2018 Brazilian general election: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} |
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{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
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| election_name = Brazilian general election, 2018 |
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| country = Brazil |
| country = Brazil |
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| previous_election = 2014 Brazilian general election |
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| type = presidential |
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| vote_type = Popular |
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| ongoing = yes |
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| previous_election = Brazilian general election, 2014 |
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| previous_year = 2014 |
| previous_year = 2014 |
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| next_election = 2022 Brazilian general election |
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| election_date = {{Start date|2018|10|07|df=y}} {{small|(first round)}}<br />{{Start date|2018|10|28|df=y}} {{small|(second round)}} |
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| next_election = Brazilian general election, 2022 |
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| next_year = 2022 |
| next_year = 2022 |
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| module = {{Infobox election |
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| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the Brazilian general election, 2018 |
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| embed = yes |
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<!--- |
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| type = presidential |
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| reporting = 0 |
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| |
| alliance_name = no |
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| election_date = {{Start date|2018|10|07|df=y}} (first round)<br />{{Start date|2018|10|28|df=y}} (second round) |
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| time_zone = (GMT-3) |
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| turnout = 79.67% (first round)<br />78.70% (second round)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://divulga.tse.jus.br/oficial/index.html|title=Disclosure of Election Results|publisher=[[Superior Electoral Court]]|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> |
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---> |
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| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2018 Brazilian general election |
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| turnout = 79.67% {{small|(first round)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://divulga.tse.jus.br/index.html|title=Disclosure of Election Results|publisher=[[Superior Electoral Court]]|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref> |
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| election_name = Presidential election |
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<!--- Jair Bolsonaro --->| candidate1 = [[Jair Bolsonaro]] |
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| candidate1 = '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' |
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| image1 = Jair Bolsonaro em 24 de abril de 2019 (1; recorte III).jpg |
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| party1 = [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]] |
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| party1 = Social Liberal Party (Brazil) |
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| alliance1 = Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone |
| alliance1 = Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone |
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| running_mate1 = '''[[Hamilton Mourão]]''' |
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| color1 = 203B78 |
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| popular_vote1 = '''57,797,847 ''' |
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| home_state1 = [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]{{efn|Born in [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], electoral based in [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]}} |
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| percentage1 = '''55.13%''' |
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| running_mate1 = [[Antônio Hamilton Mourão]] |
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| states_carried1 = <!-- For second round result, not first round--> |
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| popular_vote1 = <!-- For second round result, not first round--> |
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| percentage1 = <!-- For second round result, not first round--> |
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| candidate2 = [[Fernando Haddad]] |
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<!--- Fernando Haddad --->| candidate2 = [[Fernando Haddad]]{{efn|The original candidate [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] was barred from running by the [[Superior Electoral Court]] on 31 August 2018, in accordance with the [[Ficha Limpa|Clean Slate]] law.<ref name=ABC2018-8-31 />}} |
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| image2 = |
| image2 = Fernando Haddad Prefeito 2016.jpg |
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| party2 = |
| party2 = Workers' Party (Brazil) |
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| alliance2 = The People Happy Again |
| alliance2 = The People Happy Again |
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| color2 = CC0000 |
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| home_state2 = [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] |
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| running_mate2 = [[Manuela d'Ávila]] |
| running_mate2 = [[Manuela d'Ávila]] |
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| popular_vote2 = 47,040,906 |
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| states_carried2 = <!-- For second round result, not first round--> |
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| percentage2 = 44.87% |
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| popular_vote2 = <!-- For second round result, not first round--> |
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| percentage2 = <!-- For second round result, not first round--> |
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| map_image = Candidatos 2018.png |
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| map_caption = First round winners by [[States of Brazil|state]], [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] and [[Brazilian diaspora|abroad]] |
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{{legend|#0a0680|Bolsonaro, >50% of valid votes}} |
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{{legend|#0d00fb|Bolsonaro, <50% of valid votes}} |
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{{legend|#800004|Haddad, >50% of valid votes}} |
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{{legend|#fb0501|Haddad, <50% of valid votes}} |
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{{legend|#098109|Gomes, <50% of valid votes}} |
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| title = President |
| title = President |
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| before_election = [[Michel Temer]] |
| before_election = [[Michel Temer]] |
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| before_party = |
| before_party = Brazilian Democratic Movement |
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| after_election = |
| after_election = [[Jair Bolsonaro]] |
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| after_party = |
| after_party = Social Liberal Party (Brazil) |
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| map = {{Switcher |
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| [[File:2018 Brazil Presidential Elections, Round 2.svg|275px]] |
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| Second round, shaded according to vote share |
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| [[File:2018 Brazil Presidential Elections, Round 1.svg|275px]] |
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| First round, shaded according to vote share |
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| default=1 |
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}} |
}} |
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| map_caption = Presidential election results |
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[[File:Logo of Brazilian general election in 2018.jpg|right|thumb|Official 2018 elections logo]] |
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| module = {{Infobox legislative election |
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'''General elections''' were held in [[Brazil]] on 7 October 2018 to elect the [[President of Brazil|President]], [[Vice President of Brazil|Vice President]] and the [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]]. [[Brazilian gubernatorial elections, 2018|Elections for state Governors and Vice Governors]], [[Legislative Assemblies of Brazilian states|state Legislative Assemblies]] and [[Legislative Chamber of the Federal District|Federal District Legislative Chamber]] were held at the same time. |
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| embed = yes |
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| election_name = Chamber of Deputies |
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| seats_for_election = All 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies |
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| map = Brazil Chamber of Deputies election, 2018.svg |
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| map_caption = Chamber of Deputies election result |
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| majority_seats = 257 |
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| leader1 = {{nowrap|Fernando Francischini}} | party1 = Social Liberal Party (Brazil) | percentage1 = 11.65 | last_election1 = 1 | seats1 = 52 |
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On 7 October 2018, [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] congressman [[Jair Bolsonaro]] came first in the first round of the election. The run-off will be between him and former [[São Paulo]] mayor [[Fernando Haddad]].<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/brazil-right-wing-presidential-candidate-wins-vote-runoff-likely-n917611 Brazil right-wing presidential candidate wins vote but runoff likely]</ref> Run-off elections will be held on 28 October 2018. |
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| leader2 = Paulo Pimenta | party2 = Workers' Party (Brazil) | percentage2 = 10.30 | last_election2 = 69 | seats2 = 56 |
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| leader3 = Nilson Leitão | party3 = Brazilian Social Democracy Party | percentage3 = 6.01 | last_election3 = 54 | seats3 = 29 |
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| leader4 = Domingos Neto | party4 = Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011) | percentage4 = 5.85 | last_election4 = 36 | seats4 = 34 |
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| leader5 = [[Arthur Lira]] | party5 = Progressistas | percentage5 = 5.57 | last_election5 = 38 | seats5 = 37 |
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| leader6 = [[Baleia Rossi]] | party6 = Brazilian Democratic Movement | percentage6 = 5.53 | last_election6 = 66 | seats6 = 34 |
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| leader7 = Tadeu Alencar | party7 = Brazilian Socialist Party | percentage7 = 5.48 | last_election7 = 34 | seats7 = 32 |
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| leader8 = [[José Rocha]] | color8 = {{party color|Party of the Republic}} | party8 = [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]] | percentage8 = 5.31 | last_election8 = 34 | seats8 = 33 |
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| leader9 = [[Celso Russomanno]] | party9 = [[Republicans (Brazil)|PRB]] | percentage9 = 5.08 | last_election9 = 21 | seats9 = 30 |
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| leader10 = [[Rodrigo Garcia (politician)|Rodrigo Garcia]] | party10 = Democrats (Brazil) | percentage10 = 4.66 | last_election10 = 21 | seats10 = 29 |
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| leader11 = [[André Figueiredo]] | party11 = Democratic Labour Party (Brazil) | percentage11 = 4.61 | last_election11 = 19 | seats11 = 28 |
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| party12 = Socialism and Liberty Party | leader12 = [[Chico Alencar]] | percentage12 = 2.83 | seats12 = 10 | last_election12 = 5 |
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| party13 = New Party (Brazil) | leader13 = ''None'' | percentage13 = 2.79 | seats13 = 8 | last_election13 = New |
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| party14 = Podemos (Brazil) | leader14 = Diego Garcia | percentage14 = 2.28 | seats14 = 11 | last_election14 = 4 |
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| party15 = Republican Party of the Social Order | leader15 = Felipe Bornier | percentage15 = 2.08 | seats15 = 8 | last_election15 = 11 |
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| party16 = Brazilian Labour Party (1981) | leader16 = [[Jovair Arantes]] | percentage16 = 2.06 | seats16 = 10 | last_election16 = 25 |
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| party17 = [[Solidarity (Brazil)|Solidariedade]] | leader17 = Wladimir Costa | percentage17 = 1.99 | seats17 = 13 | last_election17 = 15 |
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| party18 = Avante (political party) | leader18 = Luis Tibé | percentage18 = 1.88 | seats18 = 7 | last_election18 = 1 |
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| party19 = Social Christian Party (Brazil) | leader19 = Gilberto Nascimento | percentage19 = 1.80 | seats19 = 8 | last_election19 = 13 |
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| party20 = Green Party (Brazil) | leader20 = José Luiz Penna | percentage20 = 1.62 | seats20 = 4 | last_election20 = 8 |
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| party21 = [[Cidadania|PPS]] | color21 = {{party color|Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)}} | leader21 = Alex Manente | percentage21 = 1.62 | seats21 = 8 | last_election21 = 10 |
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| party22 = Patriota | leader22 = Junior Marreca | percentage22 = 1.46 | seats22 = 5 | last_election22 = 2 |
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| party23 = Humanist Party of Solidarity | leader23 = Marcelo Aro | percentage23 = 1.45 | seats23 = 6 | last_election23 = 5 |
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| party24 = Communist Party of Brazil | leader24 = [[Orlando Silva]] | percentage24 = 1.35 | seats24 = 9 | last_election24 = 10 |
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| party25 = Progressive Republican Party (Brazil) | leader25 = ''None'' | percentage25 = 0.87 | seats25 = 4 | last_election25 = 3 |
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| party26 = Sustainability Network | leader26 = [[João Derly]] | percentage26 = 0.83 | seats26 = 1 | last_election26 = New |
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| party27 = Party of National Mobilization | leader27 = ''None'' | percentage27 = 0.64 | seats27 = 3 | last_election27 = 3 |
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| party28 = [[Act (Brazil)|PTC]] | color28 = {{party color|Christian Labour Party}} | leader28 = ''None'' | percentage28 = 0.61 | seats28 = 2 | last_election28 = 2 |
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| party29 = Free Fatherland Party (Brazil) | leader29 = Uldurico Junior | percentage29 = 0.39 | seats29 = 1 | last_election29 = 0 |
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| party30 = Christian Democracy (Brazil) | leader30 = ''None'' | percentage30 = 0.38 | seats30 = 1 | last_election30 = 2 |
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| module = {{Infobox legislative election |
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| embed = yes |
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| election_name = Senate |
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| seats_for_election = 54 of the 81 seats in the Senate |
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| map = Brazil Senate election, 2018.svg |
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| map_caption = Senate election result |
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| party1 = Workers' Party (Brazil) | leader1 = [[Lindbergh Farias]] | percentage1 = 14.46 | last_election1 = 12 | seats1 = 6 |
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| party2 = Brazilian Social Democracy Party | leader2 = [[Paulo Bauer]] | percentage2 = 11.85 | last_election2 = 10 | seats2 = 8 |
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| party3 = Social Liberal Party (Brazil) | leader3 = ''None'' | percentage3 = 11.33 | last_election3 = New | seats3 = 4 |
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| party4 = Brazilian Democratic Movement | leader4 = [[Simone Tebet]]| percentage4 = 7.47 | last_election4 = 18 | seats4 = 12 |
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| party5 = Democrats (Brazil) | leader5 = [[Ronaldo Caiado]] | percentage5 = 5.38 | last_election5 = 5 | seats5 = 6 |
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| party6 = Brazilian Socialist Party | leader6 = {{nowrap|[[Antônio Carlos Valadares]]}} | percentage6 = 4.80 | last_election6 = 7 | seats6 = 2 |
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| party7 = Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011) | leader7 = [[Omar Aziz]] | percentage7 = 4.79 | last_election7 = 3 | seats7 = 7 |
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| party8 = Democratic Labour Party (Brazil) | leader8 = [[Acir Gurgacz]] | percentage8 = 4.52 | last_election8 = 8 | seats8 = 5 |
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| party9 = Progressistas | leader9 = [[Ana Amélia Lemos]] | percentage9 = 4.39 | last_election9 = 5 | seats9 = 6 |
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| party10 = Sustainability Network | leader10 = [[Randolfe Rodrigues]] | percentage10 = 4.18 | seats10 = 5 | last_election10 = New |
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| party11 = Podemos (Brazil) | leader11 = [[Alvaro Dias]] | percentage11 = 3.21 | seats11 = 5 | last_election11 = 0 |
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| party12 = Humanist Party of Solidarity | leader12 = ''None'' | percentage12 = 2.47 | seats12 = 2 | last_election12 = New |
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| party13 = Social Christian Party (Brazil) | leader13 = ''None'' | percentage13 = 2.41 | seats13 = 1 | last_election13 = 0 |
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| party14 = [[Solidarity (Brazil)|Solidariedade]] | leader14 = ''None'' | percentage14 = 2.34 | seats14 = 1 | last_election14 = 1 |
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| party15 = [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PR]] | color15 = {{party color|Party of the Republic}} | leader15 = [[Vicentinho Alves|Vicente Alves]] | percentage15 = 1.83 | last_election15 = 4 | seats15 = 2 |
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| party16 = [[Cidadania|PPS]] | color16 = {{party color|Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)}} | leader16 = [[Cristovam Buarque]] | percentage16 = 1.72 | seats16 = 2 | last_election16 = New |
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| party17 = Progressive Republican Party (Brazil) | leader17 = ''None'' | percentage17 = 1.15 | seats17 = 1 | last_election17 = 0 |
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| party18 = Brazilian Labour Party (1981) | leader18 = [[Armando Monteiro (politician)|Armando Monteiro]] | percentage18 = 1.11 | seats18 = 3 | last_election18 = 3 |
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| party19 = Communist Party of Brazil | leader19 = [[Vanessa Grazziotin]] | percentage19 = 0.98 | last_election19 = 1 |seats19 = 0 |
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| party20 = [[Republicans (Brazil)|PRB]] | leader20 = [[Eduardo Lopes (politician)|Eduardo Lopes]] | percentage20 = 0.88 | last_election20 = 1 | seats20 = 1 |
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| party21 = Republican Party of the Social Order | leader21 = [[Hélio José]] | percentage21 = 0.80 | seats21 = 1 | last_election21 = 1 |
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| party22 = [[Act (Brazil)|PTC]] | color22 = {{party color|Christian Labour Party}} | leader22 = [[Fernando Collor de Mello|Fernando Collor]] | percentage22 = 0.13 | seats22 = 1 | last_election22 = 0 |
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}}}}}} |
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}}[[File:Logo of Brazilian general election in 2018.jpg|right|thumb|Official 2018 elections logo]] |
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General elections were held in [[Brazil]] on 7 October 2018 to elect the president, [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]] and [[Governor (Brazil)|state governors]]. As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a [[Two-round system|runoff]] round was held on 28 October. |
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The election occurred during a tumultuous time in Brazilian politics. Narrowly re-elected in 2014,<ref name=":0">[https://next.ft.com/content/ce7cb3c0-4e9b-11e6-9b99-1e1f25294c08 Brazil keen to open trade talks with UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101113147/https://www.ft.com/content/ce7cb3c0-4e9b-11e6-9b99-1e1f25294c08 |date=1 November 2022 }} Financial Times, 22 July 2016</ref> President [[Dilma Rousseff]] of the centre-left [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers’ Party]] (PT), which had dominated Brazilian politics since [[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]], was [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|impeached in 2016]].<ref name="cnn_removal2">{{cite news|author1=Catherine E. Shoichet|author2=Euan McKirdy|title=Brazil's Senate ousts Rousseff in impeachment vote|website=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/31/americas/brazil-rousseff-impeachment-vote/index.html|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> Replacing her was her [[Vice President of Brazil|Vice President]], [[Michel Temer]] of the centre-right [[Brazilian Democratic Movement Party]].<ref>{{cite news|date=1 September 2016|title=Brazil's Rousseff ousted by Senate, Temer sworn in|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-impeachment-idUSKCN114071|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> Temer, whose age of 75 at inauguration made him the oldest to ever take office, broke sharply with his predecessor's policies and amended the constitution to freeze public spending.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Magalhaes|first1=Luciana|last2=Jelmayer|first2=Rogerio|date=31 August 2016|title=Michel Temer Seeks New Start as Brazil's President|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michel-temer-seeks-new-start-as-brazils-president-1472676685|url-access=subscription|access-date=3 September 2016|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> He was extraordinarily unpopular, reaching an approval rating of 7% versus 76% in favor of his resignation.<ref name="seven">{{cite news|last=Phillips|first=Dom|date=26 June 2017|title=President Michel Temer of Brazil Is Charged With Corruption|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/world/americas/brazil-temer-corruption-charge-joesley-batista.html|url-access=limited|access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref> Despite mass demonstrations against his governance, including a [[2017 Brazilian general strike|2017 general strike]] and a [[2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike|2018 truck drivers’ strike]], Temer refused to step down and served the duration of his term in office.<ref name="resign">{{cite web|last=Romero|first=Simon|date=26 May 2017|title=Their Government in Chaos, Brazilians Fear the Joke Is on Them|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/americas/brazil-michel-temer-corruption.html|url-access=limited|access-date=28 May 2017|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Due to being convicted of breaking campaign finance laws, Temer was ineligible to run in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|date=3 June 2016|title=Credibility of Brazil's Interim President Collapses as He Receives 8-Year Ban on Running for Office|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/06/03/credibility-of-brazils-interim-president-collapses-receives-8-year-ban-on-running/|access-date=10 September 2016|work=[[The Intercept]]}}</ref> |
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The candidacy of [[Jair Bolsonaro]], a controversial federal deputy from [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] known for his [[far-right politics]]<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last=Brooke|first=James|date=25 July 1993|title=Conversations/Jair Bolsonaro; A Soldier Turned Politician Wants To Give Brazil Back to Army Rule|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/weekinreview/conversations-jair-bolsonaro-soldier-turned-politician-wants-give-brazil-back.html|url-status=live|access-date=7 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024103225/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/weekinreview/conversations-jair-bolsonaro-soldier-turned-politician-wants-give-brazil-back.html|archive-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Editorial Board|date=8 October 2018|title=Brazilian Swamp Drainer|newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/brazilian-swamp-drainer-1539039700|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010234348/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/brazilian-swamp-drainer-1539039700|archive-date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 October 2014|title=O inquietante 'fenômeno Bolsonaro'|url=http://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2014/10/07/politica/1412684374_628594.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616203834/https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2014/10/07/politica/1412684374_628594.html|archive-date=16 June 2018|access-date=18 June 2017|website=brasil.elpais.com|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|date=14 October 2017|title=Brazil's congress starts to reform itself|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730206-clean-up-sleazy-political-system-will-require-lot-more-work-brazils-congress-starts|url-status=live|access-date=15 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015151746/https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730206-clean-up-sleazy-political-system-will-require-lot-more-work-brazils-congress-starts|archive-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> and defense of the former Brazilian [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|military dictatorship]],<ref>{{cite web|date=8 July 2016|title=Defensor da Ditadura, Jair Bolsonaro reforça frase polêmica: "o erro foi torturar e não matar" - Pânico - Jovem Pan FM São Paulo 100.9|url=http://jovempanfm.uol.com.br/panico/defensor-da-ditadura-jair-bolsonaro-reforca-frase-polemica-o-erro-foi-torturar-e-nao-matar.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904101345/http://jovempanfm.uol.com.br/panico/defensor-da-ditadura-jair-bolsonaro-reforca-frase-polemica-o-erro-foi-torturar-e-nao-matar.html|archive-date=4 September 2018|access-date=13 September 2018|website=Jovem Pan FM|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref name="nyt" /><ref name="R7.com">{{Cite news|date=31 March 2015|title=Bolsonaro chama ditadura militar brasileira de "intervenção democrática"|language=pt-BR|work=R7.com|url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/bolsonaro-chama-ditadura-militar-brasileira-de-intervencao-democratica-31032015|url-status=live|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005123054/https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/bolsonaro-chama-ditadura-militar-brasileira-de-intervencao-democratica-31032015|archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> overshadowed other conservative candidates. Noted for his vehement opposition to [[abortion]]<ref name="osul.com.br">{{cite web|date=21 August 2015|title=Bolsonaro, em Porto Alegre, confirma ser contra o aborto e a favor da redução da maioridade penal – Jornal O Sul|url=http://www.osul.com.br/bolsonaro-em-porto-alegre-confirma-ser-contra-o-aborto-e-a-favor-da-reducao-da-maioridade-penal/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616153432/http://www.osul.com.br/bolsonaro-em-porto-alegre-confirma-ser-contra-o-aborto-e-a-favor-da-reducao-da-maioridade-penal/|archive-date=16 June 2018|access-date=7 September 2018|website=Osul.com.br}}</ref> and [[LGBT rights in Brazil|same-sex marriage]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bolsonaro: "prefiro filho morto em acidente a um homossexual"|language=pt-BR|work=Terra|url=http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/bolsonaro-quotprefiro-filho-morto-em-acidente-a-um-homossexualquot,cf89cc00a90ea310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925084333/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/bolsonaro-quotprefiro-filho-morto-em-acidente-a-um-homossexualquot,cf89cc00a90ea310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html|archive-date=25 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Bolsonaro é condenado a pagar R$ 150 mil por declarações contra gays|work=Folha de S.Paulo|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/11/1934062-bolsonaro-e-condenado-a-pagar-r-150-mil-por-declaracoes-contra-gays.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002122427/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/11/1934062-bolsonaro-e-condenado-a-pagar-r-150-mil-por-declaracoes-contra-gays.shtml|archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> Bolsonaro joined the small [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]] (PSL) to mount his bid for the presidency, shifting the party's ideology in favor of [[social conservatism]] and [[nationalism]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Com chegada de Bolsonaro, Livres anuncia saída do PSL|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/blog-do-fucs/com-chegada-de-bolsonaro-livres-anuncia-saida-do-psl/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013923/https://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/blog-do-fucs/com-chegada-de-bolsonaro-livres-anuncia-saida-do-psl/|archive-date=21 March 2019|access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Como o PSL tomou espaço da centro-direita na Câmara|url=https://www.nexojornal.com.br/expresso/2018/10/09/Como-o-PSL-tomou-espa%C3%A7o-da-centro-direita-na-C%C3%A2mara|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124135424/https://www.nexojornal.com.br/expresso/2018/10/09/Como-o-PSL-tomou-espa%C3%A7o-da-centro-direita-na-C%C3%A2mara|archive-date=24 November 2018|access-date=7 December 2018|website=Nexo Jornal}}</ref> Bolsonaro benefited from opposition to the former PT government and ran in favor of expanding gun ownership in response to [[Crime in Brazil|high crime]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|date=19 April 2018|title=Trump of the tropics: the 'dangerous' candidate leading Brazil's presidential race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-presidential-candidate-trump-parallels|url-status=live|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520200018/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-presidential-candidate-trump-parallels|archive-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> legalizing the [[death penalty]],<ref name="epoca22">{{cite web|title=Jair Bolsonaro: "Sou preconceituoso, com muito orgulho"|url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI245890-15223,00.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412080809/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI245890-15223,00.html|archive-date=12 April 2018|access-date=7 September 2018|website=revistaepoca.globo.com}}</ref> and the privatization of state-owned companies.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Bolsonaro diz que é liberal e adota discurso que agrada investidores|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/10/1925458-bolsonaro-diz-que-e-liberal-e-adota-discurso-que-agrada-investidores.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163556/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/10/1925458-bolsonaro-diz-que-e-liberal-e-adota-discurso-que-agrada-investidores.shtml|archive-date=12 June 2018|access-date=24 April 2018|website=1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Finchelstein|first=Federico|author-link=Federico Finchelstein|date=14 October 2018|title=Brasil: todas las opciones son malas|url=https://www.clarin.com/opinion/brasil-todas-opciones-malas_0_CyhTjjk9e.html|url-status=live|journal=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104130053/https://www.clarin.com/opinion/brasil-todas-opciones-malas_0_CyhTjjk9e.html|archive-date=4 November 2018|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> For the position of Vice President, Bolsonaro chose [[Hamilton Mourão]], a conservative retired general in the [[Brazilian Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 October 2018|title=Mourão diz que neto é 'branqueamento da raça'|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/mourao-diz-que-neto-branqueamento-da-raca-23134844|access-date=25 November 2020|website=O Globo|language=pt-BR}}</ref> During the campaign, Bolsonaro was the [[Ele Não movement|subject of widespread protests]] for his [[Homophobia|homophobic]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-21 |title='You have a terribly homosexual face': Brazil's president launches homophobic attack on journalist |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/brazil-president-homophobic-jair-bolsonaro-face-homosexual-flavio-corruption-a9256121.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Racism|racist]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Phillips |first1=Tom |date=2020-01-24 |title=Jair Bolsonaro's racist comment sparks outrage from indigenous groups |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/24/jair-bolsonaro-racist-comment-sparks-outrage-indigenous-groups |access-date=2023-12-02 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and [[Misogyny|misogynistic]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-23 |title='Feminism is sexist': The women backing Brazil's Bolsonaro |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45944164 |access-date=2023-12-02}}</ref> beliefs. Former [[List of Governors of São Paulo|Governor of]] [[São Paulo]] [[Geraldo Alckmin]], who ran as a member of the previously dominant centre-right [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]] (PSDB), received the worst result for a presidential nominee of his party in Brazilian history. |
