org. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
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