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Former President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]], who left office in 2011 with high approval ratings,<ref>{{cite news|date=31 December 2010|title=Lula leaves office as Brazil's 'most popular' president|work=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12097490|access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 January 2009|title=Lula's last lap|newspaper=The Economist|url=http://www.economist.com/node/12891019|url-access=limited|access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref> intended to run for president as the candidate of the PT with former [[Mayor of São Paulo]] [[Fernando Haddad]] as his running-mate.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 September 2018|title=TSE indefere pedido de registro de canddidatura de Lula à Presidência da República|url=http://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2018/Setembro/tse-indefere-pedido-de-registro-de-candidatura-de-lula-a-presidencia-da-republica|access-date=9 September 2018|publisher=Tribunal Superior Eleitoral|language=pt|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014646/http://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2018/Setembro/tse-indefere-pedido-de-registro-de-candidatura-de-lula-a-presidencia-da-republica|url-status=dead}}</ref> Polling taken during the campaign found Lula as the favorite in both the first and second rounds of the election.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brooks|first=Anthony Boadle, Brad|date=31 January 2018|title=Brazil's presidential race up for grabs with Lula out, poll shows|language=fr|work=Reuters|url=https://fr.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-poll-idUSKBN1FK1HA|access-date=30 November 2020}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rapoza|first=Kenneth|title=Why Brazil's Ex-President Lula Leads Polls In An Election He Cannot Even Run In|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2018/08/21/brazil-lula-polls-election-petrobras-scandal-bans-him/|access-date=30 November 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> However, Lula's 2017 conviction on corruption charges barred him from running.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brazil: Lula da Silva barred from running for presidency|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/9/1/brazil-lula-da-silva-barred-from-running-for-presidency|access-date=30 November 2020|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Darlington|first1=Shasta|last2=Andreoni|first2=Manuela|date=1 September 2018|title=Brazilian Court Rules That 'Lula' Cannot Run for President (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/americas/lula-president-brazil.html|access-date=30 November 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Haddad, who was largely unknown to Brazilian voters at the time,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Phillips|first=Dom|date=18 September 2018|title=Fernando Haddad aims to be Brazil's new Lula – but does anyone know who he is?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/18/fernando-haddad-lula-brazil-election|access-date=30 November 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Child|first=David|title=Who is Fernando Haddad, Brazil's leftist presidential candidate?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/8/who-is-fernando-haddad-brazils-leftist-presidential-candidate|access-date=30 November 2020|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> was chosen to run in his place, with [[Communist Party of Brazil]] (PCdoB) deputy [[Manuela d'Ávila|Manuela d’Avila]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] serving as his running mate.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gonçalves|first=Eduardo|date=11 September 2018|title=PT aprova Haddad para substituir Lula como candidato à Presidência|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/pt-aprova-haddad-para-substituir-lula-como-candidato-a-presidencia/|access-date=11 September 2018|publisher=Veja|language=pt}}</ref> His major opponent on the left was [[Ciro Gomes]], a mainstay of Brazilian politics who ran a centre-left campaign as a member of the [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]] (PDT).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kerche|first=Fabio|title=Brazilian candidate still crushing his rivals from jail|language=en|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/brazilian-candidate-still-crushing-his-rivals-from-jail-95634|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> Following Haddad's advancement to the second round, Ciro did not endorse his campaign, though he did signal opposition to Bolsonaro.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ciro Gomes sinaliza apoio a Haddad e diz que tem uma certeza: "ele não, sem dúvida"|date=7 October 2018|url=https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/7662303/ciro-gomes-sinaliza-apoio-a-haddad-e-diz-que-tem-uma-certeza-ele-nao-sem-duvida}}</ref> |
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The campaign was marked by political violence, with Bolsonaro being a victim of a [[stabbing]] attack at a campaign rally in [[Minas Gerais]]<ref name="Londono182">{{cite news|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|date=6 September 2018|title=Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally|language=en|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html|url-status=live|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907010028/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html|archive-date=7 September 2018}}</ref> and supporters of both Haddad and Bolsonaro falling victim to politically-motivated attacks.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=de 2018|first1=Eliana Alves CruzEliana Alves Cruz9 de Outubro|last2=18h06|title="Licença para matar" faz sua primeira vítima|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/10/09/moa-do-katende-vitima-eleicoes/|access-date=30 November 2020|website=The Intercept Brasil|language=pt}}</ref> [[Fake news]] spread on popular messaging app [[WhatsApp]] was a focal point of election coverage, with disinformation spread on the app being blamed for influencing voting intentions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Avelar|first=Daniel|date=30 October 2019|title=WhatsApp fake news during Brazil election 'favoured Bolsonaro'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/whatsapp-fake-news-brazil-election-favoured-jair-bolsonaro-analysis-suggests|access-date=30 November 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> In the first round of the election, Bolsonaro received approximately 46% of the vote to Haddad's 29%, with Ciro coming in third place with over 12% of the vote. In the second round, Bolsonaro defeated Haddad by approximately ten percentage points, with the deputy receiving over 55% of the vote to less than 45% for Haddad. Bolsonaro took office on 1 January 2019 as President of Brazil. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The [[Brazilian general election |
The [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014 elections]] saw [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] candidate [[Dilma Rousseff]] reelected as President in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating [[Aécio Neves]] of the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]] who received 48.4% of the vote.<ref name=":0" /> Rousseff had first been elected in the [[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010 elections]], succeeding her political mentor, [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], who was in office from 2003 until 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/27/world/americas/brazilian-presidential-election.html|title=Brazil Stays With Rousseff as President After Turbulent Campaign|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 October 2014|last1=Romero|first1=Simon}}</ref> |
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However, on 3 December 2015, [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|impeachment proceedings against Rousseff]] were officially accepted by the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/02/brazil-dilma-rousseff-impeachment-proceedings |title=Brazil opens impeachment proceedings against president Dilma Rousseff |author=Jonathan Watts |work=The Guardian|date=3 December 2015 }}</ref> On 12 May 2016, the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]] temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dilma Rousseff suspended as Senate votes to impeach |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/12/americas/brazil-rousseff-impeachment-vote/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref> Vice President [[Michel Temer]], of the [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party]], assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Senate Votes to Impeach President Dilma Rousseff |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/brazil-senate-votes-impeach-president-dilma-rousseff-n572606|agency=[[NBC News]] |date=12 May 2016|access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/noticias/afastada-dilma-mantem-salario-alvorada-aviao-e-assessores/ |title=Afastada, Dilma mantém salário, Alvorada, avião e assessores |work=Congresso em Foco |date=12 May 2016 |language=pt}}</ref> On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.<ref name="cnn_removal">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/31/americas/brazil-rousseff-impeachment-vote/index.html|title=Brazil's Senate ousts Rousseff in impeachment vote|author1=Catherine E. Shoichet |author2=Euan McKirdy|website=CNN|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="BBC-removed">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37237513|title=Brazil President Dilma Rousseff removed from office by Senate|work=BBC News|date=1 September 2016|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref> Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/01/world/americas/brazil-impeachment-coup.html|title=All Impeachments Are Political. But Was Brazil's Something More Sinister?|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 2016|last1=Taub|first1=Amanda}}</ref> Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th [[President of Brazil]]. His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and heated political periods of modern Brazilian history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-impeachment-idUSKCN114071|title=Brazil's Rousseff ousted by Senate, Temer sworn in|date=1 September 2016|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> |
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Temer was barred from running for a full term in 2018. He had been convicted of campaign law violations in 2016, and was banned from holding any political office for eight years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/06/03/credibility-of-brazils-interim-president-collapses-receives-8-year-ban-on-running/|title=Credibility of Brazil's Interim President Collapses as He Receives 8-Year Ban on Running for Office|work=[[The Intercept]]|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|date=3 June 2016|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref> He was likely ineligible for a full term in any case due to the manner in which constitutional provisions on term limits are worded. The constitution stipulates that if the Vice President becomes Acting President for any reason, it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. This applies even when the Vice President becomes Acting President whenever the President is abroad. |
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However, on 3 December 2015, [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|impeachment proceedings against Rousseff]] were officially accepted by the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/02/brazil-dilma-rousseff-impeachment-proceedings |title=Brazil opens impeachment proceedings against president Dilma Rousseff |author=Jonathan Watts |work=The Guardian}}</ref> On 12 May 2016, the [[Federal Senate]] temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dilma Rousseff suspended as Senate votes to impeach |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/12/americas/brazil-rousseff-impeachment-vote/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=12 May 2016}}</ref> Vice President [[Michel Temer]], of the [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party]], assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil's Senate Votes to Impeach President Dilma Rousseff |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/brazil-senate-votes-impeach-president-dilma-rousseff-n572606|agency=[[NBC News]] |date=12 May 2016|accessdate=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/noticias/afastada-dilma-mantem-salario-alvorada-aviao-e-assessores/ |title=Afastada, Dilma mantém salário, Alvorada, avião e assessores |work=Congresso em Foco |language=Portuguese}}</ref> On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.<ref name="cnn_removal">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/31/americas/brazil-rousseff-impeachment-vote/index.html|title=Brazil's Senate ousts Rousseff in impeachment vote|last=CNN|first=Catherine E. Shoichet and Euan McKirdy|website=CNN|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="BBC-removed">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37237513|title=Brazil President Dilma Rousseff removed from office by Senate|work=BBC News|date=September 1, 2016|accessdate=September 1, 2016}}</ref> Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état, since the budgetary adjustments happened in her first term, and not after her re-election. Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th [[President of Brazil]]. His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and politically-heated periods of modern Brazilian history. |
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==Electoral system== |
==Electoral system== |
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[[File:Line for election (first round) at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (20181007-190650).jpg|thumb|Voters lined up waiting for their turn to vote in [[Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul]]]] |
[[File:Line for election (first round) at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (20181007-190650).jpg|thumb|Voters lined up waiting for their turn to vote in [[Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul]]]] |
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Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age |
Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and [[Compulsory voting|mandatory]] for those between 18 and 70 years of age.<ref>[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm Constitution of Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121091321/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm |date=21 January 2012 }}, art. 14. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being away from their voting location at the time) must pay a fine of 3.51 [[Brazilian real|BRL]] (equivalent to 0.90 [[United States dollar|USD]] in October 2018).<ref>[http://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor-e-eleicoes/servicos/justificativa-eleitoral Voting justification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414164549/http://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor-e-eleicoes/servicos/justificativa-eleitoral |date=14 April 2018 }}, [[Superior Electoral Court]]. {{in lang|pt}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tre-sp.jus.br/eleicoes/eleitor/tira-duvidas Answers to doubts from voters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005072134/http://www.tre-sp.jus.br/eleicoes/eleitor/tira-duvidas |date=5 October 2018 }}, Regional Electoral Court of São Paulo. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/10/07/brasileiros-votam-no-exterior.ghtml|title=Brasileiros votam no exterior|website=G1}}</ref> |
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===Presidential elections=== |
===Presidential elections=== |
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The [[President of Brazil|President]] and the [[Vice President of Brazil]] are elected using the [[two-round system]]. Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency, and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday in October (in this instance, 7 October 2018).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/brazil/100.htm|title=Brazil - The Electoral System|website=countrystudies.us}}</ref> |
The [[President of Brazil|President]] and the [[Vice President of Brazil]] are elected using the [[two-round system]]. Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency, and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday in October (in this instance, 7 October 2018).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/brazil/100.htm|title=Brazil - The Electoral System|website=countrystudies.us}}</ref> Candidates receiving more than 50% of the overall vote are declared elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday in October (in this instance, 28 October 2018). In the second round, only the two most-voted candidates from the first round may participate. The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil. Candidates for President run for office jointly with a candidate for Vice-President, and the Vice-President is elected as a consequence of the election of the President.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tse.jus.br/o-tse/escola-judiciaria-eleitoral/publicacoes/revistas-da-eje/artigos/revista-eletronica-eje-n.-6-ano-3/quando-afinal-ha-segundo-turno-em-uma-eleicao|title=Quando, afinal, há segundo turno em uma eleição?|website=www.tse.jus.br|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214163850/http://www.tse.jus.br/o-tse/escola-judiciaria-eleitoral/publicacoes/revistas-da-eje/artigos/revista-eletronica-eje-n.-6-ano-3/quando-afinal-ha-segundo-turno-em-uma-eleicao|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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===Gubernatorial elections=== |
===Gubernatorial elections=== |
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{{main|Brazilian gubernatorial elections |
{{main|2018 Brazilian gubernatorial elections}} |
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The Governors and Vice Governors of all [[States of Brazil|states]] and of the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] |
The Governors and Vice Governors of all [[States of Brazil|states]] and of the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] are elected in the same way as the president, using two rounds of voting if necessary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/treze-estados-e-o-df-tem-eleicao-de-governador-veja-os-candidatos|title=Treze estados e o DF têm eleição de governador; veja os candidatos|date=28 October 2018}}</ref> |
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===Congressional elections=== |
===Congressional elections=== |
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====Federal Senate elections==== |
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In 2018, two-thirds of the 81 members of the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]] were elected for a term of 8 years in office, the other third having been elected in [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]. Two candidates will be elected from each of the [[States of Brazil|states]] and Federal District using majority block voting, with voters able to cast two votes each.<ref name="IPU">[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2044_B.htm Federal Senate electoral system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920040313/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2044_B.htm |date=20 September 2015 }}, [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]].</ref> |
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====Chamber of Deputies elections==== |
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All 513 members of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (federal deputies) are elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District, varying in size from eight to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using [[open list]] [[proportional representation]], with seats allocated using the simple quotient.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2043_B.htm Chamber of Deputies electoral system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519054518/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2043_B.htm |date=19 May 2015 }}, [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]].</ref> |
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===Legislative Assemblies elections=== |
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All |
All members of the [[Legislative Assemblies of Brazilian states|State Legislative Assemblies]] (state deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (district deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using [[open list]] [[proportional representation]], with seats allocated using the simple quotient.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Farina | first1=Erik | title=Senado, Câmara e assembleias: saiba como funcionam as casas do Legislativo | url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/politica/eleicoes/noticia/2018/09/senado-camara-e-assembleias-saiba-como-funcionam-as-casas-do-legislativo-cjm0yiig302zb01mnxkxyt2yv.html | date=13 September 2018 | publisher=Gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br | access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> |
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==Presidential candidates== |
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=== Legislative Assemblies elections === |
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===Candidates in runoff=== |
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All members of the [[Legislative Assemblies of Brazilian states|State Legislative Assemblies]] (state deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (district deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using [[open list]] [[proportional representation]], with seats allocated using the simple quotient. |
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{| class="vertical-align-top wikitable" |
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! scope=colgroup colspan=2 | Party |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! scope=colgroup colspan=2 | Presidential candidate |
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|+Number of federal and state/district deputies per state/district<ref>[http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/estatisticas/estatisticas-eleitorais Electoral statistics], [[Superior Electoral Court]]. {{pt icon}}</ref> |
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! scope=colgroup colspan=2 | Vice presidential candidate{{efn|name=vp|Same party as the presidential candidate, unless mentioned in parentheses}} |
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!State or district |
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! scope=col | Coalition |
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!Federal deputies |
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!State or district deputies |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Acre (state)|Acre]] || 8 || 24 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:PT (Brazil) logo.svg|75px]]<br />'''[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]'''<br />(PT{{nbsp}}13) |
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| [[File:Fernando Haddad Prefeito 2016 (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Fernando Haddad]] |
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| '''[[Fernando Haddad]]''' ([[Fernando Haddad 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]])<br />[[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] (2013–2017)<br />[[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] (2005–2012) |
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| [[File:Manuela d'Ávila em setembro de 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px|Manuela d'Ávila]] |
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| '''[[Manuela d'Ávila]]''' ([[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]])<br />[[Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul|State Deputy]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (2015–2019)<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (2007–2015) |
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| The People Happy Again: |
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* [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] |
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* [[Communist Party of Brazil]] (PCdoB) |
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* [[Republican Party of the Social Order]] (PROS) |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Social Liberal Party (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Alagoas]] || 9 || 27 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Partido Social Liberal logo.svg|75px]]<br />'''[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]]'''<br />(PSL{{nbsp}}17) |
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|- |
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| [[File:Jair Bolsonaro em 24 de abril de 2019 (1; recorte III).jpg|134x134px|Jair Bolsonaro]] |
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|[[Amapá]] || 8 || 24 |
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| '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ([[Jair Bolsonaro 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]])<br >[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (1991–2019) |
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|- |
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| [[File:Hamilton Mourão, vice-presidente do Brasil (cropped).jpg|100px|Hamilton Mourão]] |
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|[[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] || 8 || 24 |
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| '''[[Hamilton Mourão]]''' ([[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]]) |
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|- |
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| Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone: |
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|[[Bahia]] || 39 || 63 |
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* [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]] (PSL) |
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|- |
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* [[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party]] (PRTB) |
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|[[Ceará]] || 22 || 46 |
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| |
|} |
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|[[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] || 8 || 24 |
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===Candidates failing to make runoff=== |
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|- |
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{| class="vertical-align-top wikitable" |
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|[[Espírito Santo]] || 10 || 30 |
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! scope=colgroup colspan=2 | Party |
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|- |
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! scope=colgroup colspan=2 | Presidential candidate |
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|[[Goiás]] || 17 || 41 |
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! scope=colgroup colspan=2 | Vice presidential candidate{{efn|name=vp|Same party as the presidential candidate, unless mentioned in parentheses}} |
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|- |
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! scope=col | Coalition |
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|[[Maranhão]] || 18 || 42 |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Mato Grosso]] || 8 || 24 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:PDT logo(1978-2018).png|75px]]<br />'''[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]'''<br />(PDT{{nbsp}}12) |
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| [[File:Ciro Gomes em 29-07-2010 (Agência Brasil) (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Ciro Gomes]] |
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| '''[[Ciro Gomes]]''' ([[Ciro Gomes 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]])<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Ceará]] (2007–2011)<br />[[Ministry of Integration and Regional Development|Minister of National Integration]] (2003–2006)<br />[[List of governors of Ceará|Governor of Ceará]] (1991–1994) |
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| [[File:Senadora Kátia Abreu Oficial.jpg|100px|Kátia Abreu]] |
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| '''[[Kátia Abreu]]'''<br />[[Ministry of Agriculture (Brazil)|Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply]] (2015–2016)<br />[[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Tocantins]] (2007–2023) |
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| Sovereign Brazil: |
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* [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]] (PDT) |
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* [[Avante (political party)|Avante]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement}} | |
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|[[Mato Grosso do Sul]] || 8 || 24 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Brazilian Democratic Movement logo.svg|75px]]<br />'''[[Brazilian Democratic Movement]]'''<br />(MDB{{nbsp}}15) |
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| [[File:Henrique Meirelles recebe o ministro das Finanças do Reino Unido - 35459912404 (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Henrique Meirelles]] |
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| '''[[Henrique Meirelles]]'''<br />[[Ministry of Finance (Brazil)|Minister of Finance]] (2016–2018)<br />[[Central Bank of Brazil|President of the Central Bank]] (2003–2011) |
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| [[File:Germano Rigotto em 2015 (cropped).jpg|100px|Germano Rigotto]] |
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| '''[[Germano Rigotto]]'''<br />[[List of governors of Rio Grande do Sul|Governor of Rio Grande do Sul]] (2003–2007) |
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| This is the Solution: |
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* [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]] (MDB) |
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* [[Humanist Party of Solidarity]] (PHS) |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|United Socialist Workers' Party}} | |
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|[[Minas Gerais]] || 53 || 77 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Logo PSTU.png|75px]]<br />'''[[United Socialist Workers' Party]]'''<br />(PSTU{{nbsp}}16) |
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| [[File:Vera Lúcia no Dia Internacional da Mulher Trabalhadora 2018 - PSTU (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Vera Lúcia Salgado]] |
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| '''[[Vera Lúcia Salgado]]''' |
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| [[File:Hertz Dias PSTU (cropped).jpg|100px|Hertz Dias]] |
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| '''Hertz Dias''' |
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| {{n/a}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Sustainability Network}} | |
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|[[Pará]] || 17 || 41 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Logomarca da Rede Sustentabilidade (REDE), do Brasil.png|75px]]<br />'''[[Sustainability Network]]'''<br />(REDE{{nbsp}}18) |
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| [[File:Marina Silva em março de 2018 (2) (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Marina Silva]] |
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| '''[[Marina Silva]]'''<br />[[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Brazil)|Minister of Environment]] (2003–2008)<br />[[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Acre (state)|Acre]] (1995–2011) |
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| [[File:Eduardo Jorge em Convenção 2018 - Vice presidente (cropped).jpg|100px|Eduardo Jorge]] |
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| '''[[Eduardo Jorge]]''' ([[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]])<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (1986–2003) |
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| United to Transform Brazil: |
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* [[Sustainability Network]] (REDE) |
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* [[Green Party (Brazil)|Green Party]] (PV) |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Podemos (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Paraíba]] || 12 || 36 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:PODEMOSLogo (from 1997 to 2022).png|75px]]<br />'''[[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]'''<br />(PODE{{nbsp}}19) |
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| [[File:Foto oficial de Álvaro Dias (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Alvaro Dias]] |
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| '''[[Alvaro Dias]]'''<br />[[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] (1999–2023) |
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| [[File:Paulo Rabello de Castro.png|100px|Paulo Rabello de Castro]] |
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| '''[[Paulo Rabello de Castro]]''' ([[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|PSC]])<br />Chair of the [[Brazilian Development Bank]] (2017–2018) |
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| Real Change: |
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* [[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]] (PODE) |
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* [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]] (PSC) |
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* [[Act (Brazil)|Christian Labour Party]] (PTC) |
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* [[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|Progressive Republican Party]] (PRP) |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] || 30 || 54 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Christian Democracy (Brazil) logo.png|75px]]<br />'''[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|Christian Democracy]]'''<br />(DC{{nbsp}}27) |
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| [[File:José Maria Eymael no senado.jpg|134x134px|José Maria Eymael]] |
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| '''[[José Maria Eymael]]'''<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (1986–1995) |
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| [[File:Caricatura do Professor Helvio Costa.tif|100px|]] |
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| '''Hélvio Costa''' |
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| {{n/a}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|New Party (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Pernambuco]] || 25 || 49 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Novo30 AOC.png|75px]]<br />'''[[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]]'''<br />(NOVO{{nbsp}}30) |
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| [[File:João Amoêdo review ContabilidadeTv (cropped).jpg|134x134px|João Amoêdo]] |
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| '''[[João Amoêdo]]''' ([[João Amoêdo 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]]) |
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| [[File:Christian Lohbauer em entrevista (cropped).png|100px|Christian Lohbauer]] |
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| '''Christian Lohbauer''' |
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| {{n/a}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Brazilian Social Democracy Party}} | |
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|[[Piauí]] || 10 || 30 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:PSDB wordmark.svg|75px]]<br />'''[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]]'''<br />(PSDB{{nbsp}}45) |
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| [[File:Geraldo Alckmin em abril de 2018.jpg|134x134px|Geraldo Alckmin]] |
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| '''[[Geraldo Alckmin]]''' ([[Geraldo Alckmin 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]])<br />[[List of governors of São Paulo|Governor of São Paulo]] (2003–2006; 2011–2018) |
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| [[File:Foto oficial de Ana Amélia Lemos.jpg|100px|Ana Amélia Lemos]] |
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| '''[[Ana Amélia Lemos]]''' ([[Progressistas|PP]])<br />[[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (2011–2019) |
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| To Unite Brazil: |
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* [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]] (PSDB) |
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* [[Progressistas]] (PP) |
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* [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] (DEM) |
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* [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Party of the Republic]] (PR) |
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* [[Republicans (Brazil)|Brazilian Republican Party]] (PRB) |
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* [[Solidarity (Brazil)|Solidariedade]] |
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* [[Brazilian Labour Party (1981)|Brazilian Labour Party]] (PTB) |
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* [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD) |
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* [[Cidadania|Popular Socialist Party]] (PPS) |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Socialism and Liberty Party}} | |
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|[[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] || 46 || 70 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:PSOL logo brazil.png|75px]]<br />'''[[Socialism and Liberty Party]]'''<br />(PSOL{{nbsp}}50) |
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| [[File:Sâmia Bomfim e Boulos (cropped 2).jpg|134x134px|Guilherme Boulos]] |
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| '''[[Guilherme Boulos]]''' ([[Guilherme Boulos 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]]) |
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| [[File:Sônia Guajajara (cropped).jpg|100px|Sônia Guajajara]] |
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| '''[[Sônia Guajajara]]''' |
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| Let's Go Without Fear of Changing Brazil: |
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* [[Socialism and Liberty Party]] (PSOL) |
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* [[Brazilian Communist Party]] (PCB) |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Patriota}} | |
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|[[Rio Grande do Norte]] || 8 || 24 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Logotipo do partido Patriota.svg|75px]]<br />'''[[Patriota]]'''<br />(Patriota{{nbsp}}51) |
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| [[File:Deputados cabo Daciolo (PSOL-RJ) e Marcos Reategui (PSC-AP) participam do programa Brasil em Debate (cropped).jpg|134x134px|Cabo Daciolo]] |
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| '''[[Cabo Daciolo]]'''<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2015–2019) |
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| [[File:Suelene Balduino Nascimento.jpg|100px|Suelene Balduino]] |
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| '''Suelene Balduino''' |
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| {{n/a}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=background:{{party color|Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)}} | |
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|[[Rio Grande do Sul]] || 31 || 55 |
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| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.3" | [[File:Logotipo - Partido Pátria Livre (Brasil).png|75px]]<br />'''[[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|Free Fatherland Party]]'''<br />(PPL{{nbsp}}54) |
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|- |
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| [[File:João Vicente Goulart sobre exumação (cropped).jpg|134x134px|João Goulart Filho]] |
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|[[Rondônia]] || 8 || 24 |
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| '''[[João Goulart Filho]]''' ([[João Goulart Filho 2018 presidential campaign|campaign]]) |
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|- |
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| [[File:2018 LEO DA SILVA ALVES CANDIDATO VICE-PRESIDENTE TSE (280000624083).jpg|100px|Léo Alves]] |
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|[[Roraima]] || 8 || 24 |
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| '''Léo Alves''' |
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|- |
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| {{n/a}} |
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|[[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] || 16 || 40 |
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|- |
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|[[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] || 70 || 94 |
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|- |
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|[[Sergipe]] || 8 || 24 |
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|- |
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|[[Tocantins]] || 8 || 24 |
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|} |
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===Lost in primaries or conventions=== |
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==Presidential candidates== |
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====Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)==== |
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===Confirmed candidates=== |
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* [[Arthur Virgílio Neto]], Mayor of [[Manaus]] (1989–1992, 2013–2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://josiasdesouza.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2017/12/22/alckmin-e-virgilio-se-enfrentarao-em-5-debates/|title=Alckmin e Virgílio se enfrentarão em 5 debates|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Josias|last=de Souza|date=22 December 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/02/23/interna_politica,939836/arthur-virgilio-desiste-de-previa-com-alckmin-e-o-chama-de-cinico.shtml|title=Arthur Virgílio desiste de prévia com Alckmin e o chama de cínico|publisher=EM|language=pt|date=23 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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====Democrats (DEM)==== |
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* [[Ronaldo Caiado]], [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Goiás]] (2015–2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/senador-ronaldo-caiado-lidera-corrida-pelo-governo-de-goias-2/|title=Senador Ronaldo Caiado lidera disputa pelo Governo de Goiás|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|first=Douglas|last=Rodrigues|date=13 December 2017|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Antônio Carlos Magalhães Neto]], Mayor of [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] (2013–2022); President of the [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] (2018–)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atarde.uol.com.br/coluna/tempopresente/1933331-numeros-indicam-disputa-acirrada-entre-rui-costa-e-acm-neto-nas-eleicoes-2018-premium|title=Números indicam disputa acirrada entre Rui Costa e ACM Neto nas eleições 2018|publisher=A Tarde|language=pt|date=3 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-date=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328232007/http://atarde.uol.com.br/coluna/tempopresente/1933331-numeros-indicam-disputa-acirrada-entre-rui-costa-e-acm-neto-nas-eleicoes-2018-premium|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* [[Mendonça Filho]], [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] (2016–2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eleicoes.uol.com.br/2018/noticias/agencia-estado/2018/02/21/mendonca-filho-diz-que-deixara-governo-ate-abril-para-disputar-eleicoes.htm|title=Mendonça Filho diz que deixará governo até abril para disputar eleições|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Eduardo|last=Rodrigues|date=21 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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====Party of National Mobilization (PMN)==== |
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* [[Valéria Monteiro]], journalist, model, actress, and television presenter<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/eleicoes-pmn-e-avante-realizam-convencao-sem-lancar-candidatura-propria/|title=Eleições: PMN e Avante realizam convenção sem lançar candidatura própria|date=21 July 2018|website=Poder360|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2018-07-21/valeria-monteiro-eleicoes-pmn.html|title=Valéria Monteiro é rejeitada como candidata à Presidência do PMN|publisher=Último Segundo|language=pt|author=iG São Paulo|date=21 July 2018|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> |
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====Social Democratic Party (PSD)==== |
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* [[Guilherme Afif Domingos]], former Vice Governor of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (2011–15)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/confederacao-defende-lancar-afif-para-o-planalto.shtml|title=Confederação defende lançar Afif para o Planalto|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|trans-title=Confederation defends launchig Afif for Planalto|date=12 March 2018|access-date=15 April 2018|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2018-07-21/valeria-monteiro-eleicoes-pmn.html|title=Valéria Monteiro é rejeitada como candidata à presidência do PMN - Política - iG|trans-title=Valéria Monteiro rejected as PMN presidential candidate|publisher=Jornal do Brasil|language=pt|author=JB|date=28 July 2018|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> |
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====Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)==== |
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* [[Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Jr.]], economist and professor at [[University of Campinas]];<ref name="PSOL2">{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/psol-oficializa-boulos-como-pre-candidato-a-presidencia.shtml|title=PSOL oficializa Boulos como pré-candidato à Presidência|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|date=10 March 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> son of late [[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]] nominee [[Plínio de Arruda Sampaio]]. |
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* [[Hamilton Assis]], former leader of [[Central Única dos Trabalhadores]] of [[Bahia]] (1993–1996)<ref name=PSOL2/> |
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* [[Nildo Ouriques]], economist and professor at [[Federal University of Santa Catarina|UFSC]]<ref name=PSOL2/> |
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* [[Sônia Guajajara]], indigenous activist and militant ecosocialist<ref name=PSOL2/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,psol-confirma-boulos-como-candidato-a-presidencia,70002409952|title=PSOL confirma Boulos como candidato à Presidência|newspaper=Estadão|language=pt|first=Renato|last=Onofre|date=21 July 2018|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> |
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;Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) |
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*[[Roberto Requião]], [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] (1995–2002 and 2011–2023)<ref name="Requiao">{{Cite news|url=https://odia.ig.com.br/colunas/informe-do-dia/2018/03/5524503-o-substituto-de-lula.html|title=Novo nome ganha forca no PT para substituir Lula na eleição|work=O Dia – Informe do Dia|access-date=2 August 2018|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://odia.ig.com.br/colunas/informe-do-dia/2018/03/5524503-o-substituto-de-lula.html|title=Novo nome ganha força no PT para substituir Lula na eleição|work=O Dia – Informe do Dia|access-date=2 August 2018|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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* [[Germano Rigotto]], former [[List of Governors of Rio Grande do Sul|Governor of Rio Grande do Sul]] (2003–07)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/rigotto-sinaliza-candidatura-a-presidencia-em-2018-durante-convencao-do-pmdb/|title=Rigotto sinaliza candidatura à Presidência em 2018 durante convenção do PMDB|publisher=Sul 21|language=pt|date=27 March 2017|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811184303/https://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/rigotto-sinaliza-candidatura-a-presidencia-em-2018-durante-convencao-do-pmdb/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://independente.com.br/germano-rigotto-estuda-candidatura-do-senado-nas-eleicoes-de-outubro/|title=Germano Rigotto estuda candidatura do Senado nas eleições de outubro|publisher=Grupo Independente|language=pt|date=23 January 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB) |
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*[[Levy Fidelix]], President of the [[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]] (1994–) and nominee for President in [[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]] and [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]<ref name="Levymael">{{cite news|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,eymael-e-levy-fidelix-querem-ser-o-novo-em-mais-uma-eleicao-para-presidente,70002115439|title=Eymael e Levy Fidelix querem ser o "novo" em mais uma eleição para presidente|last=Amendola|first=Gilberto|date=11 December 2017|newspaper=Estadão|language=pt|access-date=21 December 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Antônio Hamilton Mourão]], Brazilian Army general<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/05/general-mourao-filia-se-ao-prtb-e-pode-ser-candidato-a-presidente-pelo-partido.shtml|title=General Mourão filia-se ao PRTB e pode ser candidato a presidente pelo party|last=Mantovani|first=Kelly|date=8 May 2018|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> |
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;Brazilian Republican Party (PRB) |
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* [[Flávio Rocha]], CEO and Chairman of [[Lojas Riachuelo]] (2005–) and former [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio Grande do Norte]] (1987–95)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/eleicoes/ser-vice-nao-e-meu-projeto-diz-flavio-rocha-ao-desistir-de-candidatura,94ff8bd367d882433dca8fc5d8822a051vkcay8e.html|title=Flávio Rocha desiste de candidatura à Presidência|last=Venceslau|first=Pedro|date=13 July 2018|website=Terra|access-date=13 July 2018}}</ref> |
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;Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) |
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* [[João Doria]], former [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] (2017–18)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jornalivre.com/2017/02/17/apos-milagres-em-sao-paulo-joao-doria-ja-comeca-a-ser-cogitado-para-a-presidencia-da-republica/|title=Após milagres em São Paulo, João Dória já começa a se cogitado para a presidência da República|publisher=Jornalivre|language=pt-br|date=17 February 2017|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/11/1937126-doria-recua-do-planalto-e-mira-governo-de-sao-paulo.shtml|title=Dória recua do Planalto e mira governo de São Paulo|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first=Thais|last=Bilenky|date=22 November 2017|access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Aécio Neves]], [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Minas Gerais]] (2010–2018) and nominee for President in [[2014 Brazilian presidential election|2014]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/02/psdb-decide-disputar-governo-de-mg-para-aecio-tentar-a-reeleicao.shtml|title=PSDB decide disputar governo do MG para Aécio tentar a reeleição|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first=Ranier|last=Bragon|date=20 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[José Serra]], [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] (1996–1998, 2002–03, 2015–16 and 2017–2023) and nominee for President in [[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]] and [[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/01/1951611-serra-afirma-que-nao-sera-candidato-na-eleicao-deste-ano.shtml|title=Serra afirma que não será candidato na eleição deste ano|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|date=18 January 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) |
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* [[Joaquim Barbosa]], former Minister of the [[Supreme Federal Court]] (2003–14)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,joaquim-barbosa-confirma-que-nao-sera-candidato-a-presidencia,70002299558|title=Joaquim Barbosa confirma que não será candidato à Presidência|date=8 May 2018|website=Estadão|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref> |
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;Christian Labour Party (PTC) |
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* [[Fernando Collor de Mello]], former [[President of Brazil]] (1990–92) and [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Alagoas]] (2007–2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/collor-anuncia-pre-candidatura-a-presidencia-da-republica/|title=Collor anuncia pré-candidatura à Presidência da República|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Guilherme|last=Venaglia|date=19 January 2018|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/06/26/fernando-collor-fica-fora-da-disputa-a-presidencia.htm|title=PTC desiste de candidatura, e Collor fica fora da disputa à Presidência|last=Garcia|first=Daniela|date=25 June 2018|website=UOL|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/07/ptc-descarta-candidatura-de-collor-a-presidencia.shtml|title=PTC descarta candidatura de Collor à Presidência|last=Vettorazzo|first=Lucas|date=28 July 2018|website=Folha de S.Paulo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010202144500/http://www.se/|archive-date=2 February 2001|url-status=dead|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> |
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;Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) |
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*[[Manuela d'Ávila]], former [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for Rio Grande do Sul (2007–2015)<ref name=":27">{{Cite news|url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/08/06/politica/1533509037_182349.html|title=Haddad, vice e plano B de Lula, ganha reforço de Manuela D'Ávila no último minuto|last=Marreiro|first=Ricardo Della Coletta, Afonso Benites, Flávia|date=6 August 2018|work=EL PAÍS|access-date=6 August 2018|language=pt-br}}</ref> |
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* [[Flávio Dino]], [[List of Governors of Maranhão|Governor of Maranhão]] (2015–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revistaforum.com.br/oito-meses-da-eleicao-pesquisa-aponta-vitoria-de-flavio-dino-no-primeiro-turno-no-maranhao/|title=A oito meses da eleição, pesquisa aponta vitória de Flávio Dino no primeiro turno no Maranhão|publisher=Revista Fórum|language=pt|date=15 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Democrats (DEM) |
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* [[Rodrigo Maia]], [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] (2016–) and [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for Rio Grande do Sul (1999–)<ref name=DEM>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/rodrigo-maia-sobre-2018-meu-nome-e-1-dos-4-fortes-do-dem-para-o-planalto/|title=Rodrigo Maia sobre 2018: "meu nome é 1 dos 4 mais fortes do DEM" para o Planalto|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|first=Naomi|last=Matsui|date=29 December 2017|access-date=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="MaiaAldo">{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/maia-traca-roteiro-para-disputar-planalto.shtml|title=Maia traça roteiro para disputar Planalto|last=Carvalho|first=Daniel|date=4 March 2018|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="Centrão"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/eleicoes2018/blog/eleicoes-2018/rodrigo-maia-desiste-de-ser-candidato-a-presidencia-nas-eleicoes|title=Rodrigo Maia desiste de ser candidato à Presidência nas eleições|publisher=RedeTV!|language=pt|date=23 July 2018|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=23 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723200521/http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/eleicoes2018/blog/eleicoes-2018/rodrigo-maia-desiste-de-ser-candidato-a-presidencia-nas-eleicoes|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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;Green Party (PV) |
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* [[Eduardo Jorge]], former [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for São Paulo (1987–2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conexaoto.com.br/2017/02/17/ciro-gomes-anuncia-candidatura-para-2018-nao-deixarei-ninguem-fazer-um-golpe-comigo|title=Ciro Gomes anuncia candidatura para 2018: "Não deixarei ninguém fazer um golpe comigo"|date=17 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pvsp.org.br/index.php/ultimas-noticias/item/4222-eduardo-jorge-deve-disputar-mandato-para-deputado-estadual.html|title=Eduardo Jorge deve disputar mandato para deputado estadual|publisher=Partido Verde de São Paulo|language=pt|date=9 July 2018|access-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719175635/http://www.pvsp.org.br/index.php/ultimas-noticias/item/4222-eduardo-jorge-deve-disputar-mandato-para-deputado-estadual.html|archive-date=19 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/eduardo-jorge-sera-vice-de-marina-silva-confirma-presidente-do-pv.shtml|title=Eduardo Jorge será vice de Marina Silva, confirma presidente do PV|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first=Joelmir|last=Tavares|date=2 August 2018|access-date=2 August 2018}}</ref> |
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;Party of the Republic (PR) |
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*Josué Gomes, President of the Coteminas Company<ref name="Centrão"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.otempo.com.br/capa/pol%C3%ADtica/josu%C3%A9-alencar-%C3%A9-disputado-por-quatro-partidos-para-as-elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es-de-2018-1.1606275|title=Josué Alencar é disputado por quatro partidos para as eleições de 2018 |date=1 May 2018|work=Política|access-date=9 June 2018|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,josue-gomes-se-coloca-a-disposicao-do-pr-para-ser-candidato,70002329909|title=Josué Gomes se coloca à disposição do PR para ser candidato – Política – Estadão|work=Estadão|access-date=9 June 2018|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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* [[Magno Malta]], [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for [[Espírito Santo]] (2003–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/potencial-vice-de-bolsonaro-magno-malta-quer-multiplicar-bancada-religiosa.shtml|title=Potencial vice de Bolsonaro, Magno Malta quer multiplicar bancada religiosa|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|date=9 March 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Patriota (PATRI) |
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*[[Roberto M. Rey Jr.|Roberto Rey]], former Vice President of PATRI (2015–17)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vejasp.abril.com.br/cidades/dr-rey-desiste-de-concorrer-a-presidencia-da-republica/|title=Dr. Rey desiste de concorrer à presidência da República|publisher=Veja São Paulo|access-date=7 April 2018|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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;Popular Socialist Party (PPS) |
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* [[Cristovam Buarque]], [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senator]] for the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] (2003–2019) and nominee for President in [[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/distrito-federal/noticia/cristovam-buarque-anuncia-licenca-do-mandato-de-senador-para-avaliar-candidatura-a-presidencia.ghtml|title=Cristovam Buarque anuncia licença do mandato de senador para avaliar candidatura à Presidência|publisher=G1|language=pt|first=Gustavo|last=Garcia|date=13 November 2017|access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/descartando-filiacao-de-huck-pps-aprova-posicao-de-apoio-a-alckmin.shtml|title=Descartando filiação de Huck, PPS aprova posição de apoio a Alckmin|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first1=Thais|last1=Bilenky|first2=Joelmir|last2=Tavares|date=26 March 2018|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Progressive Party (PP) |
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* [[Blairo Maggi]], [[Ministry of Agriculture (Brazil)|Minister of Agriculture]] (2016-)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/mt/mato-grosso/noticia/blairo-maggi-anuncia-que-nao-vai-disputar-eleicao-em-2018-e-diz-que-nao-teme-perder-o-foro-privilegiado.ghtml|title=Blairo Maggi anuncia que não vai disputar eleição em 2018 e diz que não teme perder o foro privilegiado|publisher=G1|language=pt|first=Tiago|last=Terclotty|date=26 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Social Christian Party (PSC) |
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*[[Paulo Rabello de Castro]], former President of the [[Brazilian Development Bank]] (2017–18) and the [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]] (2016–17)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/01/psc-desiste-de-ter-candidato-proprio-a-prtesidente-e-indica-paulo-rabello-de-castro-para-vice-de-alvaro-dias.ghtml|title=PSC desiste de ter candidato próprio a presidente e indica Paulo Rabello de Castro para vice de Alvaro Dias|last=Maia|first=Gustavo|date=1 August 2018|publisher=G1|language=pt|access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref> |
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;Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) |
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* [[Chico Alencar]], [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2003–)<ref name=PSOL/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,chico-alencar-desiste-de-disputar-a-presidencia-e-vai-se-lancar-ao-senado-em-2018,70002050057|title=Chico Alencar desiste de disputar a Presidência e vai se lançar ao Senado em 2018|newspaper=Estadão|language=pt|first=Isadora|last=Peron|date=17 October 2017|access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Marcelo Freixo]], [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro|State Deputy]] of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (2007–)<ref name=PSOL/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2017/12/22/ainda-pequeno-psol-ganha-25-mil-filiados-em-um-ano-e-quer-dobrar-bancada-na-camara.htm|title=Ainda "pequeno", PSOL ganha 25 mil filiados em um ano e quer dobrar bancada na Câmara|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Gustavo|last=Maia|date=22 December 2017|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Luciana Genro]], former [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (2003–11) and nominee for President in [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]<ref name=PSOL>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/maquiavel/luciana-genro-desiste-e-psol-pode-lancar-chico-alencar-para-2018/|title=Luciana Genro desiste, e PSOL pode lançar Chico Alencar para 2018|publisher=Veja|language=pt|date=6 April 2017|access-date=7 June 2017|trans-title=Luciana Genro gives up, and PSOL can launch Chico Alencar for 2018}}</ref> |
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;Solidarity (SD) |
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* [[Aldo Rebelo]], former [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] (2005–2007) and member of the [[Dilma Rousseff|Rousseff]] cabinet (2011–16)<ref name=MaiaAldo/><ref name="Centrão">{{cite web|url=http://www.band.com.br/noticias/eleicoes/conteudo.asp?ID=100000924290&t=cupula-do-centrao-fecha-apoio-a-alckmin-nas-eleicoes-2018|publisher=Band|title=Cúpula do Centrão fecha apoio a Alckmin nas eleições 2018|author=Mauricio Lima|date=19 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,paulinho-da-forca-pensamos-em-lancar-aldo-rebelo-a-presidencia,70002265988|title=Paulinho da Força: 'Pensamos em lançar Aldo Rebelo à Presidência'|last=Peron|first=Isadora|date=12 April 2018|website=Folha de S.Paulo|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2018/04/16/sd-oficializa-aldo-como-nome-a-presidencia-com-promessa-de-pacificar-esquerda-e-direita.htm|title=SD oficializa Aldo como nome à Presidência com promessa de 'pacificar esquerda e direita'|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Janaina|last=Garcia|trans-title=SD officializes Aldo candidate for the Presidency with promise to 'pacify left and right-wings'|date=16 April 2018|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/07/26/apos-apoio-do-centrao-a-alckmin-aldo-rebelo-desiste-de-candidatura.htm|title=Apõs apoio do centrão a Alckmin, Aldo Rebelo desiste de candidatura|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Gustavo|last=Maia|date=26 July 2018|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> |
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;Workers' Party (PT) |
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* [[Fernando Pimentel]], [[Governor of Minas Gerais]] (2015–)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.r7.com/blogs/helcio-zolini/eleicao-2018-pimentel-lidera-corrida-para-o-governo-de-minas-kalil-aparece-em-segundo-20171009/|title=Eleições 2018: Pimentel lidera corrida para o governo de Minas; Kalil aparece em segundo|publisher=R7|language=pt|first=Hélcio|last=Zolini|date=9 October 2017|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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;Other |
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* [[Silvio Santos]], Owner of [[Grupo Silvio Santos]] (1958–)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entretenimento.r7.com/famosos-e-tv/silvio-santos-pode-se-candidatar-a-presidencia-do-brasil-em-2018-diz-jornal-22122016|title=Silvio Santos pode se candidatar à presidência do Brasil em 2018, diz jornal – Entretenimento – R7 Famosos e TV|website=R7|date=22 December 2016 |language=pt-br|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Pedro Parente]], former President of [[Petrobras]] (2016–18)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar/mesmo-com-pedido-de-fh-parente-deve-negar-candidatura/|title=Mesmo com pedido de FH, Parente deve negar candidatura|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Mauricio|last=Lima|date=25 February 2018|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Roberto Justus]], television presenter and Chairman of Grupo Newcomm (1998–)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/colunas/flavio-ricco/2016/12/17/roberto-justus-aparece-como-candidato-a-presidencia-me-festa-da-record.htm|title=Roberto Justus aparece como candidato à Presidência em festa da Record|access-date=12 February 2017|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar-on-line/roberto-justus-poe-projeto-politico-na-geladeira/|publisher=Veja|title=Roberto Justus põe projeto político na geladeira|author=Mauricio Lima|date=27 January 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Luciano Huck]], television presenter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/coluna-do-estadao/huck-desiste-de-disputar-eleicao-presidencial/|title=Huck desiste de disputar eleição presidencial}}</ref> |
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* [[Luís Roberto Barroso]], Minister of the [[Supreme Federal Court]] (2013-)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/maquiavel/ministro-barroso-nega-intencao-de-ser-candidato-em-2018/|title=Ministro Barroso nega intenção de ser candidato em 2018|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Laryssa|last=Borges|date=15 November 2017|access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> |
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{{hidden end}} |
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==Campaign== |
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===Rejection of Lula's candidacy for re-re-election=== |
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On 1 September, the [[Superior Electoral Court]] voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy for what would be his third term based on the [[Ficha Limpa|Lei da Ficha Limpa]] and his [[conviction]] on [[corruption]] charges, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition "''The People Happy Again''" and the candidacy of Fernando Haddad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2018/Setembro/tse-indefere-pedido-de-registro-de-candidatura-de-lula-a-presidencia-da-republica|title=TSE indefere pedido de registro de canddidatura de Lula à Presidência da República|publisher=Tribunal Superior Eleitoral|language=pt|date=1 September 2018|access-date=9 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014646/http://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2018/Setembro/tse-indefere-pedido-de-registro-de-candidatura-de-lula-a-presidencia-da-republica|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced former presidential candidate [[Manuela d'Ávila]] as his running mate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/pt-aprova-haddad-para-substituir-lula-como-candidato-a-presidencia/|title=PT aprova Haddad para substituir Lula como candidato à Presidência|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Eduardo|last=Gonçalves|date=11 September 2018|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref> |
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===Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro=== |
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[[File:Bolsonaro é esfaqueado (2).jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro being stabbed at a [[Juiz de Fora]] rally]] |
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[[Jair Bolsonaro]] was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of [[Juiz de Fora]], [[Minas Gerais]] and interacting with supporters.<ref name="Londono18">{{cite news |last1=Londoño |first1=Ernesto |title=Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html |access-date=6 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=6 September 2018 }}</ref> Bolsonaro's son, [[Flávio Bolsonaro|Flávio]], stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.<ref name="Phillips18">{{cite news |last1=Phillips |first1=Dom |title=Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right presidential hopeful stabbed at campaign rally |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/brazil-jair-bolsonaro-far-right-presidential-candidate-stabbed |access-date=6 September 2018 |work=the Guardian |date=6 September 2018 }}</ref> Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".<ref name="SaveresePrengaman18">{{cite news |last1=Savarese |first1=Mauricio |last2=Prengaman |first2=Peter |title=Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro stabbed during event |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-during-event/2018/09/06/d4f13876-b20c-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031937/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-during-event/2018/09/06/d4f13876-b20c-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=6 September 2018 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=6 September 2018 }}</ref> Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seemed worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.<ref name="Londono18" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/FlavioBolsonaro/status/1037808900660256773|title=Flávio Bolsonaro 177 Senador_RJ Verified account|last=Flávio|first=Bolsonaro|date=6 September 2018|website=Twitter|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Savarese |first1=Mauricio |last2=Prengaman |first2=Peter |title=Brazilian candidate Jair Bolsonaro stabbed during event |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-event-57652075 |access-date=6 September 2018 |work=ABC News |date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906232058/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-event-57652075 |archive-date=6 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of the other candidates in the presidential race as well as and the then-Brazilian president, [[Michel Temer]], condemned the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bolsonaro leva facada em MG: veja repercussão |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/09/06/bolsonaro-leva-facada-veja-repercussao.ghtml |access-date=6 September 2018 |work=G1.com |date=6 September 2018 |language=pt}}</ref> After being stabbed, Bolsonaro did not attend any further debates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/18/bolsonaro-nao-vai-participar-de-debates-nem-viajar-no-2-turno.htm|title=Bolsonaro não vai participar de debates no 2º turno: "é secundário"|website=UOL Eleições 2018}}</ref> |
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===Debates=== |
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Two debates were held on 9 and 17 August, featuring eight presidential candidates: Bolsonaro, Alckmin, Silva, Gomes, Dias, Meirelles, Boulos, and Daciolo. Lula was unable to participate in the debates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/08/17/ministro-do-tse-nega-pedido-do-pt-para-lula-participar-de-debate-da-redetv.htm|title=Ministro do TSE nega pedido do PT para Lula participar de debate da RedeTV|publisher=UOL|language=pt|date=17 August 2018|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> The 9 August debate was moderated by [[Ricardo Boechat]],<ref name="DebateBand">{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/oito-candidatos-a-presidente-participam-de-debate-da-tv-band/|title=Oito candidatos a presidente participam de debate da TV Band na 5ª feira|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|first=Lauriberto|last=Brasil|date=7 August 2018|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> and the 17 August debate was moderated by Amanda Klein, [[Boris Casoy]] and Mariana Godoy.<ref name="DebateRedeTV">{{cite web|url=http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/eleicoes2018/blog/eleicoes-2018/redetv-promove-debates-multiplataforma-entre-candidatos-a-presidencia-e-ao-|title=RedeTV! promove debates multiplataforma entre candidatos à Presidência e ao governo de São Paulo|publisher=RedeTV|language=pt|date=14 August 2018|access-date=16 August 2018|archive-date=16 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061547/http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/eleicoes2018/blog/eleicoes-2018/redetv-promove-debates-multiplataforma-entre-candidatos-a-presidencia-e-ao-|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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A debate scheduled for 27 August<ref name="DebatePan">{{cite web|url=https://jovempan.uol.com.br/noticias/jovem-pan-decide-nao-promover-debate-presidencial.html|title=Jovem Pan decide não promover debate presidencial|publisher=Jovem Pan|language=pt|date=24 August 2018|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> was canceled after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating in the debates and the Workers' Party insisted on the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jovempan.uol.com.br/noticias/jovem-pan-decide-nao-promover-debate-presidencial.html|title=Jovem Pan decide não promover debate presidencial|publisher=Jovem Pan|language=pt|date=24 August 2018|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref> Bolsonaro did not participate in further debates after he was attacked on 6 September.<ref name="DebateGazeta">{{cite web|url=https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/7608809/como-assistir-online-ao-debate-entre-os-candidatos-a-presidente-de-tv-gazeta-e-estadao|title=Como assistir online ao debate entre os candidatos a presidente de TV Gazeta e Estadão|publisher=InfoMoney|language=pt|first=Lara|last=Rizério|date=9 September 2018|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref> |
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After a debate on 9 September moderated by Maria Lydia Flândoli,<ref name="DebateTVGazeta">{{cite news|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,estado-faz-debate-com-presidenciaveis,70002493780|title='Estado' faz debate com presidenciáveis|newspaper=Estadão|language=pt|date=8 September 2018|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> Fernando Haddad participated in all remaining debates. These occurred on 20 September (moderated by Joyce Ribeiro),<ref name="DebateAparecida">{{cite web|url=http://www.a12.com/tv/rede-aparecida-organiza-debate-presidencial-no-santuario-nacional|title=Rede Aparecida organiza debate presidencial no Santuário Nacional|publisher=A12|language=pt|date=6 August 2018|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> 26 September (moderated by Carlos Nascimento),<ref name="DebateSBT">{{cite news|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/folha-uol-e-sbt-farao-debate-com-presidenciaveis-em-26-de-setembro.shtml|title=Folha, UOL e SBT farão debate com presidenciáveis em 26 de setembro|newspaper=Folha de S.Paulo|language=pt|date=6 August 2018|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> 30 September (moderated by Adriana Araújo and Celso Freitas),<ref name="DebateRecord">{{cite web|url=http://recordtv.r7.com/2018/03/12/record-tv-realiza-debate-presidencial-do-primeiro-turno-no-dia-30-de-setembro/|title=Record TV realiza debate presidencial do primeiro turno no dia 30 de setembro|publisher=Record|language=pt|date=12 March 2018|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> and 4 October (moderated by [[William Bonner (newscaster)|William Bonner]]).<ref name="DebateGlobo">{{cite web|url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/politica/eleicoes/noticia/2018/08/debates-dos-presidenciaveis-na-tv-candidatos-devem-discutir-planos-em-seis-transmissoes-cjkn0fg2h007m01n0iw8cd7lk.html|title=Debates dos presidenciáveis na TV: candidatos devem discutir planos em seis transmissões|publisher=Gaúcha ZH|language=pt|date=9 August 2018|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
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A vice presidential debate was held on 5 September featuring four candidates; Fernando Haddad did not attend.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/tveja/em-pauta/veja-na-integra-o-debate-entre-candidatos-a-vice-presidente-da-republica/|title=Veja na íntegra o debate entre candidatos a vice-presidente da república|publisher=Veja|language=pt|date=5 September 2018|access-date=8 September 2018|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909073914/https://veja.abril.com.br/tveja/em-pauta/veja-na-integra-o-debate-entre-candidatos-a-vice-presidente-da-republica/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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While several debates were scheduled for the second round, none were held. Debates planned for 12 October,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oantagonista.com/brasil/band-cancela-debate-desta-sexta/|title=Band cancela debate desta sexta|publisher=OAntagonista|language=pt|date=10 October 2018|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> 14 October,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.destakjornal.com.br/brasil/eleicoes-2018/detalhe/band-e-redetv-cancelam-debates-entre-bolsonaro-e-haddad|title=Band e RedeTV! cancelam debates entre Bolsonaro e Haddad|publisher=Destak|language=pt|date=10 October 2018|access-date=16 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082110/https://www.destakjornal.com.br/brasil/eleicoes-2018/detalhe/band-e-redetv-cancelam-debates-entre-bolsonaro-e-haddad|archive-date=17 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 15 October<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/eleicoes/redetv-cancela-debate-presidencial-devido-ao-estado-de-saude-de-bolsonaro,a3d20ec13fd3bf70f56afa3d49fca256rcviuaq8.html|title=RedeTV! cancela debate pelo estado de saúde de Bolsonaro|publisher=Terra|language=pt|date=10 October 2018|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> were cancelled due to Bolsonaro's health issues. A debate scheduled for 21 October<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/apos-recusa-de-bolsonaro-record-cancela-debate-presidencial/|title=Após recusa de Bolsonaro, Record cancela debate presidencial|publisher=Veja|language=pt|date=19 October 2018|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> was cancelled after the campaigns were unable to agree to terms. |
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==Opinion polls== |
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{{main|Opinion polling for the 2018 Brazilian general election}} |
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==Results== |
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===President=== |
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[[File:Brazil rd1 2018 municipality.svg|thumb|300px|right|<div style="text-align:right">'''First Round results'''</div> |
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<div style="text-align:right;line-height:10px"> |
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{{small|Municipalities won by [[Jair Bolsonaro]]: {{Color box|#008000| |border=darkgray}}}}<br /> |
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{{small|Municipalities won by [[Fernando Haddad]]: {{Color box|#CC0000| |border=darkgray}}}}<br /> |
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{{small|Municipalities won by [[Ciro Gomes]]: {{Color box|#FF0000| |border=darkgray}}}}</div>]] |
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[[File:Brazil 2018 municipality map.svg|thumb|300px|right|<div style="text-align:right">'''Second Round results'''</div> |
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<div style="text-align:right;line-height:10px"> |
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{{small|Municipalities won by [[Jair Bolsonaro]]: {{Color box|#008000| |border=darkgray}}}}<br /> |
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{{small|Municipalities won by [[Fernando Haddad]]: {{Color box|#CC0000| |border=darkgray}}}}</div>]] |
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[[File:Segundo Turno de 2018 por Municípios.svg|thumb|300px|right|Second round results (shaded)]] |
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{{Election results |
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|cand1=[[Jair Bolsonaro]]|vp1=[[Hamilton Mourão]] ([[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]])|party1=[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]]|votes1=49277010|votes1_2=57797847 |
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|cand2=[[Fernando Haddad]]|vp2=[[Manuela d'Ávila]] ([[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]])|party2=[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]|votes2=31342051|votes2_2=47040906 |
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|cand3=[[Ciro Gomes]]|vp3=[[Kátia Abreu]]|party3=[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]|votes3=13344371 |
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|cand4=[[Geraldo Alckmin]]|vp4=[[Ana Amélia]] ([[Progressistas|PP]])|party4=[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]]|votes4=5096350 |
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|cand5=[[João Amoêdo]]|vp5=Christian Lohbauer|party5=[[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]]|votes5=2679745 |
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|cand6=[[Cabo Daciolo]]|vp6=Suelene Balduino|party6=[[Patriota]]|votes6=1348323 |
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|cand7=[[Henrique Meirelles]]|vp7=[[Germano Rigotto]]|party7=[[Brazilian Democratic Movement]]|votes7=1288950 |
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|cand8=[[Marina Silva]]|vp8=[[Eduardo Jorge]] ([[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]])|party8=[[Sustainability Network]]|votes8=1069578 |
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|cand9=[[Alvaro Dias]]|vp9=[[Paulo Rabello de Castro]] ([[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|PSC]])|party9=[[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]|votes9=859601 |
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|cand10=[[Guilherme Boulos]]|vp10=[[Sônia Guajajara]]|party10=[[Socialism and Liberty Party]]|votes10=617122 |
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|cand11=[[Vera Lúcia]]|vp11=Hertz Dias|party11=[[United Socialist Workers' Party]]|votes11=55762 |
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|cand12=[[José Maria Eymael]]|vp12=Hélvio Costa|party12=[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|Christian Democracy]]|votes12=41710 |
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|cand13=[[João Vicente Goulart]]|vp13=Léo Dias|party13=[[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|Free Fatherland Party]]|votes13=30176 |
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|invalid=10313159|invalid2=11094698 |
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|electorate=147306295|electorate2=147306294 |
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|source=[https://sig.tse.jus.br/ords/dwapr/seai/r/sig-eleicao/home?session=17112009236550 TSE] |
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}} |
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=== By state === |
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==== First round ==== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; line-height:20px;" |
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! rowspan="3" |[[Departments of Colombia|Department]] |
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! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |[[Jair Bolsonaro|Bolsonaro]] |
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! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |[[Fernando Haddad|Haddad]] |
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! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |[[Ciro Gomes|Gomes]] |
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! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |[[Geraldo Alckmin|Alckmin]] |
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! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |Others |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Social Liberal Party (Brazil)}};" | |
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!colspan=2|# |
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! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}};" | |
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!colspan=2|Presidential candidate |
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! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)}};" | |
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!colspan=2|Vice-Presidential candidate |
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! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Brazilian Social Democracy Party}};" | |
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!Party/coalition |
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! colspan="2" style="background:grey;" | |
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!Former positions |
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!Main article |
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|- |
|- |
||
!Votes |
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| style="background:#f00;"| |
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! % |
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!Votes |
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| <center>[[File:Ciro Gomes em 29-07-2010 (Agência Brasil) (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
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! % |
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| '''[[Ciro Gomes]]''' (PDT) |
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!Votes |
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|<center>[[File:Senadora Kátia Abreu Oficial.jpg|100px]]</center> |
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! % |
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|[[Kátia Abreu]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/ciro-gomes-tera-senadora-katia-abreu-como-vice-22951042|title=Ciro Gomes terá senadora Kátia Abreu como vice|date=2018-08-05|work=O Globo|access-date=2018-08-05|language=pt-BR}}</ref> (PDT) |
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!Votes |
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| <center>''Sovereign Brazil''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://istoe.com.br/em-diretrizes-ciro-propoe-bndes-ativo-volta-da-tjlp-e-idh-de-portugal/|title=Em diretrizes, Ciro propõe BNDES ativo, volta da TJLP e IDH de Portugal - ISTOÉ Independente|date=10 August 2018|publisher=}}</ref><br><small>[[Democratic Labor Party (Brazil)|PDT]], [[Avante (political party)|AVANTE]]</small></center> |
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! % |
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|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Ceará]] 2007–2011; [[Ministry of National Integration|Minister of National Integration]] 2003–2006; [[Ministry of Finance (Brazil)|Minister of Finance]] 1994–1995; Governor of [[Ceará]] 1991–1994; Mayor of [[Fortaleza]] 1989–1990; [[Legislative Assembly of Ceará|State Deputy]] of [[Ceará]] 1983–1989; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 1998|1998]] and [[Brazilian general election, 2002|2002]]. |
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!Votes |
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|{{Main|Ciro Gomes presidential campaign, 2018}} |
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! % |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Acre (state)|Acre]] |
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| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''262,508''' |
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|13 |
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| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''62.24%''' |
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|<center>[[File:Fernando Haddad Prefeito 2016 (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
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|78,170 |
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|'''[[Fernando Haddad]]''' (PT) |
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|18.53% |
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|<center>[[File:Manuela d'Ávila em setembro de 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
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|21,809 |
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|[[Manuela d'Ávila]] (PCdoB) |
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|5.17% |
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|<center>''The People Happy Again''<br><small>[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/04/pt-confirma-lula-como-candidato-a-presidencia-da-republica.ghtml|title=PT confirma Lula candidato; em mensagem, ex-presidente diz que 'querem fazer eleição de cartas marcadas'|work=G1|access-date=2018-08-04|language=pt-BR}}</ref> [[Republican Party of the Social Order|PROS]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/04/pros-oficializa-alianca-com-pt-e-apoio-a-candidatura-de-lula-a-presidente.ghtml|title=Pros oficializa aliança com PT e apoio à candidatura de Lula a presidente|work=G1|access-date=2018-08-04|language=pt-BR}}</ref> [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]''</small><ref name=":27">{{Cite news|url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/08/06/politica/1533509037_182349.html|title=Haddad, vice e plano B de Lula, ganha reforço de Manuela D'Ávila no último minuto|last=Marreiro|first=Ricardo Della Coletta, Afonso Benites, Flávia|date=2018-08-06|work=EL PAÍS|access-date=2018-08-06|language=pt-br}}</ref><small></small></center> |
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|33,115 |
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| 51st [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor]] of [[São Paulo (city)|São Paulo]] 2013–2017; [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] 2005–2012. |
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|7.85% |
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|{{Main|Fernando Haddad presidential campaign, 2018}} |
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|26,176 |
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|6.21% |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Alagoas]] |
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|528,355 |
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|15 |
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|34.40% |
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|<center>[[File:Henrique Meirelles recebe o ministro das Finanças do Reino Unido - 35459912404 (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
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| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''687,247''' |
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|'''[[Henrique Meirelles]]''' (MDB) |
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| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''44.75%''' |
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|<center>[[File:Germano Rigotto em janeiro de 2009.jpg|100px]]</center> |
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|155,457 |
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|[[Germano Rigotto]] (MDB) |
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|10.12% |
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|<center>''This is the Solution''<br><small>[[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MDB]], [[Humanist Party of Solidarity|PHS]]</small></center> |
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|58,580 |
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|[[Ministry of the Economy (Brazil)|Minister of the Economy]] 2016–2018; President of the [[Central Bank of Brazil]] 2003–2011; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Goiás]] 2003; President of [[FleetBoston Financial]]'s Global Banking 1999–2002; President and COO of [[BankBoston]] 1996–1999; President of [[BankBoston]] Brasil 1984–1996. |
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|3.81% |
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|{{Main|Henrique Meirelles presidential campaign, 2018}} |
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|106,107 |
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|6.92% |
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|- |
|- |
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| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Amapá]] |
||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''166,935''' |
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| 16 |
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| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''40.74%''' |
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|<center>[[File:Vera Lúcia no Dia Internacional da Mulher Trabalhadora 2018 - PSTU (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
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|134,287 |
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|'''Vera Lúcia''' (PSTU) |
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|32.77% |
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|<center>[[File:Hertz Dias PSTU (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
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|50,553 |
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| Hertz Dias (PSTU) |
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|12.34% |
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| <center>[[United Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSTU)</center> |
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|19,241 |
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|Unionist |
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|4.70% |
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|{{Main|Vera Lúcia presidential campaign, 2018}} |
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|38,741 |
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|9.45% |
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|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] |
|||
| style="background:#203B78;"| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''805,902''' |
|||
| 17 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''43.48%''' |
|||
|<center>[[File:Jair Bolsonaro pela EC 77 - Médico Militar no SUS (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|746,998 |
|||
| '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' (PSL) |
|||
|40.30% |
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|<center>[[File:General Hamilton Mourão.jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|138,997 |
|||
|Gen. [[Antônio Hamilton Mourão|Hamilton Mourão]] (PRTB) |
|||
|7.50% |
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| <center>''Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone''<br><small>[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]], [[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]]</small></center> |
|||
|29,190 |
|||
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] since 1991; [[Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro|Councillor]] of [[Rio de Janeiro]] 1989–1991. |
|||
|1.57% |
|||
|{{Main|Jair Bolsonaro presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|132,504 |
|||
|7.15% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bahia]] |
||
|1,725,140 |
|||
| 18 |
|||
|23.41% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Marina Silva em março de 2018 (2) (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''4,441,955''' |
|||
| '''[[Marina Silva]]''' (REDE) |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''60.28%''' |
|||
|<center>[[File:Eduardo Jorge em Convenção 2018 - Vice presidente (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|693,273 |
|||
| [[Eduardo Jorge]] (PV) |
|||
|9.41% |
|||
| <center>''United to Transform Brazil''<br><small>[[Sustainability Network|REDE]], [[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]]</small></center> |
|||
|172,900 |
|||
|Spokeswoman of the [[Sustainability Network|REDE]] since 2013; [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Acre (state)|Acre]] 1995–2011; [[Ministry of the Environment (Brazil)|Minister of the Environment]] 2003–2008; [[Legislative Assemblies of Brazilian states|State Deputy]] of Acre 1991–1995; Councillor of [[Rio Branco, Acre|Rio Branco]] 1989–1991; candidate for President in [[Brazilian presidential election, 2010|2010]] and [[Brazilian general election, 2014|2014]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2018/08/04/rede-confirma-candidatura-de-marina-silva-a-presidencia-da-republica.ghtml|title=Rede confirma candidatura de Marina Silva à Presidência da República|work=G1|access-date=2018-08-04|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
|||
|2.35% |
|||
|{{Main|Marina Silva presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|335,277 |
|||
|4.55% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Ceará]] |
||
|1,061,075 |
|||
|19 |
|||
|21.74% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Foto oficial de Álvaro Dias (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|1,616,492 |
|||
|'''''[[Álvaro Dias]]'''''<br>(PODE) |
|||
|33.12% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Paulo Rabello de Castro.png|100px]]</center> |
|||
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)}};" |'''1,998,597''' |
|||
|[[Paulo Rabello de Castro]] (PSC) |
|||
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)}};" |'''40.95%''' |
|||
|<center>''Real Change''<br><small>[[Podemos (Brazil)|PODE]], [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|PSC]], [[Christian Labour Party|PTC]], [[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|PRP]]</small></center> |
|||
|53,157 |
|||
|[[Álvaro Dias]] – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] 1983–1987 and 1999–2018; [[List of Governors of Paraná|Governor of Paraná]] 1987–1991; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] 1975–1983; [[Legislative Assembly of Paraná|State Deputy]] of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] 1971–1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brasil247.com/pt/247/parana247/210871/%C3%81lvaro-Dias-quer-disputar-Presid%C3%AAncia-pelo-PV-em-2018.htm/|title=Álvaro Dias quer disputa Presidência da República em 2018|date=2015-12-24|publisher=Brasil 247|language=pt-br|accessdate=2017-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/04/podemos-confirma-alvaro-dias-para-disputa-da-presidencia.ghtml|title=Podemos confirma Alvaro Dias para disputa da Presidência|work=G1|access-date=2018-08-04|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
|||
|1.09% |
|||
|{{Main|Álvaro Dias presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|150,834 |
|||
|3.10% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] |
|||
| style="background:#AFB908;"| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''936,494''' |
|||
| 27 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''58.37%''' |
|||
| <center>[[File:José Maria Eymael no senado.jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|90,508 |
|||
| '''[[José Maria Eymael]]''' (DC) |
|||
|11.87% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Caricatura do Professor Helvio Costa.tif|100px]]</center> |
|||
|266,272 |
|||
| Helvio Costa (DC) |
|||
|16.60% |
|||
|<center>[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|Christian Democracy]] (DC)</center> |
|||
|53,640 |
|||
|President of the [[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|DC]] since 1997; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1986–1995; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 1998|1998]], [[Brazilian general election, 2006|2006]], [[Brazilian presidential election, 2010|2010]] and [[Brazilian general election, 2014|2014]]; candidate for [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] in [[São Paulo mayoral election, 2012|2012]].<ref name=Levymael/> |
|||
|3.34% |
|||
|{{Main|José Maria Eymael presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|157,603 |
|||
|9.82% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Espírito Santo]] |
||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''1,122,131''' |
|||
|30 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''54.76%''' |
|||
|<center>[[File:João Amoêdo review ContabilidadeTv (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|495,868 |
|||
|'''[[João Amoêdo]]''' (NOVO) |
|||
|24.20% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Christian-Lohbauer.jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|195,553 |
|||
|Christian Lohbauer (NOVO) |
|||
|9.54% |
|||
|<center>[[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]] (NOVO)</center> |
|||
|79,049 |
|||
|[[João Dionisio Amoêdo]] – President of the [[New Party (Brazil)|NOVO]] 2011–2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/partido-novo-anuncia-joao-amoedo-como-pre-candidato-a-presidente-em-2018.ghtml|title=Partido Novo anuncia João Amoêdo como pré-candidato a presidente em 2018|date=18 November 2017|publisher=G1|language=pt|accessdate=19 November 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|3.86% |
|||
|{{Main|João Amoêdo presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|156,547 |
|||
|7.64% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Goiás]] |
||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''1,868,686''' |
|||
|45 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''57.24%''' |
|||
|<center>[[File:Governador Geraldo Alckmin Anuncia Duplicação da Euclides da Cunha em 2011 (cropped).jpg|115x156px]]</center> |
|||
|713,535 |
|||
|'''[[Geraldo Alckmin]]''' (PSDB) |
|||
| 21.86% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Foto oficial de Ana Amélia Lemos.jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|280,864 |
|||
|[[Ana Amélia Lemos|Ana Amélia]] (PP) |
|||
|8.60% |
|||
|<center>''To unite Brazil''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/08/08/geraldo-alckmin-tse.htm|title=Alckmin pede registro de candidatura e declara R$ 1,3 milhão em bens ao TSE|publisher=UOL|language=pt|author=Gustavo Maia e Luciana Amaral|date=8 August 2018|accessdate=8 August 2018}}</ref><br><small>[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]], [[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]], [[Progressistas|PP]], [[Party of the Republic|PR]], [[Brazilian Republican Party|PRB]], [[Solidariedade|SD]], [[Brazilian Labor Party (current)|PTB]], [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]], [[Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)|PPS]]</small></center> |
|||
|146,440 |
|||
|[[Geraldo Alckmin]] – [[List of Governors of São Paulo|Governor of São Paulo]] 2011–2018 and 2001–2006; President of the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]] since 2017; State Secretary of Development of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 2009–2010; Vice Governor of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1995–2001; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1987–1994; [[Legislative Assembly of São Paulo|State Deputy]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1983–1987; Mayor of [[Pindamonhangaba]] 1977–1982; Councillor of [[Pindamonhangaba]] 1973–1977; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 2006|2006]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/aliados-defendem-nome-de-alckmin-para-a-disputa-presidencial-06032017/|title=Aliados defendem nome de Alckmin para a disputa presidencial|date=6 March 2017|publisher=}}</ref> |
|||
|4.49% |
|||
|{{Main|Geraldo Alckmin presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|255,264 |
|||
|- |
|||
|7.81% |
|||
| style="background:#B80000;"| |
|||
| 50 |
|||
| <center>[[File:Guilherme Boulos em São Paulo.jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
| '''[[Guilherme Boulos]]''' (PSOL) |
|||
| <center>[[File:Sônia Guajajara (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
| [[Sônia Guajajara]] (PSOL) |
|||
| <center>''Let's Go Without Fear of Changing Brazil''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psol50.org.br/oficial-boulos-e-sonia-candidatos/|title=Oficial: Guilherme Boulos e Sônia Guajajara são os candidatos do PSOL à Presidência|publisher=PSOL 50|language=pt|author=PSOL Nacional|date=21 June 2018|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref><br><small>[[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]], [[Brazilian Communist Party|PCB]]</small></center> |
|||
|Professor at [[University of São Paulo|USP]], political and social activist, coordinator of the [[Homeless Workers' Movement|MTST]] and writer. |
|||
|{{Main|Guilherme Boulos presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style=" |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Maranhão]] |
||
|817,511 |
|||
|51 |
|||
|24.28% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Deputados cabo Daciolo (PSOL-RJ) e Marcos Reategui (PSC-AP) participam do programa Brasil em Debate (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''2,062,592''' |
|||
|'''[[Cabo Daciolo]]''' (PATRI) |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''61.26%''' |
|||
|<center>[[File:Caricatura Suelene Nascimento - Patri.png|100px]]</center> |
|||
|282,467 |
|||
|Suelene Balduino Nascimento (PATRI) |
|||
|8.39% |
|||
|<center>[[Patriota]] (PATRI)</center> |
|||
|50,653 |
|||
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] since 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uol/eleicoes/especiais/pre-candidatos-a-presidencia.htm|title=Todos querem o Planalto|date=11 March 2018|publisher=Uol|language=pt|trans-title=Everyone wants the Planalto|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|1.50% |
|||
|{{Main|Cabo Daciolo presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|153,648 |
|||
|4.57% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style= |
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Mato Grosso]] |
||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''981,119''' |
|||
| 54 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''60.04%''' |
|||
|<center>[[File:João Vicente Goulart sobre exumação (cropped).jpg|100px]]</center> |
|||
|404,604 |
|||
| '''João Vicente Goulart''' (PPL) |
|||
|24.76% |
|||
|<center>[[File:Caricatura de Léo Alves PPL.png|100px]]</center> |
|||
|91,344 |
|||
| Léo Alves (PPL) |
|||
|5.59% |
|||
| <center>[[Free Homeland Party (Brazil)|Free Homeland Party]] (PPL)</center> |
|||
|67,498 |
|||
| [[Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul|State Deputy]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] 1982–1986. |
|||
|4.13% |
|||
| {{Main|João Vicente Goulart presidential campaign, 2018}} |
|||
|89,571 |
|||
|} |
|||
|5.48% |
|||
===Lost in primaries or conventions=== |
|||
* [[Arthur Virgílio Neto]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]) – Mayor of [[Manaus]] 1989–1992 and since 2013; [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] 2003–2011; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] 1983–1987 and 1995–2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://josiasdesouza.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2017/12/22/alckmin-e-virgilio-se-enfrentarao-em-5-debates/|title=Alckmin e Virgílio se enfrentarão em 5 debates|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Josias|last=de Souza|date=22 December 2017|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/02/23/interna_politica,939836/arthur-virgilio-desiste-de-previa-com-alckmin-e-o-chama-de-cinico.shtml|title=Arthur Virgílio desiste de prévia com Alckmin e o chama de cínico|publisher=EM|language=pt|date=23 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Ronaldo Caiado]] ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Goiás]] since 2015; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Goiás]] 1991–2014; candidate for President in [[Brazilian presidential election, 1989|1989]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/senador-ronaldo-caiado-lidera-corrida-pelo-governo-de-goias-2/|title=Senador Ronaldo Caiado lidera disputa pelo Governo de Goiás|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|first=Douglas|last=Rodrigues|date=13 December 2017|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Antônio Carlos Magalhães Neto]] ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]]) – Mayor of [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] since 2013; President of the [[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]] since 2018; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Bahia]] 2003–2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atarde.uol.com.br/coluna/tempopresente/1933331-numeros-indicam-disputa-acirrada-entre-rui-costa-e-acm-neto-nas-eleicoes-2018-premium|title=Números indicam disputa acirrada entre Rui Costa e ACM Neto nas eleições 2018|publisher=A Tarde|language=pt|date=3 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Mendonça Filho]] ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]]) – [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] 2016–2018; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Pernambuco]] 1995–1998 and 2011–2016; Governor of [[Pernambuco]] 2006–2007; Vice Governor of [[Pernambuco]] 1999–2006; [[Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco|State Deputy]] of [[Pernambuco]] 1987–1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eleicoes.uol.com.br/2018/noticias/agencia-estado/2018/02/21/mendonca-filho-diz-que-deixara-governo-ate-abril-para-disputar-eleicoes.htm|title=Mendonça Filho diz que deixará governo até abril para disputar eleições|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Eduardo|last=Rodrigues|date=21 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Jr.]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – Economist, professor at [[University of Campinas|Unicamp]].<ref name="PSOL2">{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/psol-oficializa-boulos-como-pre-candidato-a-presidencia.shtml|title=PSOL oficializa Boulos como pré-candidato à Presidência|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|date=10 March 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Nildo Ouriques]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – Economist, professor at [[Federal University of Santa Catarina|UFSC]].<ref name=PSOL2/> |
|||
* [[Hamilton Assis]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – Leader of [[Central Única dos Trabalhadores|CUT]] of [[Bahia]] 1993–1996.<ref name=PSOL2/> |
|||
* [[Sônia Guajajara]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – Activist for indigenous causes and militant of the ecosocialist movement.<ref name=PSOL2/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,psol-confirma-boulos-como-candidato-a-presidencia,70002409952|title=PSOL confirma Boulos como candidato à Presidência|publisher=Estadão|language=pt|first=Renato|last=Onofre|date=21 July 2018|accessdate=26 July 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Valéria Monteiro]] ([[Party of National Mobilization|PMN]]) – Journalist, model actress and television presenter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/eleicoes-pmn-e-avante-realizam-convencao-sem-lancar-candidatura-propria/|title=Eleições: PMN e Avante realizam convenção sem lançar candidatura própria|last=|first=|date=21 July 2018|website=Poder360|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2018-07-21/valeria-monteiro-eleicoes-pmn.html|title=Valéria Monteiro é rejeitada como candidata à Presidência do PMN|publisher=Último Segundo|language=pt|author=iG São Paulo|date=21 July 2018|accessdate=26 July 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Guilherme Afif Domingos]] (PSD) – Vice Governor of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 2011–2015; Secretary of Micro and Small Business 2013–2015; State Secretary of Economic Development, Science and Technology of São Paulo 2011; State Secretary of Labor and Employment of São Paulo 2007–2011; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for São Paulo 1987–1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/confederacao-defende-lancar-afif-para-o-planalto.shtml|title=Confederação defende lançar Afif para o Planalto|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|trans-title=Confederation defends launchig Afif for Planalto|date=12 March 2018|accessdate=15 April 2018|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2018-07-21/valeria-monteiro-eleicoes-pmn.html|title=Valéria Monteiro é rejeitada como candidata à presidência do PMN - Política - iG|trans-title=Valéria Monteiro rejected as PMN presidential candidate|publisher=Jornal do Brasil|language=pt|author=JB|date=28 July 2018|accessdate=28 July 2018}}</ref> |
|||
<gallery perrow="5" mode="packed" heights="115"> |
|||
File:Congressos. Seminários. Palestras (18715732468).jpg|{{center|Mayor of [[Manaus]]<br>'''[[Arthur Virgílio Neto]]''' ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]])<br>from [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]}} |
|||
File:Foto oficial de Ronaldo Caiado (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Federal Senate|Senator]]<br>'''[[Ronaldo Caiado]]''' ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]])<br>from [[Goiás]]}} |
|||
File:ACM Neto.jpeg|{{center|Mayor of [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]<br>'''[[Antônio Carlos Magalhães Neto|ACM Neto]]''' ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]])<br>from [[Bahia]]}} |
|||
File:Mendonça Filho Dem.jpg|{{center|Former [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]]<br>'''[[Mendonça Filho]]''' ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]])<br>from [[Pernambuco]]}} |
|||
File:Sônia Guajajara (cropped).jpg|{{center|Activist for indigenous causes and militant of the ecosocialist movement<br>'''[[Sônia Guajajara]]''' ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]])<br>from [[Maranhão]]}} |
|||
File:Guilherme Afif.jpg|{{center|Former Vice-Governor of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]<br>'''[[Guilherme Afif Domingos]]''' ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]])<br>from [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]}} |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
===Declined candidates=== |
|||
* [[Roberto Justus]] – Chairman of Grupo Newcomm since 1998; Associate of [[WPP plc]] since 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/colunas/flavio-ricco/2016/12/17/roberto-justus-aparece-como-candidato-a-presidencia-me-festa-da-record.htm|title=Roberto Justus aparece como candidato à Presidência em festa da Record|access-date=2017-02-12|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar-on-line/roberto-justus-poe-projeto-politico-na-geladeira/|publisher=Veja|title=Roberto Justus põe projeto político na geladeira|author=Mauricio Lima|date=27 January 2017}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Luciana Genro]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] 2003–2011; [[Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul|State Deputy]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] 1995–2002; candidate for [[Mayor of Porto Alegre]] in [[Brazilian municipal elections, 2008|2008]] and [[Brazilian municipal elections, 2016|2016]]; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 2014|2014]].<ref name=PSOL>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/maquiavel/luciana-genro-desiste-e-psol-pode-lancar-chico-alencar-para-2018/|title=Luciana Genro desiste, e PSOL pode lançar Chico Alencar para 2018|publisher=Veja|language=pt|date=6 April 2017|accessdate=7 June 2017|trans-title=Luciana Genro gives up, and PSOL can launch Chico Alencar for 2018}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Luciano Huck]] – Chairman of Instituto Criar for TV, Movie and New Medias since 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/coluna-do-estadao/huck-desiste-de-disputar-eleicao-presidencial/|title=Huck desiste de disputar eleição presidencial|publisher=}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Chico Alencar]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] since 2003; [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro|State Deputy]] of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] 1999–2002; [[Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro|Councillor]] of [[Rio de Janeiro]] 1989–1996; candidate for [[List of mayors of Rio de Janeiro|Mayor of Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Brazilian municipal elections, 2008|2008]].<ref name=PSOL/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,chico-alencar-desiste-de-disputar-a-presidencia-e-vai-se-lancar-ao-senado-em-2018,70002050057|title=Chico Alencar desiste de disputar a Presidência e vai se lançar ao Senado em 2018|publisher=Estadão|language=pt|first=Isadora|last=Peron|date=17 October 2017|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Luís Roberto Barroso]] – Minister of the [[Supreme Federal Court]] since 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/maquiavel/ministro-barroso-nega-intencao-de-ser-candidato-em-2018/|title=Ministro Barroso nega intenção de ser candidato em 2018|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Laryssa|last=Borges|date=15 November 2017|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[João Doria]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]) – [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] 2017–2018; Chairman of Casa Cor 2007–2011; President of [[Embratur]] 1986–1988; Municipal Secretary of Tourism of [[São Paulo]] 1983–1986; President of Palistur 1983–1986; Communication Director of [[Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado|FAAP]] 1981–1983; Communication Director of [[Rede Bandeirantes]] 1979–1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jornalivre.com/2017/02/17/apos-milagres-em-sao-paulo-joao-doria-ja-comeca-a-ser-cogitado-para-a-presidencia-da-republica/|title=Após milagres em São Paulo, João Dória já começa a se cogitado para a presidência da República|publisher=Jornalivre|language=pt-br|date=2017-02-17|accessdate=2017-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2017/11/1937126-doria-recua-do-planalto-e-mira-governo-de-sao-paulo.shtml|title=Dória recua do Planalto e mira governo de São Paulo|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first=Thais|last=Bilenky|date=22 November 2017|accessdate=22 November 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Marcelo Freixo]] ([[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]) – [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro|State Deputy]] of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] since 2007; candidate for [[List of mayors of Rio de Janeiro|Mayor of Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Brazilian municipal elections, 2012|2012]] and [[Brazilian municipal elections, 2016|2016]].<ref name=PSOL/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2017/12/22/ainda-pequeno-psol-ganha-25-mil-filiados-em-um-ano-e-quer-dobrar-bancada-na-camara.htm|title=Ainda "pequeno", PSOL ganha 25 mil filiados em um ano e quer dobrar bancada na Câmara|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Gustavo|last=Maia|date=22 December 2017|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref> |
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* [[Cristovam Buarque]] ([[Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)|PPS]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] since 2003; [[Ministry of Education (Brazil)|Minister of Education]] 2003–2004; [[Governors of the Federal District (Brazil)|Governor of the Federal District]] 1995–1999; Rector of the [[University of Brasília|UnB]] 1985–1989; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 2006|2006]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/distrito-federal/noticia/cristovam-buarque-anuncia-licenca-do-mandato-de-senador-para-avaliar-candidatura-a-presidencia.ghtml|title=Cristovam Buarque anuncia licença do mandato de senador para avaliar candidatura à Presidência|publisher=G1|language=pt|first=Gustavo|last=Garcia|date=13 November 2017|accessdate=13 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/descartando-filiacao-de-huck-pps-aprova-posicao-de-apoio-a-alckmin.shtml|title=Descartando filiação de Huck, PPS aprova posição de apoio a Alckmin|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first1=Thais|last1=Bilenky|first2=Joelmir|last2=Tavares|date=26 March 2018|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Germano Rigotto]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MDB]]) – [[List of Governors of Rio Grande do Sul|Governor of Rio Grande do Sul]] 2003–2007; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] 1991–2003; [[Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul|State Deputy]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] 1983–1991; Councillor of [[Caxias do Sul]] 1977–1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/rigotto-sinaliza-candidatura-a-presidencia-em-2018-durante-convencao-do-pmdb/|title=Rigotto sinaliza candidatura à Presidência em 2018 durante convenção do PMDB|publisher=Sul 21|language=pt|date=27 March 2017|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://independente.com.br/germano-rigotto-estuda-candidatura-do-senado-nas-eleicoes-de-outubro/|title=Germano Rigotto estuda candidatura do Senado nas eleições de outubro|publisher=Grupo Independente|language=pt|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Aécio Neves]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Minas Gerais]] since 2010; President of the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]] 2013–2017; [[Governor of Minas Gerais]] 2003–2010; [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] 2001–2002; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Minas Gerais]] 1987–2002; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 2014|2014]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/02/psdb-decide-disputar-governo-de-mg-para-aecio-tentar-a-reeleicao.shtml|title=PSDB decide disputar governo do MG para Aécio tentar a reeleição|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first=Ranier|last=Bragon|date=20 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[José Serra]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1996–1998, 2002–2003, 2015–2016 and since 2017; [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] 2016–2017; [[List of Governors of São Paulo|Governor of São Paulo]] 2007–2010; [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] 2005–2006; President of the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]] 2003–2005; [[Ministry of Health (Brazil)|Minister of Health]] 1998–2002; [[Ministry of Planning, Budget, and Management|Minister of Planning and Budget]] 1995–1996; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1987–1995; State Secretary for Economics and Planning of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1983–1986; candidate for [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] in [[Brazilian municipal elections, 1988|1988]], [[Brazilian municipal elections, 1996|1996]] and [[São Paulo mayoral election, 2012|2012]]; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 2002|2002]] and [[Brazilian presidential election, 2010|2010]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/01/1951611-serra-afirma-que-nao-sera-candidato-na-eleicao-deste-ano.shtml|title=Serra afirma que não será candidato na eleição deste ano|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|date=18 January 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Tasso Jereissati]] ([[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Ceará]] 2003–2011 and since 2015; President of the Instituto Teotônio Vilela 2011–2015; President of the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]] 1991–1994, 2005–2007 and 2017; Governor of [[Ceará]] 1987–1991 and 1995–2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opovo.com.br/jornal/politica/2018/01/nao-existe-possibilidade-afirma-tasso-sobre-candidatura-ao-governo.html|title='Não existe possibilidade', afirma Tasso sobre candidatura ao Governo|publisher=O Povo|language=pt|date=31 January 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Flávio Dino]] ([[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]) – [[List of Governors of Maranhão|Governor of Maranhão]] since 2015; President of [[Embratur]] 2011–2014; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Maranhão]] 2007–2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revistaforum.com.br/oito-meses-da-eleicao-pesquisa-aponta-vitoria-de-flavio-dino-no-primeiro-turno-no-maranhao/|title=A oito meses da eleição, pesquisa aponta vitória de Flávio Dino no primeiro turno no Maranhão|publisher=Revista Fórum|language=pt|date=15 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Magno Malta]] ([[Party of the Republic|PR]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Espírito Santo]] since 2003; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Espírito Santo]] 1999–2003; [[Legislative Assembly of Espírito Santo|State Deputy]] of [[Espírito Santo]] 1995–1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/potencial-vice-de-bolsonaro-magno-malta-quer-multiplicar-bancada-religiosa.shtml|title=Potencial vice de Bolsonaro, Magno Malta quer multiplicar bancada religiosa|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|date=9 March 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Blairo Maggi]] ([[Progressistas|PP]]) – [[Ministry of Agriculture (Brazil)|Minister of Agriculture]] since 2016; [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Mato Grosso]] 2011–2016; Governor of [[Mato Grosso]] 2003–2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/mt/mato-grosso/noticia/blairo-maggi-anuncia-que-nao-vai-disputar-eleicao-em-2018-e-diz-que-nao-teme-perder-o-foro-privilegiado.ghtml|title=Blairo Maggi anuncia que não vai disputar eleição em 2018 e diz que não teme perder o foro privilegiado|publisher=G1|language=pt|first=Tiago|last=Terclotty|date=26 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Fernando Pimentel]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) – [[Governor of Minas Gerais]] since 2015; [[Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade|Minister of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade]] 2011–2014; [[List of mayors of Belo Horizonte|Mayor of Belo Horizonte]] 2001–2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.r7.com/blogs/helcio-zolini/eleicao-2018-pimentel-lidera-corrida-para-o-governo-de-minas-kalil-aparece-em-segundo-20171009/|title=Eleições 2018: Pimentel lidera corrida para o governo de Minas; Kalil aparece em segundo|publisher=R7|language=pt|first=Hélcio|last=Zolini|date=9 October 2017|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Pedro Parente]] – President of [[Petrobras]] since 2016; [[Ministry of Mines and Energy (Brazil)|Minister of Mines and Energy]] 2002; [[Chief of Staff of Brazil]] 1999–2003; [[Ministry of Planning, Budget, and Management|Minister of Planning, Budget, and Management]] 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar/mesmo-com-pedido-de-fh-parente-deve-negar-candidatura/|title=Mesmo com pedido de FH, Parente deve negar candidatura|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Mauricio|last=Lima|date=25 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> |
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*[[Roberto M. Rey Jr.]] ([[Patriota|PATRI]]) – 3rd Vice President of PATRI 2015–2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vejasp.abril.com.br/cidades/dr-rey-desiste-de-concorrer-a-presidencia-da-republica/|title=Dr. Rey desiste de concorrer à presidência da República|publisher=Veja São Paulo|access-date=2018-04-07|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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* [[Silvio Santos]] – Owner of [[Grupo Silvio Santos]] since 1958.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entretenimento.r7.com/famosos-e-tv/silvio-santos-pode-se-candidatar-a-presidencia-do-brasil-em-2018-diz-jornal-22122016|title=Silvio Santos pode se candidatar à presidência do Brasil em 2018, diz jornal – Entretenimento – R7 Famosos e TV|website=R7|language=pt-br|access-date=2017-02-12}}</ref> |
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* [[Joaquim Barbosa]] ([[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]]) – [[Supreme Federal Court#President of the Court|President of the Supreme Federal Court]] 2012–2014; President of the [[National Justice Council]] 2012–2014; Vice President of the [[Supreme Federal Court]] 2012; Minister of the [[Supreme Federal Court]] 2003–2014; Vice President of the [[Superior Electoral Court]] 2008–2009; Minister of the [[Superior Electoral Court]] 2008–2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,joaquim-barbosa-confirma-que-nao-sera-candidato-a-presidencia,70002299558|title=Joaquim Barbosa confirma que não será candidato à Presidência|last=|first=|date=2018-05-08|website=Estadão|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-08}}</ref> |
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* [[Fernando Collor de Mello]] ([[Christian Labour Party|PTC]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Alagoas]] since 2007; [[President of Brazil]] 1990–1992; Governor of Alagoas 1987–1989; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for Alagoas 1983–1987; Mayor of [[Maceió]] 1979–1983; candidate for [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] in [[São Paulo mayoral election, 2000|2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/collor-anuncia-pre-candidatura-a-presidencia-da-republica/|title=Collor anuncia pré-candidatura à Presidência da República|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Guilherme|last=Venaglia|date=19 January 2018|accessdate=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/06/26/fernando-collor-fica-fora-da-disputa-a-presidencia.htm|title=PTC desiste de candidatura, e Collor fica fora da disputa à Presidência|last=Garcia|first=Daniela|date=2018-06-25|website=UOL|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=Se tem menos de 2% das invenções de votos, é uma das Notícias Mais Importantes da Semana.|title=PTC descarta candidatura de Collor à Presidência|last=Vettorazzo|first=Lucas|date=28 July 2018|website=Folha de S.Paulo|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Flávio Rocha]] ([[Brazilian Republican Party|PRB]]) – CEO and Chairman of [[Lojas Riachuelo]] since 2005; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio Grande do Norte]] 1987–1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/eleicoes/ser-vice-nao-e-meu-projeto-diz-flavio-rocha-ao-desistir-de-candidatura,94ff8bd367d882433dca8fc5d8822a051vkcay8e.html|title=Flávio Rocha desiste de candidatura à Presidência|last=Venceslau|first=Pedro|date=13 July 2018|website=Terra|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=13 July 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Eduardo Jorge]] ([[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]]) – Municipal Secretary of the Environment of [[São Paulo]] 2005–2012; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1987–2003; Municipal Secretary of Health of [[São Paulo]] 1989–1990 and 2001–2002; [[Legislative Assembly of São Paulo|State Deputy]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1983–1986; candidate for President in [[Brazilian general election, 2014|2014]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conexaoto.com.br/2017/02/17/ciro-gomes-anuncia-candidatura-para-2018-nao-deixarei-ninguem-fazer-um-golpe-comigo|title=Ciro Gomes anuncia candidatura para 2018: "Não deixarei ninguém fazer um golpe comigo"|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pvsp.org.br/index.php/ultimas-noticias/item/4222-eduardo-jorge-deve-disputar-mandato-para-deputado-estadual.html|title=Eduardo Jorge deve disputar mandato para deputado estadual|publisher=Partido Verde de São Paulo|language=pt|date=9 July 2018|accessdate=19 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/eduardo-jorge-sera-vice-de-marina-silva-confirma-presidente-do-pv.shtml|title=Eduardo Jorge será vice de Marina Silva, confirma presidente do PV|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|first=Joelmir|last=Tavares|date=2 August 2018|accessdate=2 August 2018}}</ref> |
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* [[Rodrigo Maia]] ([[Democrats (Brazil)|DEM]]) – [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] since 2016; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] since 1999; candidate for [[List of mayors of Rio de Janeiro|Mayor of Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Brazilian municipal elections, 2004|2004]].<ref name=DEM>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/rodrigo-maia-sobre-2018-meu-nome-e-1-dos-4-fortes-do-dem-para-o-planalto/|title=Rodrigo Maia sobre 2018: "meu nome é 1 dos 4 mais fortes do DEM" para o Planalto|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|first=Naomi|last=Matsui|date=29 December 2017|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="MaiaAldo">{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/03/maia-traca-roteiro-para-disputar-planalto.shtml|title=Maia traça roteiro para disputar Planalto|last=Carvalho|first=Daniel|date=4 March 2018|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|accessdate=5 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="Centrão"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/eleicoes2018/blog/eleicoes-2018/rodrigo-maia-desiste-de-ser-candidato-a-presidencia-nas-eleicoes|title=Rodrigo Maia desiste de ser candidato à Presidência nas eleições|publisher=RedeTV!|language=pt|date=23 July 2018|accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref> |
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*[[Josué Gomes]] ([[Party of the Republic|PR]]) – President of the Coteminas Company.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.otempo.com.br/capa/pol%C3%ADtica/josu%C3%A9-alencar-%C3%A9-disputado-por-quatro-partidos-para-as-elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es-de-2018-1.1606275|title=Josué Alencar é disputado por quatro partidos para as eleições de 2018|last=TEMPO|first=O|date=2018-05-01|work=Política|access-date=2018-06-09|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,josue-gomes-se-coloca-a-disposicao-do-pr-para-ser-candidato,70002329909|title=Josué Gomes se coloca à disposição do PR para ser candidato – Política – Estadão|work=Estadão|access-date=2018-06-09|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref name="Centrão"/> |
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* [[Aldo Rebelo]] ([[Solidariedade|SD]]) – [[Ministry of Defence (Brazil)|Minister of Defence]] 2015–2016; [[Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Brazil)|Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation]] 2015; [[Ministry of Sports (Brazil)|Minister of Sports]] 2011–2015; [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]] 2005–2007; Chief Minister of the Secretariat of Political Coordination and Institutional Relations 2004–2005; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] 1991–2004 and 2005–2011; [[Municipal Chamber of São Paulo|Councillor]] of [[São Paulo]] 1989–1991.<ref name=MaiaAldo/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,paulinho-da-forca-pensamos-em-lancar-aldo-rebelo-a-presidencia,70002265988|title=Paulinho da Força: 'Pensamos em lançar Aldo Rebelo à Presidência'|last=Peron|first=Isadora|date=12 April 2018|website=Folha de S.Paulo|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2018/04/16/sd-oficializa-aldo-como-nome-a-presidencia-com-promessa-de-pacificar-esquerda-e-direita.htm|title=SD oficializa Aldo como nome à Presidência com promessa de 'pacificar esquerda e direita'|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Janaina|last=Garcia|trans-title=SD officializes Aldo candidate for the Presidency with promise to 'pacify left and right-wings'|date=16 April 2018|accessdate=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="Centrão">{{cite web|url=http://www.band.com.br/noticias/eleicoes/conteudo.asp?ID=100000924290&t=cupula-do-centrao-fecha-apoio-a-alckmin-nas-eleicoes-2018|publisher=Band|title=Cúpula do Centrão fecha apoio a Alckmin nas eleições 2018|author=Mauricio Lima|date=19 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/07/26/apos-apoio-do-centrao-a-alckmin-aldo-rebelo-desiste-de-candidatura.htm|title=Apõs apoio do centrão a Alckmin, Aldo Rebelo desiste de candidatura|publisher=Uol|language=pt|first=Gustavo|last=Maia|date=26 July 2018|accessdate=27 July 2018}}</ref> |
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*[[Paulo Rabello de Castro]] ([[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|PSC]]) – President of the [[Brazilian Development Bank|BNDES]] 2017–2018; President of the [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] 2016–2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/01/psc-desiste-de-ter-candidato-proprio-a-prtesidente-e-indica-paulo-rabello-de-castro-para-vice-de-alvaro-dias.ghtml|title=PSC desiste de ter candidato próprio a presidente e indica Paulo Rabello de Castro para vice de Alvaro Dias|last=Maia|first=Gustavo|date=1 August 2018|website=|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=1 August 2018}}</ref> |
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*[[Roberto Requião]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MDB]]) – [[Federal Senate|Senator]] for [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] since 2011, 1995–2002; [[List of Governors of Paraná|Governor]] of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] 2007–2010, 2003–2006, 1991–1994; Mayor of [[Curitiba]] 1986–1989; State Deputy of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] 1983–1986.<ref name="Requiao">{{Cite news|url=https://odia.ig.com.br/colunas/informe-do-dia/2018/03/5524503-o-substituto-de-lula.html|title=Novo nome ganha forca no PT para substituir Lula na eleição|work=O Dia – Informe do Dia|access-date=2018-08-02|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://odia.ig.com.br/colunas/informe-do-dia/2018/03/5524503-o-substituto-de-lula.html|title=Novo nome ganha força no PT para substituir Lula na eleição|work=O Dia – Informe do Dia|access-date=2018-08-02|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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*[[Levy Fidelix]] ([[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]])– President of the [[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]] since 1994; candidate for President in [[Brazilian presidential election, 2010|2010]] and [[Brazilian general election, 2014|2014]]; candidate for [[List of Governors of São Paulo|Governor of São Paulo]] in [[São Paulo gubernatorial election, 2002|2002]]; candidate for [[List of mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] in [[São Paulo mayoral election, 2008|2008]], [[São Paulo mayoral election, 2012|2012]] and [[São Paulo mayoral election, 2016|2016]].<ref name="Levymael2">{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,eymael-e-levy-fidelix-querem-ser-o-novo-em-mais-uma-eleicao-para-presidente,70002115439|title=Eymael e Levy Fidelix querem ser o "novo" em mais uma eleição para presidente|last=Amendola|first=Gilberto|date=11 December 2017|publisher=Estadão|language=pt|accessdate=21 December 2017}}</ref> |
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*[[Antônio Hamilton Mourão]] ([[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]])– Brazilian Army General.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/05/general-mourao-filia-se-ao-prtb-e-pode-ser-candidato-a-presidente-pelo-partido.shtml|title=General Mourão filia-se ao PRTB e pode ser candidato a presidente pelo party|last=Mantovani|first=Kelly|date=8 May 2018|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|language=pt|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref> |
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*[[Manuela d'Ávila]] ([[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]) – State Deputy for [[Rio Grande do Sul]] since 2015; [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] for Rio Grande do Sul 2007–2015; City Councillor of [[Porto Alegre]] 2005–2006.<ref name=":27" /> |
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== Attack against Bolsonaro during campaign event == |
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[[File:Bolsonaro é esfaqueado (2).jpg|left|thumb|Bolsonaro being stabbed at a [[Juiz de Fora]] rally]] |
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[[Jair Bolsonaro]] was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of [[Juiz de Fora]], [[Minas Gerais]] and interacting with supporters.<ref name="Londono18">{{cite news |last1=Londoño |first1=Ernesto |title=Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html |accessdate=6 September 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=6 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Bolsonaro's son, [[Flávio Bolsonaro|Flávio]], has stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.<ref name="Phillips18">{{cite news |last1=Phillips |first1=Dom |title=Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right presidential hopeful stabbed at campaign rally |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/brazil-jair-bolsonaro-far-right-presidential-candidate-stabbed |accessdate=6 September 2018 |work=the Guardian |date=6 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".<ref name="SaveresePrengaman18">{{cite news |last1=Savarese |first1=Mauricio |last2=Prengaman |first2=Peter |title=Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro stabbed during event |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-during-event/2018/09/06/d4f13876-b20c-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_story.html?utm_term=.fc2bd6993e86 |accessdate=6 September 2018 |work=Washington Post |date=6 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seem worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/FlavioBolsonaro/status/1037808900660256773|title=Flávio Bolsonaro 177 Senador_RJ Verified account|last=Flávio|first=Bolsonaro|date=6 September 2018|website=Twitter|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Savarese |first1=Mauricio |last2=Prengaman |first2=Peter |title=Brazilian candidate Jair Bolsonaro stabbed during event |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-event-57652075 |accessdate=6 September 2018 |work=ABC News |date=6 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Londono18" /> Most of the other candidates in the presidential race (from both sides of the [[political spectrum]]), and the current Brazilian president, [[Michel Temer]], condemned the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bolsonaro leva facada em MG: veja repercussão |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/09/06/bolsonaro-leva-facada-veja-repercussao.ghtml |accessdate=6 September 2018 |work=G1.com |date=6 September 2018 |language=pt}}</ref> |
|||
== Debates == |
|||
===First round=== |
|||
====Presidential debates==== |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Mato Grosso do Sul]] |
|||
! Date |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''769,116''' |
|||
! Host |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''55.06%''' |
|||
! Moderator |
|||
|333,407 |
|||
! width=30| Lula (PT) |
|||
|23.87% |
|||
! width=30| Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) |
|||
|112,296 |
|||
! width=30| Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) |
|||
|8.04% |
|||
! width=30| Marina Silva (REDE) |
|||
|90,897 |
|||
! width=30| Ciro Gomes (PDT) |
|||
|6.51% |
|||
! width=30| Álvaro Dias (PODE) |
|||
|91,229 |
|||
! width=30| Henrique Meirelles (MDB) |
|||
|6.52% |
|||
! width=30| Guilherme Boulos (PSOL) |
|||
! width=30| Cabo Daciolo (PATRI) |
|||
! width=30| João Vicente Goulart (PPL) |
|||
! width=30| João Amoêdo (NOVO) |
|||
! width=30| Eymael (DC) |
|||
! width=30| Vera Lúcia (PSTU) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Minas Gerais]] |
|||
| 9 August 2018<ref name="DebateBand">{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/oito-candidatos-a-presidente-participam-de-debate-da-tv-band/|title=Oito candidatos a presidente participam de debate da TV Band na 5ª feira|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|first=Lauriberto|last=Brasil|date=7 August 2018|accessdate=9 August 2018}}</ref> |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''5,308,047''' |
|||
| [[Rede Bandeirantes]] |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''48.31%''' |
|||
| [[Ricardo Boechat]] |
|||
|3,037,957 |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}}{{efn|The Regional Federal Court for the 4th Region rejected Bandeirantes' request to invite Lula to the debate, who is arrested in the Federal Police headquarters in Curitiba since 7 April 2018.<ref name="DebateBand"/>}} |
|||
|27.65% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|1,278,819 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|11.64% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|506,490 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|4.61% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|856,301 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|7.79% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Pará]] |
|||
| 17 August 2018<ref name="DebateRedeTV">{{cite web|url=http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/eleicoes2018/blog/eleicoes-2018/redetv-promove-debates-multiplataforma-entre-candidatos-a-presidencia-e-ao-|title=RedeTV! promove debates multiplataforma entre candidatos à Presidência e ao governo de São Paulo|publisher=RedeTV|language=pt|date=14 August 2018|accessdate=16 August 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|1,499,294 |
|||
| [[RedeTV!]], [[Istoé]] |
|||
|36.19% |
|||
| Amanda Klein, [[Boris Casoy]] and Mariana Godoy |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''1,714,822''' |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}}{{efn|Superior Electoral Court minister Sérgio Banhos rejected Lula's request to take part in RedeTV!'s debate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/08/17/ministro-do-tse-nega-pedido-do-pt-para-lula-participar-de-debate-da-redetv.htm|title=Ministro do TSE nega pedido do PT para Lula participar de debate da RedeTV|publisher=UOL|language=pt|date=17 August 2018|accessdate=17 August 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''41.39%''' |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|415,593 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|10.03% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|229,122 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|5.53% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|283,904 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|6.86% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Paraíba]] |
|||
| 27 August 2018<ref name="DebatePan">{{cite web|url=https://jovempan.uol.com.br/noticias/jovem-pan-decide-nao-promover-debate-presidencial.html|title=Jovem Pan decide não promover debate presidencial|publisher=Jovem Pan|language=pt|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|677,718 |
|||
| [[Jovem Pan]] |
|||
|31.30% |
|||
|N/A |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''984,398''' |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled{{efn|Jovem Pan cancelled the debate after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating the debates and Workers' Party insisting in the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jovempan.uol.com.br/noticias/jovem-pan-decide-nao-promover-debate-presidencial.html|title=Jovem Pan decide não promover debate presidencial|publisher=Jovem Pan|language=pt|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=11 September 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''45.46%''' |
|||
|} |
|||
|362,775 |
|||
|16.75% |
|||
On 1 September 2018, the Superior Electoral Court voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition "''The People Happy Again''" and the vice-presidential candidacy of Fernando Haddad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2018/Setembro/tse-indefere-pedido-de-registro-de-candidatura-de-lula-a-presidencia-da-republica|title=TSE indefere pedido de registro de canddidatura de Lula à Presidência da República|publisher=Tribunal Superior Eleitoral|language=pt|date=1 September 2018|accessdate=9 September 2018}}</ref> The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced the former presidential candidate Manuela D'Ávila as his running mate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/pt-aprova-haddad-para-substituir-lula-como-candidato-a-presidencia/|title=PT aprova Haddad para substituir Lula como candidato à Presidência|publisher=Veja|language=pt|first=Eduardo|last=Gonçalves|date=11 September 2018|accessdate=11 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|51,334 |
|||
|2.37% |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|89,319 |
|||
|4.12% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] |
|||
! Date |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''3,496,448''' |
|||
! Host |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''56.89%''' |
|||
! Moderator |
|||
|1,210,974 |
|||
! width=30| Fernando Haddad (PT) |
|||
|19.70% |
|||
! width=30| Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) |
|||
|510,541 |
|||
! width=30| Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) |
|||
|8.31% |
|||
! width=30| Marina Silva (REDE) |
|||
|220,744 |
|||
! width=30| Ciro Gomes (PDT) |
|||
|3.59% |
|||
! width=30| Álvaro Dias (PODE) |
|||
|706,982 |
|||
! width=30| Henrique Meirelles (MDB) |
|||
|11.51% |
|||
! width=30| Guilherme Boulos (PSOL) |
|||
! width=30| Cabo Daciolo (PATRI) |
|||
! width=30| João Vicente Goulart (PPL) |
|||
! width=30| João Amoêdo (NOVO) |
|||
! width=30| Eymael (DC) |
|||
! width=30| Vera Lúcia (PSTU) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Pernambuco]] |
|||
| 9 September 2018<ref name="DebateTVGazeta">{{cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,estado-faz-debate-com-presidenciaveis,70002493780|title=‘Estado’ faz debate com presidenciáveis|publisher=Estadão|language=pt|date=8 September 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|1,444,685 |
|||
| [[TV Gazeta]], [[O Estado de S. Paulo]] |
|||
|30.57% |
|||
| Maria Lydia Flândoli |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''2,309,104''' |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}}{{efn|Although Lula's candidacy was denied by the Superior Electoral, Haddad is still a vice-presidential candidate, not confirmed officially by the party as presidential candidate.}} |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''48.87%''' |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}}{{efn|After suffering a stabbing on 6 September, Bolsonaro is admitted in Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo.<ref name="DebateGazeta">{{cite web|url=https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/7608809/como-assistir-online-ao-debate-entre-os-candidatos-a-presidente-de-tv-gazeta-e-estadao|title=Como assistir online ao debate entre os candidatos a presidente de TV Gazeta e Estadão|publisher=InfoMoney|language=pt|first=Lara|last=Rizério|date=9 September 2018|accessdate=9 September 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
|640,860 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|13.56% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|77,987 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|1.65% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|252,580 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|5.35% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}}{{efn|Daciolo cancelled his presence in the debate.<ref name="DebateGazeta"/>}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Piauí]] |
|||
| 18 September 2018<ref name="DebatePoder360">{{cite web|url=https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/poder360-e-piaui-farao-debate-presidencial-no-youtube/|title=Poder360 e Piauí farão debate presidencial no Youtube|publisher=Piauí|language=pt|date=19 July 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|346,944 |
|||
| [[piauí (magazine)|Piauí]], Poder360 |
|||
|18.76% |
|||
|N/A |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''1,172,147''' |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled{{efn|The debate was cancelled due to the attack against Bolsonaro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/organizadores-cancelam-debate-poder360-piaui-com-transmissao-pelo-youtube/|title=Organizadores cancelam debate Poder360-piauí com transmissão pelo YouTube|publisher=Poder360|language=pt|date=10 September 2018|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''63.40%''' |
|||
|211,240 |
|||
|11.42% |
|||
|47,974 |
|||
|2.59% |
|||
|70,638 |
|||
|3.83% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] |
|||
| 20 September 2018<ref name="DebateAparecida">{{cite web|url=http://www.a12.com/tv/rede-aparecida-organiza-debate-presidencial-no-santuario-nacional|title=Rede Aparecida organiza debate presidencial no Santuário Nacional|publisher=A12|language=pt|date=6 August 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''5,107,735''' |
|||
| [[Rede Aparecida]] |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''59.79%''' |
|||
| Joyce Ribeiro |
|||
|1,255,425 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|14.69% |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
|1,300,292 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|15.22% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|208,325 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|2.44% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|671,616 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|7.86% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rio Grande do Norte]] |
|||
| 26 September 2018<ref name="DebateSBT">{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/folha-uol-e-sbt-farao-debate-com-presidenciaveis-em-26-de-setembro.shtml|title=Folha, UOL e SBT farão debate com presidenciáveis em 26 de setembro|publisher=Folha de S.Paulo|language=pt|date=6 August 2018|accessdate=9 August 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|541,448 |
|||
| [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]], [[Folha de S.Paulo|Folha]], [[Universo Online|UOL]] |
|||
|30.21% |
|||
| Carlos Nascimento |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''738,165''' |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''41.19%''' |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
|399,766 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|22.31% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|40,405 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|2.25% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|72,469 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|4.04% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rio Grande do Sul]] |
|||
| 30 September 2018<ref name="DebateRecord">{{cite web|url=http://recordtv.r7.com/2018/03/12/record-tv-realiza-debate-presidencial-do-primeiro-turno-no-dia-30-de-setembro/|title=Record TV realiza debate presidencial do primeiro turno no dia 30 de setembro|publisher=Record|language=pt|date=12 March 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''3,353,623''' |
|||
| [[RecordTV]], R7 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''52.63%''' |
|||
| Adriana Araújo, Celso Freitas |
|||
|1,453,291 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|22.81% |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
|724,429 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|11.37% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|350,800 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|5.50% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|490,293 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|7.69% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rondônia]] |
|||
| 4 October 2018<ref name="DebateGlobo">{{cite web|url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/politica/eleicoes/noticia/2018/08/debates-dos-presidenciaveis-na-tv-candidatos-devem-discutir-planos-em-seis-transmissoes-cjkn0fg2h007m01n0iw8cd7lk.html|title=Debates dos presidenciáveis na TV: candidatos devem discutir planos em seis transmissões|publisher=Gaúcha ZH|language=pt|date=9 August 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''538,311''' |
|||
| [[Rede Globo|Globo]], [[G1 (website)|G1]] |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''62.24%''' |
|||
| [[William Bonner (newscaster)|William Bonner]] |
|||
|176,107 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|20.36% |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
|52,118 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|6.03% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|37,048 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|4.28% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|61,317 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|7.09% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|} |
|||
====Vice presidential debates==== |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Roraima]] |
|||
! Date |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''174,306''' |
|||
! Host |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''62.97%''' |
|||
! Moderator |
|||
|49,406 |
|||
! width=30| Fernando Haddad (PT) |
|||
|17.85% |
|||
! width=30| Hamilton Mourão (PSL) |
|||
|14,838 |
|||
! width=30| Ana Amélia (PSDB) |
|||
|5.36% |
|||
! width=30| Eduardo Jorge (REDE) |
|||
|19,231 |
|||
! width=30| Kátia Abreu (PDT) |
|||
|6.95% |
|||
! width=30| Paulo Rabello (PODE) |
|||
|19,007 |
|||
! width=30| Germano Rigotto (MDB) |
|||
|6.87% |
|||
! width=30| Sônia Guajajara (PSOL) |
|||
! width=30| Suelene Balduino (PATRI) |
|||
! width=30| Léo Alves (PPL) |
|||
! width=30| Christian Lohbauer (NOVO) |
|||
! width=30| Helvio Costa (DC) |
|||
! width=30| Hertz Dias (PSTU) |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] |
|||
| 5 September 2018<ref name="DebateVeja">{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/tveja/em-pauta/veja-na-integra-o-debate-entre-candidatos-a-vice-presidente-da-republica/|title=Veja na íntegra o debate entre candidatos a vice-presidente da república|publisher=Veja|language=pt||date=5 September 2018|accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''2,603,665''' |
|||
| [[Veja (magazine)|Veja]] |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''65.82%''' |
|||
| Lillian Witte |
|||
|598,578 |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
|15.13% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|264,312 |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|6.68% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|154,068 |
|||
| {{okay|Absent}} |
|||
|3.89% |
|||
| {{ya|text=Present}} |
|||
|335,160 |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|8.48% |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
| {{na|text=Not invited}} |
|||
|} |
|||
===Second round=== |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[São Paulo (state)]] |
|||
! Date |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''12,378,012''' |
|||
! Host |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''53.00%''' |
|||
! Moderator |
|||
|3,833,982 |
|||
! width=30| Fernando Haddad (PT) |
|||
|16.42% |
|||
! width=30| Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) |
|||
|2,650,440 |
|||
|11.35% |
|||
|2,224,049 |
|||
|9.52% |
|||
|2,266,296 |
|||
|9.71% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Sergipe]] |
|||
| 11 October 2018 |
|||
|310,310 |
|||
| [[Rede Bandeirantes]] |
|||
|27.21% |
|||
| [[Ricardo Boechat]] |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''571,234''' |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled{{efn|The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oantagonista.com/brasil/band-cancela-debate-desta-sexta/|title=Band cancela debate desta sexta|publisher=OAntagonista|language=pt|date=10 October 2018|accessdate=11 October 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''50.09%''' |
|||
|148,526 |
|||
|13.02% |
|||
|45,978 |
|||
|4.03% |
|||
|64,332 |
|||
|5.65% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Tocantins]] |
|||
| 14 October 2018 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''337,782''' |
|||
| [[TV Gazeta]], [[O Estado de S. Paulo]] |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''44.64%''' |
|||
| Maria Lydia Flândoli |
|||
|311,212 |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled{{efn|The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.destakjornal.com.br/brasil/eleicoes-2018/detalhe/band-e-redetv-cancelam-debates-entre-bolsonaro-e-haddad|title=Band e RedeTV! cancelam debates entre Bolsonaro e Haddad|publisher=Destak|language=pt|date=10 October 2018|accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
|41.12% |
|||
|54,262 |
|||
|7.17% |
|||
|21,666 |
|||
|2.86% |
|||
|31,838 |
|||
|4.21% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |Diaspora |
|||
| 15 October 2018 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''113,690''' |
|||
| [[RedeTV!]], [[Istoé]] |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''58.79%''' |
|||
| Amanda Klein, [[Boris Casoy]] and Mariana Godoy |
|||
|19,540 |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled{{efn|The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/eleicoes/redetv-cancela-debate-presidencial-devido-ao-estado-de-saude-de-bolsonaro,a3d20ec13fd3bf70f56afa3d49fca256rcviuaq8.html|title=RedeTV! cancela debate pelo estado de saúde de Bolsonaro|publisher=Terra|language=pt|date=10 October 2018|accessdate=11 October 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
|10.10% |
|||
|- |
|||
|28,073 |
|||
| 17 October 2018 |
|||
|14.52% |
|||
| [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]], [[Folha de S.Paulo|Folha]] |
|||
|6,668 |
|||
| Carlos Nascimento |
|||
|3.45% |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled |
|||
|25,410 |
|||
|- |
|||
|13.14% |
|||
| 21 October 2018 |
|||
|- class="sortbottom" |
|||
| [[RecordTV]], R7 |
|||
| colspan="15" style="text-align:left;" |Source: [https://especiais.g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/apuracao-estado-presidente/ G1] |
|||
| Adriana Araújo, Celso Freitas |
|||
! colspan="13"| Cancelled{{efn|The debate was cancelled because Bolsonaro refused to attend the debate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/apos-recusa-de-bolsonaro-record-cancela-debate-presidencial/|title=Após recusa de Bolsonaro, Record cancela debate presidencial|publisher=Veja|language=pt|date=19 October 2018|accessdate=19 October 2018}}</ref>}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 26 October 2018 |
|||
| [[Rede Globo|Globo]], [[G1 (website)|G1]] |
|||
| [[William Bonner (newscaster)|William Bonner]] |
|||
| {{MaybeCheck|text=Invited}} |
|||
| {{MaybeCheck|text=Invited}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
==== Second round ==== |
|||
==Opinion polls== |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; line-height:20px;" |
|||
{{main|Opinion polling for the Brazilian general election, 2018}} |
|||
! rowspan="3" |[[Departments of Colombia|Department]] |
|||
[[File:BolsoHaddad 2018.png|center|thumb|780x780px|Graph showing 5 poll average trend lines of Brazilian opinion polls for the second round Fernando Haddad (PT) and Bolsonaro (PSL) from April 2018 to the most recent one.]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |[[Jair Bolsonaro|Bolsonaro]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="width:110px;" |[[Fernando Haddad|Haddad]] |
|||
== Results == |
|||
|- |
|||
===President=== |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Social Liberal Party (Brazil)}};" | |
|||
[[File:Candidats premier tour 2018 bresil.png|thumb|First place candidate on first round per state]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}};" | |
|||
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right |
|||
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate |
|||
!rowspan=2|Party |
|||
!rowspan=2|Running mate |
|||
!rowspan=2|Party |
|||
!colspan=2|First round |
|||
!colspan=2|Second round |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!Votes |
!Votes |
||
!% |
! % |
||
!Votes |
!Votes |
||
!% |
! % |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Acre (state)|Acre]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#203b78| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''294,899''' |
|||
|align=left|[[Jair Bolsonaro|'''Jair Bolsonaro''']]||align=left|[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|'''PSL''']]||align=left|[[Antônio Hamilton Mourão|<small>'''Antônio Hamilton Mourão'''</small>]]||align=left|[[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|<small>'''PRTB'''</small>]]||'''49,276,990'''||'''46.03'''|| || |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''77.22%''' |
|||
|86,977 |
|||
|22.78% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Alagoas]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#c00| |
|||
|610,093 |
|||
|align=left|[[Fernando Haddad|'''Fernando Haddad''']]||align=left|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|'''PT''']]||align=left|[[Manuela d'Ávila|<small>'''Manuela d'Ávila'''</small>]]||align=left|[[Communist Party of Brazil|<small>'''PCdoB'''</small>]]||'''31,342,005'''||'''29.28'''|| || |
|||
|40.08% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''912,034''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''59.92%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Amapá]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#f00| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''185,096''' |
|||
|align=left|[[Ciro Gomes]]||align=left|[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]||align=left|[[Kátia Abreu|<small>Kátia Abreu</small>]]||align=left|[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|<small>PDT</small>]]||13,344,366||12.47||colspan=2 rowspan=11| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''50.20%''' |
|||
|183,616 |
|||
|49.80% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] |
|||
|bgcolor="{{Brazilian Social Democracy Party/meta/color}}"| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''885,401''' |
|||
|align=left|[[Geraldo Alckmin]]||align=left|[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]||align=left|[[Ana Amélia Lemos|<small>Ana Amélia</small>]]||align=left|[[Progressistas|<small>PP</small>]]||5,096,349||4.76 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''50.27%''' |
|||
|875,845 |
|||
|49.73% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bahia]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#ff8511| |
|||
|2,060,382 |
|||
|align=left|[[João Amoêdo]]||align=left|[[New Party (Brazil)|NOVO]]||align=left|<small>Christian Lohbauer</small>|| align="left" |[[New Party (Brazil)|<small>NOVO</small>]]||2,679,744||2.50 |
|||
|27.31% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''5,484,901''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''72.69%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Ceará]] |
|||
|bgcolor="{{National Ecologic Party/meta/color}}"| |
|||
|1,384,591 |
|||
|align=left|[[Cabo Daciolo]]||align=left|[[Patriota|PEN]]||align=left|<small>Suelene Balduino</small>|| align="left" |[[Patriota|<small>PEN</small>]]||1,348,323||1.26 |
|||
|28.89% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''3,407,526''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''71.11%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] |
|||
|bgcolor="{{Brazilian Democratic Movement Party/meta/color}}"| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''1,080,411''' |
|||
|align=left|[[Henrique Meirelles]]||align=left|[[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MBD]]||align=left|[[Germano Rigotto|<small>Germano Rigotto</small>]]||align=left|[[Brazilian Democratic Movement|<small>MBD</small>]]||1,288,948||1.20 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''69.99%''' |
|||
|463,340 |
|||
|30.01% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Espírito Santo]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#20b2aa| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''1,276,611''' |
|||
|align=left|[[Marina Silva]]||align=left|[[Sustainability Network|REDE]]||align=left|[[Eduardo Jorge|<small>Eduardo Jorge</small>]]||align=left|[[Green Party (Brazil)|<small>PV</small>]]||1,069,577||1.00 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''63.06%''' |
|||
|747,768 |
|||
|36.94% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Goiás]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#2da933| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''2,124,739''' |
|||
|align=left|[[Álvaro Dias]]||align=left|[[Podemos (Brazil)|PODE]]||align=left|[[Paulo Rabello de Castro|<small>Paulo Rabello de Castro</small>]]||align=left|[[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|<small>PSC</small>]]||859,601||0.80 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''65.52%''' |
|||
|1,118,060 |
|||
| 34.48% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Maranhão]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#b80000| |
|||
|886,565 |
|||
|align=left|[[Guilherme Boulos]]||align=left|[[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]||align=left|[[Sônia Guajajara|<small>Sônia Guajajara</small>]]||align=left|[[Socialism and Liberty Party|<small>PSOL</small>]]||617,122||0.58 |
|||
|26.74% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''2,428,913''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''73.26%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Mato Grosso]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#ffd500| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''1,085,824''' |
|||
|align=left|Vera Lúcia||align=left|[[United Socialist Workers' Party|PSTU]]||align=left|<small>Hertz Dias</small>|| align="left" |[[United Socialist Workers' Party|PSTU]]||55,762||0.05 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''66.42%''' |
|||
|549,001 |
|||
|33.58% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Mato Grosso do Sul]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#afb908| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''872,049''' |
|||
|align=left|[[José Maria Eymael]]||align=left|[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|DC]]||align=left|<small>Hélvio Costa</small>|| align="left" |[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|DC]]||41,710||0.04 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''65.22%''' |
|||
|465,025 |
|||
|34.78% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Minas Gerais]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#006000| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''6,100,107''' |
|||
|align=left|João Vicente Goulart||align=left|[[Free Homeland Party (Brazil)|PPL]]||align=left|<small>Léo Dias</small>|| align="left" |[[Free Homeland Party (Brazil)|PPL]]||30,176||0.03 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''58.19%''' |
|||
|4,382,952 |
|||
|41.81% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Pará]] |
|||
|align=left colspan=5|Invalid/blank votes||10,313,141||–|| ||– |
|||
|1,742,188 |
|||
|45.19% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''2,112,769''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''54.81%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Paraíba]] |
|||
|align=left colspan=5|Total||117,364,560||100|| || |
|||
|782,143 |
|||
|35.02% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''1,451,293''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''64.98%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] |
|||
|align=left colspan=5|Registered voters/turnout||147,305,825||79.67|||| |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''4,224,416''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''68.43%''' |
|||
|1,948,790 |
|||
|31.57% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Pernambuco]] |
|||
|align=left colspan=9|Source: [https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/apuracao/presidente.ghtml Globo] |
|||
|1,661,163 |
|||
|} |
|||
|33.50% |
|||
{{bar box |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''3,297,944''' |
|||
|title=Popular vote (first round) |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''66.50%''' |
|||
|titlebar=#ddd |
|||
|width=550px |
|||
|barwidth=500px |
|||
|bars= |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Jair Bolsonaro|Bolsonaro]]|#203b78|46.03}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Fernando Haddad|Haddad]]|#CC0000|29.28}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Ciro Gomes|Ciro]]|#FF0000|12.47}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Geraldo Alckmin|Alckmin]]|{{Brazilian Social Democracy Party/meta/color}}|4.76}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[João Amoêdo|Amoêdo]]|#FF8511|2.5}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Cabo Daciolo|Daciolo]]|{{National Ecologic Party/meta/color}}|1.26}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Henrique Meirelles|Meirelles]]|{{Brazilian Democratic Movement/meta/color}}|1.2}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Marina Silva|Silva]]|#20b2aa|1.0}} |
|||
{{bar percent|Others|{{Other/meta/color}}|1.5}} |
|||
}} |
|||
===Congress=== |
|||
[[File:Camara_dos_Deputados_do_Brasil_2018.svg|thumb|right|240x240px|Chamber of Deputies]] |
|||
[[File:Senado_Federal_Brasil_2018.svg|thumb|right|240x240px|Senate]] |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right |
|||
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Party |
|||
!colspan=4|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] |
|||
!colspan=5|[[Federal Senate|Senate]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Piauí]] |
|||
!Votes |
|||
|422,095 |
|||
!% |
|||
|22.95% |
|||
!Seats |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''1,417,113''' |
|||
!+/– |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''77.05%''' |
|||
!Votes |
|||
!% |
|||
!Elected |
|||
!Total |
|||
!+/– |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#203b78| ||align=left|[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]]||11,457,878||11.7||52||+44||19,413,869||11.3||4||4||+4 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''5,669,059''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''67.95%''' |
|||
|2,673,386 |
|||
|32.05% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rio Grande do Norte]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#c00| ||align=left|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]||10,126,611||10.3||56||–13|| 24,785,670|| 14.5|| 4||6||–6 |
|||
|652,562 |
|||
|36.59% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''1,131,027''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''63.41%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rio Grande do Sul]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#0059ab| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]]||5,905,541||6.0||29||–25|| 20,310,558|| 11.9|| 4||8||–2 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''3,893,737''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''63.24%''' |
|||
|2,263,171 |
|||
|36.76% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rondônia]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#FFA500| ||align=left|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]]||5,749,008||5.8||34||–2|| 8,202,342|| 4.8|| 4||6||+3 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''594,968''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''72.18%''' |
|||
|229,343 |
|||
|27.82% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Roraima]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#75d9ff| ||align=left|[[Progressistas]]||5,480,067||5.6||37||–1|| 7,529,901|| 4.4|| 5||6||+1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''183,268''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''71.55%''' |
|||
|72.872 |
|||
|28.45% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#2E8B57| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Democratic Movement]]||5,439,167||5.5||34||–32|| 12,800,290|| 7.5|| 7||12||–6 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''2,966,242''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''75.92%''' |
|||
|940,724 |
|||
|24.08% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[São Paulo (state)]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#fc0| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Socialist Party]]||5,386,400||5.5||32||–2|| 8,234,195|| 4.8|| 2||5||–2 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''15,306,023''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''67.97%''' |
|||
|7,212,132 |
|||
|32.03% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Sergipe]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#8585ff| ||align=left|[[Party of the Republic|Republic Party]]||5,224,591||5.3||33||–1||3,130,082||1.8|| 1||2||–2 |
|||
|364,860 |
|||
|32.46% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''759,061''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''67.54%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Tocantins]] |
|||
|bgcolor=#0070c5| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Republican Party]]||4,992,016||5.1||30||+9||1,505,607||0.9|| 1||1||– |
|||
|356,684 |
|||
|48.98% |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''371,593''' |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;" |'''51.02%''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:left;" |Diaspora |
|||
|bgcolor=#000052| ||align=left|[[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]]||4,581,162||4.7||29||+8|| 9,218,658|| 5.4|| 4||7||+2 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''131,671''' |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;" |'''71.02%''' |
|||
|53,730 |
|||
|28.98% |
|||
|- class="sortbottom" |
|||
| colspan="9" style="text-align:left;" |Source: [https://especiais.g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/apuracao-estado-presidente/ G1] |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Voter demographics ==== |
|||
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right;" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="col"| Demographic group |
|||
|bgcolor=#f00| ||align=left|[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]||4,545,846||4.6||28||+9|| 7,737,982|| 4.5|| 2||6||–2 |
|||
! {{party shading/Green}}|Bolsonaro |
|||
! {{party shading/Republican}}|Haddad |
|||
! % of<br />total vote |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Total vote |
|||
|bgcolor=#ed040e| ||align=left|[[Socialism and Liberty Party]]||2,783,669||2.8||10||+5||5,273,853||3.1|| 0||0||–1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 55 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 45 |
|||
| 100 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5|Gender |
|||
|bgcolor=#f0762a| ||align=left|[[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]]||2,748,079||2.8||8||New|| 3,467,746|| 2.0|| 0||0||– |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Men |
|||
|bgcolor=#2da933| ||align=left|[[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]||2,243,320||2.3||11||+7|| 5,494,125|| 3.2|| 1||1||+1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 60 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 40 |
|||
| 47 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Women |
|||
|bgcolor=#ffb6c1| ||align=left|[[Republican Party of the Social Order]]||2,042,610||2.1||8||–3|| 1,370,513|| 0.8|| 1||1||– |
|||
| style="background:#d0c0d7;"| 50 |
|||
| style="background:#d0c0d7;"| 50 |
|||
| 53 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5|Age |
|||
|bgcolor=#646464| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazilian Labour Party]]||2,022,719||2.1||10||–15|| 1,899,838|| 1.1|| 2||4||+1 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 16–24 years old |
|||
|bgcolor=#cc7400| ||align=left|[[Solidariedade]]||1,953,067||2.0||13||–2|| 4,001,903|| 2.3|| 1||1||– |
|||
| style="background:#d0c0d7;"| 50 |
|||
| style="background:#d0c0d7;"| 50 |
|||
| 15 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 25–34 years old |
|||
|bgcolor=#29ad4a| ||align=left|[[Avante (political party)|Avante]]||1,844,048||1.9||7||+5|| 713,379|| 0.4|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 56 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 44 |
|||
| 21 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 35-44 years old |
|||
|bgcolor=#00cc00| ||align=left|[[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]]||1,765,226||1.8||8||–5|| 4,126,068|| 2.4|| 1||1||+1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 56 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 44 |
|||
| 21 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 45-59 years old |
|||
|bgcolor=#006400| ||align=left|[[Green Party (Brazil)|Green Party]]||1,592,173||1.6||4||–4|| 1,226,392|| 0.7|| 0||0||–1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 54 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 46 |
|||
| 24 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 60 and older |
|||
|bgcolor=#f53b34| ||align=left|[[Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)|Popular Socialist Party]]||1,590,084||1.6||8||–2|| 2,954,800|| 1.7|| 2||2||+2 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 56 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 44 |
|||
| 19 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5|Education |
|||
|bgcolor=#faf629| ||align=left|[[Patriota]]||1,432,304||1.5||5||+3|| 60,589|| 0.0|| 0||0||– |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Less than high school |
|||
|bgcolor=#ffb478| ||align=left|[[Humanist Party of Solidarity (Brazil)|Humanist Party of Solidarity]]||1,426,444||1.5||6||+1|| 4,228,973|| 2.5|| 2||2||+2 |
|||
| style="background:#f0f0ff;"| 44 |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;"| 56 |
|||
| 33 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| High school diploma |
|||
|bgcolor=#da251c| ||align=left|[[Communist Party of Brazil]]||1,329,575||1.4||9||–1|| 1,673,190|| 1.0|| 0||0||–1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 58 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 42 |
|||
| 43 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Bachelor's degree or more |
|||
|bgcolor=#7fe3d6| ||align=left|[[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|Progressive Republican Party]]||851,368||0.9||4||+1|| 1,974,061|| 1.2|| 1||1||+1 |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 61 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 39 |
|||
| 24 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5|Family income |
|||
|bgcolor=#2e8b57| ||align=left|[[Sustainability Network]]||816,784||0.8||1||New|| 7,166,003|| 4.2|| 5||5||New |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Under 2x min wage |
|||
|bgcolor=#dcd25a| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party]]||684,976||0.7||0||–1|| 886,267|| 0.5|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#f0f0ff;"| 42 |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;"| 58 |
|||
| 40 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 2-5x min wage |
|||
|bgcolor=#ec2300| ||align=left|[[Party of National Mobilization]]||634,129||0.6||3||–|| 329,973|| 0.2|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 61 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 39 |
|||
| 38 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| 5-10x min wage |
|||
|bgcolor=#009966| ||align=left|[[Christian Labour Party]]||601,814||0.6||2||–|| 222,931|| 0.1|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 69 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 31 |
|||
| 12 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Over 10x min wage |
|||
|bgcolor=#165a2e| ||align=left|[[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|Free Homeland Party]]||385,197||0.4||1||+1|| 504,209|| 0.3|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 67 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 33 |
|||
| 10 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5|Region |
|||
|bgcolor=#0033ff| ||align=left|[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|Christian Democracy]]||369,386||0.4||1||–1|| 154,068|| 0.1|| 0||0||– |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Southeast |
|||
|bgcolor=#333c61| ||align=left|[[Party of the Brazilian Women|Party of Brazilian Women]]||228,302||0.2||0||–|| 51,027|| 0.0|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 63 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 37 |
|||
| 44 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| South |
|||
|bgcolor=#fe0000| ||align=left|[[Brazilian Communist Party]]||61,343||0.1||0||–|| 256,655|| 0.1|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 65 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 35 |
|||
| 15 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Northeast |
|||
|bgcolor=#cd5c5c| ||align=left|[[Unified Workers' Socialist Party|United Socialist Workers Party]]||41,304||0.0||0||–|| 413,914|| 0.2|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#f0f0ff;"| 32 |
|||
| style="background:#ffb6b6;"| 68 |
|||
| 27 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| Central-West |
|||
|bgcolor=#95080e| ||align=left|[[Labour Cause's Party|Workers Cause Party]]||2,785||0.0||0||–|| 38,691|| 0.0|| 0||0||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 66 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 34 |
|||
| 7 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!scope="row"| North |
|||
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||18,771,737||16.0||–||–|| 61,995,824||26.6||–||–||– |
|||
| style="background:#17aa5c;"| 55 |
|||
| style="background:#fff3f3;"| 45 |
|||
| 7 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|align=left colspan=4|Source: [http://media.folha.uol.com.br/datafolha/2018/10/28/b469d4556e176c907bad8986ccc459cd.pdf Datafolha] |
|||
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''117,111,476'''||'''100.0'''||'''513'''||'''0'''||'''117,111,478'''||'''100.0'''||'''54'''||'''81'''||'''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||146,750,529||79.8||–||–|| 146,750,529|| 79.8||–||–||– |
|||
|- |
|||
|align=left colspan=11|Source: [http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=2018&state=BR Election Resources] |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
===Chamber of Deputies=== |
|||
{{Election results |
|||
|image=[[File:Camara_dos_Deputados_do_Brasil_2018.svg]] |
|||
|party1=[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]]|votes1=11457878|seats1=52|sc1=+51 |
|||
|party2=[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]|votes2=10126611|seats2=56|sc2=–13 |
|||
|party3=[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]]|votes3=5905541|seats3=29|sc3=–25 |
|||
|party4=[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]]|votes4=5749008|seats4=34|sc4=–2 |
|||
|party5=[[Progressistas]]|votes5=5480067|seats5=37|sc5=–1 |
|||
|party6=[[Brazilian Democratic Movement]]|votes6=5439167|seats6=34|sc6=–32 |
|||
|party7=[[Brazilian Socialist Party]]|votes7=5386400|seats7=32|sc7=–2 |
|||
|party8=[[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Party of the Republic]]|votes8=5224591|seats8=33|sc8=–1|color8={{party color|Party of the Republic}} |
|||
|party9=[[Republicans (Brazil)|Brazilian Republican Party]]|votes9=4992016|seats9=30|sc9=+9 |
|||
|party10=[[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]]|votes10=4581162|seats10=29|sc10=+8 |
|||
|party11=[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]|votes11=4545846|seats11=28|sc11=+9 |
|||
|party12=[[Socialism and Liberty Party]]|votes12=2783669|seats12=10|sc12=+5 |
|||
|party13=[[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]]|votes13=2748079|seats13=8|sc13=New |
|||
|party14=[[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]|votes14=2243320|seats14=11|sc14=+7 |
|||
|party15=[[Republican Party of the Social Order]]|votes15=2042610|seats15=8|sc15=–3 |
|||
|party16=[[Brazilian Labour Party (1981)|Brazilian Labour Party]]|votes16=2022719|seats16=10|sc16=–15 |
|||
|party17=[[Solidariedade]]|votes17=1953067|seats17=13|sc17=–2 |
|||
|party18=[[Avante (political party)|Avante]]|votes18=1844048|seats18=7|sc18=+6 |
|||
|party19=[[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]]|votes19=1765226|seats19=8|sc19=–5 |
|||
|party20=[[Green Party (Brazil)|Green Party]]|votes20=1592173|seats20=4|sc20=–4 |
|||
|party21=[[Cidadania|Popular Socialist Party]]|votes21=1590084|seats21=8|sc21=–2|color21={{party color|Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)}} |
|||
|party22=[[Patriota]]|votes22=1432304|seats22=5|sc22=+3 |
|||
|party23=[[Humanist Party of Solidarity]]|votes23=1426444|seats23=6|sc23=+1 |
|||
|party24=[[Communist Party of Brazil]]|votes24=1329575|seats24=9|sc24=–1 |
|||
|party25=[[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|Progressive Republican Party]]|votes25=851368|seats25=4|sc25=+1 |
|||
|party26=[[Sustainability Network]]|votes26=816784|seats26=1|sc26=New |
|||
|party27=[[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party]]|votes27=684976|seats27=0|sc27=–1 |
|||
|party28=[[Party of National Mobilization]]|votes28=634129|seats28=3|sc28=0 |
|||
|party29=[[Act (Brazil)|Christian Labour Party]]|votes29=601814|seats29=2|sc29=0|color29={{party color|Christian Labour Party}} |
|||
|party30=[[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|Free Fatherland Party]]|votes30=385197|seats30=1|sc30=+1 |
|||
|party31=[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|Christian Democracy]]|votes31=369386|seats31=1|sc31=–1 |
|||
|party32=[[Brazilian Woman's Party]]|votes32=228302|seats32=0|sc32=New |
|||
|party33=[[Brazilian Communist Party]]|votes33=61343|seats33=0|sc33=0 |
|||
|party34=[[United Socialist Workers' Party]]|votes34=41304|seats34=0|sc34=0 |
|||
|party35=[[Workers' Cause Party]]|votes35=2785|seats35=0|sc35=0 |
|||
|invalid=18771737 |
|||
|total_sc=0 |
|||
|electorate=146750529 |
|||
|source=[http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=2018&state=BR Election Resources] |
|||
}} |
|||
===Senate=== |
|||
{{Election results |
|||
|image=[[File:Senado_Federal_Brasil_2018.svg]] |
|||
|seattype1=Won|seattype2=Total|seattype3=+/– |
|||
|party1=[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]|votes1=24785670|st1t1=4|st2t1=6|st3t1=–6 |
|||
|party2=[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]]|votes2=20310558|st1t2=4|st2t2=9|st3t2=–1 |
|||
|party3=[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]]|votes3=19413869|st1t3=4|st2t3=4|st3t3=New |
|||
|party4=[[Brazilian Democratic Movement]]|votes4=12800290|st1t4=7|st2t4=12|st3t4=–6 |
|||
|party5=[[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]]|votes5=9218658|st1t5=4|st2t5=6|st3t5=+1 |
|||
|party6=[[Brazilian Socialist Party]]|votes6=8234195|st1t6=2|st2t6=2|st3t6=–5 |
|||
|party7=[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]]|votes7=8202342|st1t7=4|st2t7=7|st3t7=+4 |
|||
|party8=[[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]|votes8=7737982|st1t8=2|st2t8=4|st3t8=–4 |
|||
|party9=[[Progressistas]]|votes9=7529901|st1t9=5|st2t9=5|st3t9=0 |
|||
|party10=[[Sustainability Network]]|votes10=7166003|st1t10=5|st2t10=5|st3t10=New |
|||
|party11=[[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]|votes11=5494125|st1t11=1|st2t11=5|st3t11=+5 |
|||
|party12=[[Socialism and Liberty Party]]|votes12=5273853|st1t12=0|st2t12=0|st3t12=–1 |
|||
|party13=[[Humanist Party of Solidarity]]|votes13=4228973|st1t13=2|st2t13=2|st3t13=New |
|||
|party14=[[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]]|votes14=4126068|st1t14=1|st2t14=1|st3t14=+1 |
|||
|party15=[[Solidariedade]]|votes15=4001903|st1t15=1|st2t15=1|st3t15=0 |
|||
|party16=[[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]]|votes16=3467746|st1t16=0|st2t16=0|st3t16=New |
|||
|party17=[[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Party of the Republic]]|votes17=3130082|st1t17=1|st2t17=2|st3t17=–2 |
|||
|party18=[[Cidadania|Popular Socialist Party]]|votes18=2954800|st1t18=2|st2t18=2|st3t18=New|color18={{party color|Popular Socialist Party (Brazil)}} |
|||
|party19=[[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|Progressive Republican Party]]|votes19=1974061|st1t19=1|st2t19=1|st3t19=+1 |
|||
|party20=[[Brazilian Labour Party (1981)|Brazilian Labour Party]]|votes20=1899838|st1t20=2|st2t20=3|st3t20=0 |
|||
|party21=[[Communist Party of Brazil]]|votes21=1673190|st1t21=0|st2t21=0|st3t21=–1 |
|||
|party22=[[Republicans (Brazil)|Brazilian Republican Party]]|votes22=1505607|st1t22=1|st2t22=1|st3t22=0 |
|||
|party23=[[Republican Party of the Social Order]]|votes23=1370513|st1t23=1|st2t23=1|st3t23=0 |
|||
|party24=[[Green Party (Brazil)|Green Party]]|votes24=1226392|st1t24=0|st2t24=0|st3t24=–1 |
|||
|party25=[[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party]]|votes25=886267|st1t25=0|st2t25=0|st3t25=0 |
|||
|party26=[[Avante (political party)|Avante]]|votes26=731379|st1t26=0|st2t26=0|st3t26=0 |
|||
|party27=[[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|Free Fatherland Party]]|votes27=504209|st1t27=0|st2t27=0|st3t27=0 |
|||
|party28=[[United Socialist Workers' Party]]|votes28=413914|st1t28=0|st2t28=0|st3t28=0 |
|||
|party29=[[Party of National Mobilization]]|votes29=329973|st1t29=0|st2t29=0|st3t29=0 |
|||
|party30=[[Brazilian Communist Party]]|votes30=256655|st1t30=0|st2t30=0|st3t30=0 |
|||
|party31=[[Christian Labour Party]]|votes31=222931|st1t31=0|st2t31=1|st3t31=+1 |
|||
|party32=[[Christian Democracy (Brazil)|Christian Democracy]]|votes32=154068|st1t32=0|st2t32=0|st3t32=0 |
|||
|party33=[[Patriota]]|votes33=60589|st1t33=0|st2t33=0|st3t33=0 |
|||
|party34=[[Brazilian Woman's Party]]|votes34=51027|st1t34=0|st2t34=0|st3t34=New |
|||
|party35=[[Workers' Cause Party]]|votes35=38691|st1t35=0|st2t35=0|st3t35=0 |
|||
|party36=[[Independent politician|Independent]]|votes36=0|st1t36=0|st2t36=1|st3t36=+1 |
|||
|totalvotes=117111478 |
|||
|total_st3t=0 |
|||
|electorate=146750529 |
|||
|source=[http://electionresources.org/br/senators.php?election=2018&state=BR Election Resources], [https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/eleicao-em-numeros/noticia/2018/10/08/mdb-rede-e-pp-elegem-o-maior-numero-de-senadores.ghtml G1] |
|||
}} |
|||
==Aftermath and reactions== |
|||
{{Main|Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro}} |
|||
===Americas=== |
|||
====Argentina ==== |
|||
* [[President of Argentina|President]] [[Mauricio Macri]] congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, stating that, "I hope we will work together soon for the relationship between our countries and the welfare of Argentines and Brazilians."<ref>{{cite news |title=Presidente da Argentina parabeniza Jair Bolsonaro no Twitter |url=https://www.valor.com.br/internacional/5954901/presidente-da-argentina-parabeniza-jair-bolsonaro-no-twitter |access-date=28 October 2018 |agency=Valor}}</ref> |
|||
==== Bolivia ==== |
|||
* [[President of Bolivia|President]] [[Evo Morales]] expressed his congratulations, "we greet the brother people of Brazil for their democratic participation in the second round of presidential elections in which Jair Bolsonaro was elected, to whom we extend our recognition. Bolivia and Brazil are brother peoples with deep integration ties."<ref name="dw.com">{{cite news |title=Líderes internacionais parabenizam Bolsonaro |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-br/l%C3%ADderes-internacionais-parabenizam-bolsonaro/a-46066371 |language=pt |date=29 October 2018 |agency=DW}}</ref> |
|||
==== Chile ==== |
|||
* [[President of Chile|President]] [[Sebastián Piñera]] expressed his congratulations on Twitter, "congratulations to the Brazilian people for a clean and democratic election. I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for your great electoral triumph."<ref name="dw.com"/> |
|||
==== Colombia ==== |
|||
* [[President of Colombia|President]] [[Iván Duque Márquez|Iván Duque]] praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "Congratulations to Jair Bolsonaro, the new democratically elected president of Brazil. Our wish for this new stage of the neighboring country to be one of well-being and unity. We look forward to continuing our fellowship relationship to strengthen political, commercial and cultural ties."<ref>{{cite news |title=Iván Duque destaca caráter democrático da eleição de Bolsonaro |url=https://www.efe.com/efe/brasil/destacada/ivan-duque-destaca-carater-democratico-da-elei-o-de-bolsonaro/50000238-3796081 |language=pt |date=28 October 2018 |agency=EFE}}</ref> |
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==== Costa Rica ==== |
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* [[President of Costa Rica|President]] [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada|Carlos Alvarado]] using his official Twitter account expressed: "Costa Rica ratifies its willingness to work with Brazil in favor of inclusion, economic growth and respect for the rights of all people, as well as to achieve the sustainable development of the region."<ref>{{cite news |title=Costa Rica espera trabajar con Bolsonaro y fortalecer multilateralismo |url=http://www.elpais.cr/2018/10/31/costa-rica-espera-trabajar-con-bolsonaro-y-fortalecer-multilateralismo/ |access-date=2 November 2018 |agency=El País CR |date=31 October 2018}}</ref> |
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==== Ecuador ==== |
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* [[President of Ecuador|President]] [[Lenín Moreno]] expressed on Twitter, "More congratulations to the Brazilian people for this new democratic feat. Best wishes for new President Jair Bolsonaro."<ref name="veja.abril.com.br">{{cite news |title=Líderes mundiais cumprimentam Bolsonaro e falam em trabalhar juntos |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/mundo/lideres-internacionais-cumprimentam-bolsonaro-pela-vitoria |language=pt |date=29 October 2018 |agency=Veja}}</ref> |
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==== Mexico ==== |
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* [[President of Mexico|President]] [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "On behalf of the people and the Government of Mexico, I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, on an exemplary day that reflects the democratic strength of that country."<ref name="dw.com"/> |
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==== Paraguay ==== |
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* [[President of Paraguay|President]] [[Mario Abdo Benítez]] expressed on Twitter, "congratulations to the people of Brazil and their elected president Jair Bolsonaro for this election! We want to work together for stronger democracies in the region, with strengthened institutions and always looking for the prosperity of our peoples!"<ref name="dw.com"/> |
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==== Peru ==== |
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* [[President of Peru|President]] [[Martín Vizcarra]] congratulated Bolsonaro on his election, "I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as president of Brazil and I wish him the greatest success in his administration. I express my willingness to work together to deepen our fraternal bilateral relationship."<ref name="dw.com"/> |
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==== United States ==== |
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* [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]] congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory. Trump and Bolsonaro both agreed to work side-by-side to improve the lives of the people of the United States and Brazil, and as regional leaders, of the Americas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-usa/trump-congratulates-brazils-bolsonaro-on-election-win-idUSKCN1N305W|title=Trump congratulates Brazil's Bolsonaro on election win|website=[[Reuters]]|date=29 October 2018 }}</ref> |
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===Asia=== |
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==== China ==== |
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* [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]] [[Xi Jinping]] congratulated Bolsonaro on his election, and said that his country was willing to "respect the fundamental interests" of both nations. He also congratulated the statements made by Bolsonaro shortly after winning the elections, in which he assured that Brazil will maintain ties with China, its main trading partner, regardless of its ideological differences.<ref>{{cite news |title=Xi Jinping felicita Bolsonaro e defende respeito aos interesses dos países |url=https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/xi-jinping-felicita-bolsonaro-e-defende-respeito-aos-interesses-dos-paises |access-date=16 August 2019 |agency=Exame |date=3 January 2019}}</ref> |
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===Europe=== |
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==== France ==== |
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* [[President of France|President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, added that France would look to continue to cooperate with Brazil on areas including environmental issues. “France and Brazil have a strategic partnership based around common values of respect and the promotion of democratic principles,” added Macron in his statement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-france/french-president-macron-congratulates-bolsonaro-on-brazil-win-idUSKCN1N319Y|title=French President Macron congratulates Bolsonaro on Brazil win|website=[[Reuters]]|date=29 October 2018 }}</ref> |
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* [[National Rally (France)|President of the National Rally Party]] [[Marine Le Pen]] praised Bolsonaro on his election victory, "Brazilians just punished the widespread corruption and terrifying crime that thrived during far left governments. Good luck to President Bolsonaro who will have to re-establish Brazil's very compromised economic, security and democratic situation."<ref name="veja.abril.com.br"/> |
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==== Germany ==== |
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* According to an official publication, the [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] said she "hopes that their cooperation will continue to be based on democratic values and the rule of law. Two countries have long been linked by friendly relations and common interests."<ref>{{cite news |title=Merkel felicita Bolsonaro e cita cooperação "baseada em valores democráticos" |url=https://www.efe.com/efe/brasil/mundo/merkel-felicita-bolsonaro-e-cita-coopera-o-baseada-em-valores-democraticos/50000243-3800034 |language=pt |date=1 November 2018 |agency=EFE}}</ref> |
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==== Russia ==== |
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* According to an official publication from the [[Kremlin]], [[Russian President|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]]: "praised the significant experience of mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in various spheres that Russia and Brazil have acquired as part of their strategic collaboration" and "expressed confidence in the further promotion of the entire complex of Russian-Brazilian ties as well as constructive cooperation in the framework of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS and other multilateral organisations in the interests of the Russian and Brazilian people."<ref>{{cite web |title=Greetings to Jair Bolsonaro on winning presidential elections in Brazil |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58946/print |website=Kremlin |access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> |
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==== Italy ==== |
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* [[Deputy Prime Minister of Italy|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[Matteo Salvini]] praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "In Brazil citizens expelled the left! Good job for President Bolsonaro, the friendship between our peoples and government will be even stronger".<ref>{{cite news |title=Premiê italiano parabeniza Bolsonaro e pede extradição de Cesare Battisti |url=http://br.rfi.fr/europa/20181029-premie-italiano-parabeniza-bolsonaro-e-pede-extradicao-de-cesare-battisti |language=pt |date=28 October 2018 |agency=RFI}}</ref> |
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==== Spain ==== |
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* [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] [[Pedro Sánchez]] expressed on Twitter, "The Brazilian people have decided their future for years to come. The challenges will be huge. Brazil will always count on Spain to achieve a more egalitarian and fairer Latin America, the hope that will illuminate the decisions of any ruler."<ref name="veja.abril.com.br"/> |
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===Middle East=== |
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==== Israel ==== |
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* [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, stating that, "I am confident that your election will bring great friendship between the two peoples and strengthen the ties between Brazil and Israel."<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Netanyahu-congratulates-Brazils-President-elect-Bolsonaro-570643 Netanyahu congratulates Brazil's President-elect Bolsonaro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022648/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Netanyahu-congratulates-Brazils-President-elect-Bolsonaro-570643 |date=27 November 2018 }} Jerusalem Post</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Ele Não movement]] – protests against the candidacy of Bolsonaro |
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*[[2018 in Brazil]] |
*[[2018 in Brazil]] |
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*[[São Paulo gubernatorial election |
*[[2018 São Paulo gubernatorial election]] |
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*[[Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election |
*[[2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election]] |
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*[[Espírito Santo gubernatorial election |
*[[2018 Espírito Santo gubernatorial election]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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| Line 792: | Line 1,281: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*Amaral, Oswald E. “The Victory of Jair Bolsonaro According to the Brazilian Electoral Study of 2018.” ''Brazilian Political Science Review'' (2020). 14 (1): e0004 -1/13 [https://www.scielo.br/j/bpsr/a/LqxmCxx8pX3W448MX6dRcWP/?lang=en&format=html online] |
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* Bloch, Agata, and Marco Vallada Lemonte. "Introduction to the Meteoric Political Rise of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro Under a Crisis of the 'Brazilianness'." ''Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik Analityczno-Informacyjny'' 4.106 (2020): 1-22. [http://amerykalacinska.com/ojs/index.php/al/article/download/1031/888 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715104031/http://amerykalacinska.com/ojs/index.php/al/article/download/1031/888 |date=15 July 2021 }} |
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*Boito, Armando. "Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil: Class Conflicts in Workers' Party Governments and the Rise of Bolsonaro Neo-fascism." in ''Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil'' (Brill, 2021). |
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*Chagas-Bastos, Fabrício H. "Political realignment in Brazil: Jair Bolsonaro and the right turn." ''Revista de Estudios Sociales'' 69 (2019): 92-100. [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?output=instlink&q=info:lO6lTsLjowsJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=1,27&scillfp=6778605495508568448&oi=lle online]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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*Da Silva, Antonio José Bacelar, and Erika Robb Larkins. "The Bolsonaro election, antiblackness, and changing race relations in Brazil." ''Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology'' 24.4 (2019): 893-913. [https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/636332/Bacelar_da_Silva_and_Larkins_final.pdf?sequence=1 online] |
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*Duque, Debora, and [[Amy Erica Smith]]. "The Establishment Upside Down: A Year of Change in Brazil." ''Revista de Ciencia Política'' 39.2 (2019). [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9f35/b1232cfc1b28bab855ba8376e2c8e19c8bd8.pdf online] |
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*Layton, Matthew L., et al. "Demographic polarization and the rise of the far right: Brazil's 2018 presidential election." ''Research & Politics'' 8.1 (2021): 2053168021990204. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053168021990204 online] |
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*Santana, Carlos Henrique Vieira, and Marcela Nogueira Ferrario. "Crafting Negative Partisanship in Brazil and the Rise of Bolsonaro in the 2018 Election." (2021) [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos-Santana-4/publication/351114690_Crafting_Negative_Partisanship_in_Brazil_and_the_Rise_of_Bolsonaro_in_the_2018_Election/links/60883b792fb9097c0c13033c/Crafting-Negative-Partisanship-in-Brazil-and-the-Rise-of-Bolsonaro-in-the-2018-Election.pdf online]. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|2018 elections in Brazil}} |
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=== |
===Official campaign websites=== |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181009151456/https://www.geraldoalckmin.com.br/ Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB, DEM, PP, PR, PRB, SD, PTB, PSD, PPS) para Presidente] |
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*[https:// |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190528103512/http://joaoamoedo.com.br/ João Amoêdo (NOVO) para Presidente] |
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*[ |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181031100817/https://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ Jair Bolsonaro (PSL, PRTB) para Presidente] |
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*[https:// |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181013081128/https://vamoscomboulosesonia.com.br/ Guilhemere Boulos (PSOL, PCB) para Presidente] |
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*[https://vamoscomboulosesonia.com.br/ Guilhemere Boulos (PSOL, PCB) para Presidente] |
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*[https://www.alvarodias.com.br/ Álvaro Dias (PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP) para Presidente] |
*[https://www.alvarodias.com.br/ Álvaro Dias (PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP) para Presidente] |
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*[https://www.eymaelpresidente27.com.br/ José Maria Eymael (DC) para Presidente] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190510092200/https://www.eymaelpresidente27.com.br/ José Maria Eymael (DC) para Presidente] |
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*[https://www.portalcirogomes.com.br/ Ciro Gomes (PDT, AVANTE) para Presidente] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180812132936/https://www.portalcirogomes.com.br/ Ciro Gomes (PDT, AVANTE) para Presidente] |
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*[https:// |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190116054030/https://haddadpresidente.com.br/ Fernando Haddad (PT, PROS, PCdoB) para Presidente] |
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*[https://doacaolegal.com.br/vera Vera Lúcia (PSTU) para Presidente] |
*[https://doacaolegal.com.br/vera Vera Lúcia (PSTU) para Presidente] |
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*[http://www.henriquemeirelles.com.br/ Henrique Meirelles (MDB, PHS) para Presidente] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20021012172552/http://www.henriquemeirelles.com.br/ Henrique Meirelles (MDB, PHS) para Presidente] |
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*[https://marinasilva.org.br/ Marina Silva (REDE, PV) para Presidente] |
*[https://marinasilva.org.br/ Marina Silva (REDE, PV) para Presidente] |
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=== |
===Infographics=== |
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*[http://especiais.g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/mapa-da-apuracao-no-brasil-presidente/1-turno/ Map of first round results divided by electoral zones] |
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* [http://especiais.g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/mapa-da-apuracao-no-brasil-presidente/1-turno/ Map of first round results divided by electoral zones] |
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{{Brazilian elections}} |
{{Brazilian elections}} |
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[[Category:2018 |
[[Category:2018 Brazilian general election| ]] |
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[[Category:2018 in Brazil]] |
[[Category:2018 elections in South America|Brazil]] |
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[[Category:General elections in Brazil |
[[Category:General elections in Brazil]] |
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[[Category:October 2018 events in South America]] |
[[Category:October 2018 events in South America|Brazil]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Presidential elections in Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results|2018]] |
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| Turnout | 79.67% (first round) 78.70% (second round)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presidential election results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 257 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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54 of the 81 seats in the Senate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the president, National Congress and state governors. As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff round was held on 28 October.
The election occurred during a tumultuous time in Brazilian politics. Narrowly re-elected in 2014,[2] President Dilma Rousseff of the centre-left Workers’ Party (PT), which had dominated Brazilian politics since 2002, was impeached in 2016.[3] Replacing her was her Vice President, Michel Temer of the centre-right Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.[4] Temer, whose age of 75 at inauguration made him the oldest to ever take office, broke sharply with his predecessor's policies and amended the constitution to freeze public spending.[5] He was extraordinarily unpopular, reaching an approval rating of 7% versus 76% in favor of his resignation.[6] Despite mass demonstrations against his governance, including a 2017 general strike and a 2018 truck drivers’ strike, Temer refused to step down and served the duration of his term in office.[7] Due to being convicted of breaking campaign finance laws, Temer was ineligible to run in 2018.[8]
The candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro, a controversial federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro known for his far-right politics[9][10][11][12] and defense of the former Brazilian military dictatorship,[13][9][14] overshadowed other conservative candidates. Noted for his vehement opposition to abortion[15] and same-sex marriage,[16][17] Bolsonaro joined the small Social Liberal Party (PSL) to mount his bid for the presidency, shifting the party's ideology in favor of social conservatism and nationalism.[18][19] Bolsonaro benefited from opposition to the former PT government and ran in favor of expanding gun ownership in response to high crime,[20] legalizing the death penalty,[21] and the privatization of state-owned companies.[22][23] For the position of Vice President, Bolsonaro chose Hamilton Mourão, a conservative retired general in the Brazilian Army.[24] During the campaign, Bolsonaro was the subject of widespread protests for his homophobic,[25] racist,[26] and misogynistic[27] beliefs. Former Governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin, who ran as a member of the previously dominant centre-right Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), received the worst result for a presidential nominee of his party in Brazilian history.
Former President Lula da Silva, who left office in 2011 with high approval ratings,[28][29] intended to run for president as the candidate of the PT with former Mayor of São Paulo Fernando Haddad as his running-mate.[30] Polling taken during the campaign found Lula as the favorite in both the first and second rounds of the election.[31][32] However, Lula's 2017 conviction on corruption charges barred him from running.[33][34] Haddad, who was largely unknown to Brazilian voters at the time,[35][36] was chosen to run in his place, with Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) deputy Manuela d’Avila of Rio Grande do Sul serving as his running mate.[37] His major opponent on the left was Ciro Gomes, a mainstay of Brazilian politics who ran a centre-left campaign as a member of the Democratic Labour Party (PDT).[38] Following Haddad's advancement to the second round, Ciro did not endorse his campaign, though he did signal opposition to Bolsonaro.[39]
The campaign was marked by political violence, with Bolsonaro being a victim of a stabbing attack at a campaign rally in Minas Gerais[40] and supporters of both Haddad and Bolsonaro falling victim to politically-motivated attacks.[41] Fake news spread on popular messaging app WhatsApp was a focal point of election coverage, with disinformation spread on the app being blamed for influencing voting intentions.[42] In the first round of the election, Bolsonaro received approximately 46% of the vote to Haddad's 29%, with Ciro coming in third place with over 12% of the vote. In the second round, Bolsonaro defeated Haddad by approximately ten percentage points, with the deputy receiving over 55% of the vote to less than 45% for Haddad. Bolsonaro took office on 1 January 2019 as President of Brazil.
Background
[edit]The 2014 elections saw Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff reelected as President in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating Aécio Neves of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party who received 48.4% of the vote.[2] Rousseff had first been elected in the 2010 elections, succeeding her political mentor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was in office from 2003 until 2011.[43]
However, on 3 December 2015, impeachment proceedings against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies.[44] On 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged.[45] Vice President Michel Temer, of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension.[46][47] On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.[48][49] Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état.[50] Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil. His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and heated political periods of modern Brazilian history.[51]
Temer was barred from running for a full term in 2018. He had been convicted of campaign law violations in 2016, and was banned from holding any political office for eight years.[52] He was likely ineligible for a full term in any case due to the manner in which constitutional provisions on term limits are worded. The constitution stipulates that if the Vice President becomes Acting President for any reason, it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. This applies even when the Vice President becomes Acting President whenever the President is abroad.
Electoral system
[edit]
Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years of age.[53] Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being away from their voting location at the time) must pay a fine of 3.51 BRL (equivalent to 0.90 USD in October 2018).[54][55] Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president.[56]
Presidential elections
[edit]The President and the Vice President of Brazil are elected using the two-round system. Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency, and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday in October (in this instance, 7 October 2018).[57] Candidates receiving more than 50% of the overall vote are declared elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday in October (in this instance, 28 October 2018). In the second round, only the two most-voted candidates from the first round may participate. The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil. Candidates for President run for office jointly with a candidate for Vice-President, and the Vice-President is elected as a consequence of the election of the President.[58]
Gubernatorial elections
[edit]The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District are elected in the same way as the president, using two rounds of voting if necessary.[59]
Congressional elections
[edit]Federal Senate elections
[edit]In 2018, two-thirds of the 81 members of the Federal Senate were elected for a term of 8 years in office, the other third having been elected in 2014. Two candidates will be elected from each of the states and Federal District using majority block voting, with voters able to cast two votes each.[60]
Chamber of Deputies elections
[edit]All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (federal deputies) are elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District, varying in size from eight to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.[61]
Legislative Assemblies elections
[edit]All members of the State Legislative Assemblies (state deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (district deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.[62]
Presidential candidates
[edit]Candidates in runoff
[edit]| Party | Presidential candidate | Vice presidential candidate[a] | Coalition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Workers' Party (PT 13) |
|
Fernando Haddad (campaign) Mayor of São Paulo (2013–2017) Minister of Education (2005–2012) |
|
Manuela d'Ávila (PCdoB) State Deputy of Rio Grande do Sul (2015–2019) Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul (2007–2015) |
The People Happy Again: | |
 Social Liberal Party (PSL 17) |
|
Jair Bolsonaro (campaign) Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (1991–2019) |
|
Hamilton Mourão (PRTB) | Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone:
| |
Candidates failing to make runoff
[edit]
Lost in primaries or conventions
[edit]Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
[edit]- Arthur Virgílio Neto, Mayor of Manaus (1989–1992, 2013–2021)[63][64]
Democrats (DEM)
[edit]- Ronaldo Caiado, Senator for Goiás (2015–2023)[65]
- Antônio Carlos Magalhães Neto, Mayor of Salvador (2013–2022); President of the Democrats (2018–)[66]
- Mendonça Filho, Minister of Education (2016–2018)[67]
Party of National Mobilization (PMN)
[edit]- Valéria Monteiro, journalist, model, actress, and television presenter[68][69]
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
[edit]- Guilherme Afif Domingos, former Vice Governor of São Paulo (2011–15)[70][71]
Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)
[edit]- Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Jr., economist and professor at University of Campinas;[72] son of late 2010 nominee Plínio de Arruda Sampaio.
- Hamilton Assis, former leader of Central Única dos Trabalhadores of Bahia (1993–1996)[72]
- Nildo Ouriques, economist and professor at UFSC[72]
- Sônia Guajajara, indigenous activist and militant ecosocialist[72][73]
Declined to be candidates
- Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)
- Roberto Requião, Senator for Paraná (1995–2002 and 2011–2023)[74][75]
- Germano Rigotto, former Governor of Rio Grande do Sul (2003–07)[76][77]
- Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB)
- Levy Fidelix, President of the PRTB (1994–) and nominee for President in 2010 and 2014[78]
- Antônio Hamilton Mourão, Brazilian Army general[79]
- Brazilian Republican Party (PRB)
- Flávio Rocha, CEO and Chairman of Lojas Riachuelo (2005–) and former Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Norte (1987–95)[80]
- Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
- João Doria, former Mayor of São Paulo (2017–18)[81][82]
- Aécio Neves, Senator for Minas Gerais (2010–2018) and nominee for President in 2014[83]
- José Serra, Senator for São Paulo (1996–1998, 2002–03, 2015–16 and 2017–2023) and nominee for President in 2002 and 2010[84]
- Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB)
- Joaquim Barbosa, former Minister of the Supreme Federal Court (2003–14)[85]
- Christian Labour Party (PTC)
- Fernando Collor de Mello, former President of Brazil (1990–92) and Senator for Alagoas (2007–2023)[86][87][88]
- Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB)
- Manuela d'Ávila, former Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul (2007–2015)[89]
- Flávio Dino, Governor of Maranhão (2015–)[90]
- Democrats (DEM)
- Rodrigo Maia, President of the Chamber of Deputies (2016–) and Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul (1999–)[91][92][93][94]
- Green Party (PV)
- Eduardo Jorge, former Federal Deputy for São Paulo (1987–2003)[95][96][97]
- Party of the Republic (PR)
- Josué Gomes, President of the Coteminas Company[93][98][99]
- Magno Malta, Senator for Espírito Santo (2003–2019)[100]
- Patriota (PATRI)
- Roberto Rey, former Vice President of PATRI (2015–17)[101]
- Popular Socialist Party (PPS)
- Cristovam Buarque, Senator for the Federal District (2003–2019) and nominee for President in 2006[102][103]
- Progressive Party (PP)
- Blairo Maggi, Minister of Agriculture (2016-)[104]
- Social Christian Party (PSC)
- Paulo Rabello de Castro, former President of the Brazilian Development Bank (2017–18) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2016–17)[105]
- Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)
- Chico Alencar, Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (2003–)[106][107]
- Marcelo Freixo, State Deputy of Rio de Janeiro (2007–)[106][108]
- Luciana Genro, former Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul (2003–11) and nominee for President in 2014[106]
- Solidarity (SD)
- Aldo Rebelo, former President of the Chamber of Deputies (2005–2007) and member of the Rousseff cabinet (2011–16)[92][93][109][110][111]
- Workers' Party (PT)
- Other
- Silvio Santos, Owner of Grupo Silvio Santos (1958–)[113]
- Pedro Parente, former President of Petrobras (2016–18)[114]
- Roberto Justus, television presenter and Chairman of Grupo Newcomm (1998–)[115][116]
- Luciano Huck, television presenter[117]
- Luís Roberto Barroso, Minister of the Supreme Federal Court (2013-)[118]
Campaign
[edit]Rejection of Lula's candidacy for re-re-election
[edit]On 1 September, the Superior Electoral Court voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy for what would be his third term based on the Lei da Ficha Limpa and his conviction on corruption charges, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition "The People Happy Again" and the candidacy of Fernando Haddad.[119] The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced former presidential candidate Manuela d'Ávila as his running mate.[120]
Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro
[edit]
Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and interacting with supporters.[121] Bolsonaro's son, Flávio, stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.[122] Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".[123] Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seemed worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.[121][124][125] Most of the other candidates in the presidential race as well as and the then-Brazilian president, Michel Temer, condemned the attack.[126] After being stabbed, Bolsonaro did not attend any further debates.[127]
Debates
[edit]Two debates were held on 9 and 17 August, featuring eight presidential candidates: Bolsonaro, Alckmin, Silva, Gomes, Dias, Meirelles, Boulos, and Daciolo. Lula was unable to participate in the debates.[128] The 9 August debate was moderated by Ricardo Boechat,[129] and the 17 August debate was moderated by Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy.[130]
A debate scheduled for 27 August[131] was canceled after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating in the debates and the Workers' Party insisted on the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice.[132] Bolsonaro did not participate in further debates after he was attacked on 6 September.[133]
After a debate on 9 September moderated by Maria Lydia Flândoli,[134] Fernando Haddad participated in all remaining debates. These occurred on 20 September (moderated by Joyce Ribeiro),[135] 26 September (moderated by Carlos Nascimento),[136] 30 September (moderated by Adriana Araújo and Celso Freitas),[137] and 4 October (moderated by William Bonner).[138]
A vice presidential debate was held on 5 September featuring four candidates; Fernando Haddad did not attend.[139]
While several debates were scheduled for the second round, none were held. Debates planned for 12 October,[140] 14 October,[141] and 15 October[142] were cancelled due to Bolsonaro's health issues. A debate scheduled for 21 October[143] was cancelled after the campaigns were unable to agree to terms.
Opinion polls
[edit]Results
[edit]President
[edit]
First Round results
Municipalities won by Jair Bolsonaro:
Municipalities won by Fernando Haddad:
Municipalities won by Ciro Gomes:
Municipalities won by Fernando Haddad:
Municipalities won by Ciro Gomes:
Second Round results
By state
[edit]First round
[edit]| Department | Bolsonaro | Haddad | Gomes | Alckmin | Others | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| Acre | 262,508 | 62.24% | 78,170 | 18.53% | 21,809 | 5.17% | 33,115 | 7.85% | 26,176 | 6.21% | ||||
| Alagoas | 528,355 | 34.40% | 687,247 | 44.75% | 155,457 | 10.12% | 58,580 | 3.81% | 106,107 | 6.92% | ||||
| Amapá | 166,935 | 40.74% | 134,287 | 32.77% | 50,553 | 12.34% | 19,241 | 4.70% | 38,741 | 9.45% | ||||
| Amazonas | 805,902 | 43.48% | 746,998 | 40.30% | 138,997 | 7.50% | 29,190 | 1.57% | 132,504 | 7.15% | ||||
| Bahia | 1,725,140 | 23.41% | 4,441,955 | 60.28% | 693,273 | 9.41% | 172,900 | 2.35% | 335,277 | 4.55% | ||||
| Ceará | 1,061,075 | 21.74% | 1,616,492 | 33.12% | 1,998,597 | 40.95% | 53,157 | 1.09% | 150,834 | 3.10% | ||||
| Federal District | 936,494 | 58.37% | 90,508 | 11.87% | 266,272 | 16.60% | 53,640 | 3.34% | 157,603 | 9.82% | ||||
| Espírito Santo | 1,122,131 | 54.76% | 495,868 | 24.20% | 195,553 | 9.54% | 79,049 | 3.86% | 156,547 | 7.64% | ||||
| Goiás | 1,868,686 | 57.24% | 713,535 | 21.86% | 280,864 | 8.60% | 146,440 | 4.49% | 255,264 | 7.81% | ||||
| Maranhão | 817,511 | 24.28% | 2,062,592 | 61.26% | 282,467 | 8.39% | 50,653 | 1.50% | 153,648 | 4.57% | ||||
| Mato Grosso | 981,119 | 60.04% | 404,604 | 24.76% | 91,344 | 5.59% | 67,498 | 4.13% | 89,571 | 5.48% | ||||
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 769,116 | 55.06% | 333,407 | 23.87% | 112,296 | 8.04% | 90,897 | 6.51% | 91,229 | 6.52% | ||||
| Minas Gerais | 5,308,047 | 48.31% | 3,037,957 | 27.65% | 1,278,819 | 11.64% | 506,490 | 4.61% | 856,301 | 7.79% | ||||
| Pará | 1,499,294 | 36.19% | 1,714,822 | 41.39% | 415,593 | 10.03% | 229,122 | 5.53% | 283,904 | 6.86% | ||||
| Paraíba | 677,718 | 31.30% | 984,398 | 45.46% | 362,775 | 16.75% | 51,334 | 2.37% | 89,319 | 4.12% | ||||
| Paraná | 3,496,448 | 56.89% | 1,210,974 | 19.70% | 510,541 | 8.31% | 220,744 | 3.59% | 706,982 | 11.51% | ||||
| Pernambuco | 1,444,685 | 30.57% | 2,309,104 | 48.87% | 640,860 | 13.56% | 77,987 | 1.65% | 252,580 | 5.35% | ||||
| Piauí | 346,944 | 18.76% | 1,172,147 | 63.40% | 211,240 | 11.42% | 47,974 | 2.59% | 70,638 | 3.83% | ||||
| Rio de Janeiro | 5,107,735 | 59.79% | 1,255,425 | 14.69% | 1,300,292 | 15.22% | 208,325 | 2.44% | 671,616 | 7.86% | ||||
| Rio Grande do Norte | 541,448 | 30.21% | 738,165 | 41.19% | 399,766 | 22.31% | 40,405 | 2.25% | 72,469 | 4.04% | ||||
| Rio Grande do Sul | 3,353,623 | 52.63% | 1,453,291 | 22.81% | 724,429 | 11.37% | 350,800 | 5.50% | 490,293 | 7.69% | ||||
| Rondônia | 538,311 | 62.24% | 176,107 | 20.36% | 52,118 | 6.03% | 37,048 | 4.28% | 61,317 | 7.09% | ||||
| Roraima | 174,306 | 62.97% | 49,406 | 17.85% | 14,838 | 5.36% | 19,231 | 6.95% | 19,007 | 6.87% | ||||
| Santa Catarina | 2,603,665 | 65.82% | 598,578 | 15.13% | 264,312 | 6.68% | 154,068 | 3.89% | 335,160 | 8.48% | ||||
| São Paulo (state) | 12,378,012 | 53.00% | 3,833,982 | 16.42% | 2,650,440 | 11.35% | 2,224,049 | 9.52% | 2,266,296 | 9.71% | ||||
| Sergipe | 310,310 | 27.21% | 571,234 | 50.09% | 148,526 | 13.02% | 45,978 | 4.03% | 64,332 | 5.65% | ||||
| Tocantins | 337,782 | 44.64% | 311,212 | 41.12% | 54,262 | 7.17% | 21,666 | 2.86% | 31,838 | 4.21% | ||||
| Diaspora | 113,690 | 58.79% | 19,540 | 10.10% | 28,073 | 14.52% | 6,668 | 3.45% | 25,410 | 13.14% | ||||
| Source: G1 | ||||||||||||||
Second round
[edit]| Department | Bolsonaro | Haddad | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| Acre | 294,899 | 77.22% | 86,977 | 22.78% | ||||
| Alagoas | 610,093 | 40.08% | 912,034 | 59.92% | ||||
| Amapá | 185,096 | 50.20% | 183,616 | 49.80% | ||||
| Amazonas | 885,401 | 50.27% | 875,845 | 49.73% | ||||
| Bahia | 2,060,382 | 27.31% | 5,484,901 | 72.69% | ||||
| Ceará | 1,384,591 | 28.89% | 3,407,526 | 71.11% | ||||
| Federal District | 1,080,411 | 69.99% | 463,340 | 30.01% | ||||
| Espírito Santo | 1,276,611 | 63.06% | 747,768 | 36.94% | ||||
| Goiás | 2,124,739 | 65.52% | 1,118,060 | 34.48% | ||||
| Maranhão | 886,565 | 26.74% | 2,428,913 | 73.26% | ||||
| Mato Grosso | 1,085,824 | 66.42% | 549,001 | 33.58% | ||||
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 872,049 | 65.22% | 465,025 | 34.78% | ||||
| Minas Gerais | 6,100,107 | 58.19% | 4,382,952 | 41.81% | ||||
| Pará | 1,742,188 | 45.19% | 2,112,769 | 54.81% | ||||
| Paraíba | 782,143 | 35.02% | 1,451,293 | 64.98% | ||||
| Paraná | 4,224,416 | 68.43% | 1,948,790 | 31.57% | ||||
| Pernambuco | 1,661,163 | 33.50% | 3,297,944 | 66.50% | ||||
| Piauí | 422,095 | 22.95% | 1,417,113 | 77.05% | ||||
| Rio de Janeiro | 5,669,059 | 67.95% | 2,673,386 | 32.05% | ||||
| Rio Grande do Norte | 652,562 | 36.59% | 1,131,027 | 63.41% | ||||
| Rio Grande do Sul | 3,893,737 | 63.24% | 2,263,171 | 36.76% | ||||
| Rondônia | 594,968 | 72.18% | 229,343 | 27.82% | ||||
| Roraima | 183,268 | 71.55% | 72.872 | 28.45% | ||||
| Santa Catarina | 2,966,242 | 75.92% | 940,724 | 24.08% | ||||
| São Paulo (state) | 15,306,023 | 67.97% | 7,212,132 | 32.03% | ||||
| Sergipe | 364,860 | 32.46% | 759,061 | 67.54% | ||||
| Tocantins | 356,684 | 48.98% | 371,593 | 51.02% | ||||
| Diaspora | 131,671 | 71.02% | 53,730 | 28.98% | ||||
| Source: G1 | ||||||||
Voter demographics
[edit]| Demographic group | Bolsonaro | Haddad | % of total vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vote | 55 | 45 | 100 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 60 | 40 | 47 | |
| Women | 50 | 50 | 53 | |
| Age | ||||
| 16–24 years old | 50 | 50 | 15 | |
| 25–34 years old | 56 | 44 | 21 | |
| 35-44 years old | 56 | 44 | 21 | |
| 45-59 years old | 54 | 46 | 24 | |
| 60 and older | 56 | 44 | 19 | |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 44 | 56 | 33 | |
| High school diploma | 58 | 42 | 43 | |
| Bachelor's degree or more | 61 | 39 | 24 | |
| Family income | ||||
| Under 2x min wage | 42 | 58 | 40 | |
| 2-5x min wage | 61 | 39 | 38 | |
| 5-10x min wage | 69 | 31 | 12 | |
| Over 10x min wage | 67 | 33 | 10 | |
| Region | ||||
| Southeast | 63 | 37 | 44 | |
| South | 65 | 35 | 15 | |
| Northeast | 32 | 68 | 27 | |
| Central-West | 66 | 34 | 7 | |
| North | 55 | 45 | 7 | |
| Source: Datafolha | ||||
Chamber of Deputies
[edit]
Senate
[edit]
Aftermath and reactions
[edit]Americas
[edit]Argentina
[edit]- President Mauricio Macri congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, stating that, "I hope we will work together soon for the relationship between our countries and the welfare of Argentines and Brazilians."[144]
Bolivia
[edit]- President Evo Morales expressed his congratulations, "we greet the brother people of Brazil for their democratic participation in the second round of presidential elections in which Jair Bolsonaro was elected, to whom we extend our recognition. Bolivia and Brazil are brother peoples with deep integration ties."[145]
Chile
[edit]- President Sebastián Piñera expressed his congratulations on Twitter, "congratulations to the Brazilian people for a clean and democratic election. I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for your great electoral triumph."[145]
Colombia
[edit]- President Iván Duque praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "Congratulations to Jair Bolsonaro, the new democratically elected president of Brazil. Our wish for this new stage of the neighboring country to be one of well-being and unity. We look forward to continuing our fellowship relationship to strengthen political, commercial and cultural ties."[146]
Costa Rica
[edit]- President Carlos Alvarado using his official Twitter account expressed: "Costa Rica ratifies its willingness to work with Brazil in favor of inclusion, economic growth and respect for the rights of all people, as well as to achieve the sustainable development of the region."[147]
Ecuador
[edit]- President Lenín Moreno expressed on Twitter, "More congratulations to the Brazilian people for this new democratic feat. Best wishes for new President Jair Bolsonaro."[148]
Mexico
[edit]- President Enrique Peña Nieto praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "On behalf of the people and the Government of Mexico, I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, on an exemplary day that reflects the democratic strength of that country."[145]
Paraguay
[edit]- President Mario Abdo Benítez expressed on Twitter, "congratulations to the people of Brazil and their elected president Jair Bolsonaro for this election! We want to work together for stronger democracies in the region, with strengthened institutions and always looking for the prosperity of our peoples!"[145]
Peru
[edit]- President Martín Vizcarra congratulated Bolsonaro on his election, "I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as president of Brazil and I wish him the greatest success in his administration. I express my willingness to work together to deepen our fraternal bilateral relationship."[145]
United States
[edit]- President Donald Trump congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory. Trump and Bolsonaro both agreed to work side-by-side to improve the lives of the people of the United States and Brazil, and as regional leaders, of the Americas.[149]
Asia
[edit]China
[edit]- President Xi Jinping congratulated Bolsonaro on his election, and said that his country was willing to "respect the fundamental interests" of both nations. He also congratulated the statements made by Bolsonaro shortly after winning the elections, in which he assured that Brazil will maintain ties with China, its main trading partner, regardless of its ideological differences.[150]
Europe
[edit]France
[edit]- President Emmanuel Macron congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, added that France would look to continue to cooperate with Brazil on areas including environmental issues. “France and Brazil have a strategic partnership based around common values of respect and the promotion of democratic principles,” added Macron in his statement.[151]
- President of the National Rally Party Marine Le Pen praised Bolsonaro on his election victory, "Brazilians just punished the widespread corruption and terrifying crime that thrived during far left governments. Good luck to President Bolsonaro who will have to re-establish Brazil's very compromised economic, security and democratic situation."[148]
Germany
[edit]- According to an official publication, the Chancellor Angela Merkel said she "hopes that their cooperation will continue to be based on democratic values and the rule of law. Two countries have long been linked by friendly relations and common interests."[152]
Russia
[edit]- According to an official publication from the Kremlin, President Vladimir Putin: "praised the significant experience of mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in various spheres that Russia and Brazil have acquired as part of their strategic collaboration" and "expressed confidence in the further promotion of the entire complex of Russian-Brazilian ties as well as constructive cooperation in the framework of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS and other multilateral organisations in the interests of the Russian and Brazilian people."[153]
Italy
[edit]- Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "In Brazil citizens expelled the left! Good job for President Bolsonaro, the friendship between our peoples and government will be even stronger".[154]
Spain
[edit]- Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez expressed on Twitter, "The Brazilian people have decided their future for years to come. The challenges will be huge. Brazil will always count on Spain to achieve a more egalitarian and fairer Latin America, the hope that will illuminate the decisions of any ruler."[148]
Middle East
[edit]Israel
[edit]- Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, stating that, "I am confident that your election will bring great friendship between the two peoples and strengthen the ties between Brazil and Israel."[155]
See also
[edit]- Ele Não movement – protests against the candidacy of Bolsonaro
- 2018 in Brazil
- 2018 São Paulo gubernatorial election
- 2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election
- 2018 Espírito Santo gubernatorial election
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Disclosure of Election Results". Superior Electoral Court. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ a b Brazil keen to open trade talks with UK Archived 1 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times, 22 July 2016
- ^ Catherine E. Shoichet; Euan McKirdy. "Brazil's Senate ousts Rousseff in impeachment vote". CNN. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Brazil's Rousseff ousted by Senate, Temer sworn in". Reuters. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ Magalhaes, Luciana; Jelmayer, Rogerio (31 August 2016). "Michel Temer Seeks New Start as Brazil's President". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
- ^ Phillips, Dom (26 June 2017). "President Michel Temer of Brazil Is Charged With Corruption". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
- ^ Romero, Simon (26 May 2017). "Their Government in Chaos, Brazilians Fear the Joke Is on Them". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ^ Greenwald, Glenn (3 June 2016). "Credibility of Brazil's Interim President Collapses as He Receives 8-Year Ban on Running for Office". The Intercept. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- ^ a b Brooke, James (25 July 1993). "Conversations/Jair Bolsonaro; A Soldier Turned Politician Wants To Give Brazil Back to Army Rule". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ Editorial Board (8 October 2018). "Brazilian Swamp Drainer". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
- ^ "O inquietante 'fenômeno Bolsonaro'". brasil.elpais.com (in Portuguese). 7 October 2014. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ "Brazil's congress starts to reform itself". The Economist. 14 October 2017. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ "Defensor da Ditadura, Jair Bolsonaro reforça frase polêmica: "o erro foi torturar e não matar" - Pânico - Jovem Pan FM São Paulo 100.9". Jovem Pan FM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 July 2016. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Bolsonaro chama ditadura militar brasileira de "intervenção democrática"". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Bolsonaro, em Porto Alegre, confirma ser contra o aborto e a favor da redução da maioridade penal – Jornal O Sul". Osul.com.br. 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
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- ^ "Bolsonaro é condenado a pagar R$ 150 mil por declarações contra gays". Folha de S.Paulo. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ "Com chegada de Bolsonaro, Livres anuncia saída do PSL". Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^ "Como o PSL tomou espaço da centro-direita na Câmara". Nexo Jornal. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^ Phillips, Tom (19 April 2018). "Trump of the tropics: the 'dangerous' candidate leading Brazil's presidential race". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ "Jair Bolsonaro: "Sou preconceituoso, com muito orgulho"". revistaepoca.globo.com. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ "Bolsonaro diz que é liberal e adota discurso que agrada investidores". 1.folha.uol.com.br. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ Finchelstein, Federico (14 October 2018). "Brasil: todas las opciones son malas". Clarín. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ "Mourão diz que neto é 'branqueamento da raça'". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 October 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ "'You have a terribly homosexual face': Brazil's president launches homophobic attack on journalist". The Independent. 21 December 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ Phillips, Tom (24 January 2020). "Jair Bolsonaro's racist comment sparks outrage from indigenous groups". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ "'Feminism is sexist': The women backing Brazil's Bolsonaro". 23 October 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ "Lula leaves office as Brazil's 'most popular' president". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
- ^ "Lula's last lap". The Economist. 8 January 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
- ^ "TSE indefere pedido de registro de canddidatura de Lula à Presidência da República" (in Portuguese). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 1 September 2018. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
- ^ Brooks, Anthony Boadle, Brad (31 January 2018). "Brazil's presidential race up for grabs with Lula out, poll shows". Reuters (in French). Retrieved 30 November 2020.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[dead link] - ^ Rapoza, Kenneth. "Why Brazil's Ex-President Lula Leads Polls In An Election He Cannot Even Run In". Forbes. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ^ "Brazil: Lula da Silva barred from running for presidency". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ^ Darlington, Shasta; Andreoni, Manuela (1 September 2018). "Brazilian Court Rules That 'Lula' Cannot Run for President (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "A oito meses da eleição, pesquisa aponta vitória de Flávio Dino no primeiro turno no Maranhão" (in Portuguese). Revista Fórum. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
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- ^ Netanyahu congratulates Brazil's President-elect Bolsonaro Archived 27 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine Jerusalem Post
Further reading
[edit]- Amaral, Oswald E. “The Victory of Jair Bolsonaro According to the Brazilian Electoral Study of 2018.” Brazilian Political Science Review (2020). 14 (1): e0004 -1/13 online
- Bloch, Agata, and Marco Vallada Lemonte. "Introduction to the Meteoric Political Rise of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro Under a Crisis of the 'Brazilianness'." Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik Analityczno-Informacyjny 4.106 (2020): 1-22. online Archived 15 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- Boito, Armando. "Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil: Class Conflicts in Workers' Party Governments and the Rise of Bolsonaro Neo-fascism." in Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil (Brill, 2021).
- Chagas-Bastos, Fabrício H. "Political realignment in Brazil: Jair Bolsonaro and the right turn." Revista de Estudios Sociales 69 (2019): 92-100. online[permanent dead link]
- Da Silva, Antonio José Bacelar, and Erika Robb Larkins. "The Bolsonaro election, antiblackness, and changing race relations in Brazil." Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 24.4 (2019): 893-913. online
- Duque, Debora, and Amy Erica Smith. "The Establishment Upside Down: A Year of Change in Brazil." Revista de Ciencia Política 39.2 (2019). online
- Layton, Matthew L., et al. "Demographic polarization and the rise of the far right: Brazil's 2018 presidential election." Research & Politics 8.1 (2021): 2053168021990204. online
- Santana, Carlos Henrique Vieira, and Marcela Nogueira Ferrario. "Crafting Negative Partisanship in Brazil and the Rise of Bolsonaro in the 2018 Election." (2021) online.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2018 elections in Brazil.
Official campaign websites
[edit]- Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB, DEM, PP, PR, PRB, SD, PTB, PSD, PPS) para Presidente
- João Amoêdo (NOVO) para Presidente
- Jair Bolsonaro (PSL, PRTB) para Presidente
- Guilhemere Boulos (PSOL, PCB) para Presidente
- Álvaro Dias (PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP) para Presidente
- José Maria Eymael (DC) para Presidente
- Ciro Gomes (PDT, AVANTE) para Presidente
- Fernando Haddad (PT, PROS, PCdoB) para Presidente
- Vera Lúcia (PSTU) para Presidente
- Henrique Meirelles (MDB, PHS) para Presidente
- Marina Silva (REDE, PV) para Presidente
Infographics
[edit]| Presidential elections | |
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| Parliamentary elections | |
| Gubernatorial elections | |
| State elections | |
| Municipal elections | |
| Regency elections | |
| Referendums | |
