View source for 2022 Michigan Proposal 3

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox referendum
| name = Proposal 3
| title = '''Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative'''
| date = November 8, 2022
| country = Michigan
| location = {{flag|Michigan}}, United States
| yes = 2,482,382
| no = 1,898,906
| total = 4,381,288
| invalid = 
| map = {{Switcher
|[[File:2022 Michigan Proposal 3 results map by county.svg|280px]]
| County results
|[[File:MI Proposal 3 2022.svg|280px]]
| Congressional district results
|[[File:MI Proposal 3 2022 State Senate Districts.svg|280px]]
| State senate district results
|[[File:2022 Michigan Proposal 3 results map by municipality.svg|240px]]
| Municipality results
}}
| mapcaption = 
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Yes''' 
{{legend|#28497C|80–90% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{legend|#47729E|70–80% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{legend|#7D9CBB|60–70% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{legend|#B6C8D9|50–60% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{col-2}}
'''No'''
{{legend|#5D5D2D|80–90% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{legend|#8B8B54|70–80% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{legend|#BCBC83|60–70% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{legend|#DEDEBD|50–60% |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{col-3}}
'''Tie'''
{{legend|#EBEEED |border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}
{{col-end}}
| notes = 
}}
{{Elections in Michigan sidebar}}
'''2022 Michigan Proposal 3''', the '''Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative''', also known as '''Reproductive Freedom for All''', was a [[Initiatives and referendums in the United States#Initiated state constitutional amendment|citizen-initiated]] proposed constitutional amendment in the state of [[Michigan]], which was voted on as part of the [[2022 Michigan elections]]. The amendment, which passed, codified [[reproductive rights]], including access to [[abortion]], in the [[Constitution of Michigan]].

==Background==
{{see also|Abortion in Michigan}}
Following the ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization]]'' ruling which overturned ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', access to [[abortion in Michigan]] became regulated by a 1931 law which criminalized abortion except in cases where the mother's life was at risk. The law was ruled unconstitutional by Michigan Court of Claims Judge [[Elizabeth L. Gleicher]], characterizing the law as a violation of [[due process]]; however, the case was appealed to the [[Michigan Supreme Court]]. Regardless of the outcome of that appeal, there was no clear constitutional protection for abortion access in Michigan, making further potential regulation of abortion access by the legislature possible.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boucher |first=Dave |date=September 7, 2022 |title=Michigan judge rules 1931 law criminalizing most abortions is unconstitutional |work=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2022/09/07/michigan-abortion-law-1931-ruled-unconstitutional/65872882007/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004013639/https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2022/09/07/michigan-abortion-law-1931-ruled-unconstitutional/65872882007/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022}}</ref>
<!--need to expand this + find sourcing tying these topics together and explaining -->

The amendment was introduced to overturn the 1931 abortion ban and make the right to "reproductive freedom" explicit in the Michigan Constitution.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mulka |first=Angela |date=October 27, 2022 |title=What Proposal 3 would do: Abortion on the ballot in Michigan |work=[[Midland Daily News]] |url=https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/what-proposal-3-would-do-michigan-17536267.php |url-status=live |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031213625/https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/what-proposal-3-would-do-michigan-17536267.php |archive-date=October 31, 2022}}</ref> The Reproductive Freedom For All ballot committee gathered 753,759 signatures for the constitutional amendment, the most ever gathered for a ballot measure in state history, and more than enough for it to be placed on the 2022 ballot. On August 31, the Board of State Canvassers, responsible for determining whether candidates and initiatives should be placed on the ballot, deadlocked 2–2, with challengers arguing that the initiative's wording was poorly-spaced. On September 9, the [[Michigan Supreme Court]] ruled 5-2 that the initiative should be placed on the November ballot.<ref name="bridgemi-election-proposals" />

==Contents==
The proposal appeared on the ballot as follows:<ref name="official-ballot-text" />
{{Blockquote|'''A proposal to amend the state constitution to establish new individual right to reproductive freedom, including right to make all decisions about pregnancy and abortion; allow state to regulate abortion in some cases; and forbid prosecution of individuals exercising established right'''

This proposed constitutional amendment would:

* Establish new individual right to reproductive freedom, including right to make and carry out all decisions about pregnancy, such as prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum care, contraception, sterilization, abortion, miscarriage management, and infertility;
* Allow state to regulate abortion after fetal viability, but not prohibit if medically needed to protect a patient’s life or physical or mental health;
* Forbid state discrimination in enforcement of this right; prohibit prosecution of an individual, or a person helping a pregnant individual, for exercising rights established by this amendment;
* Invalidate state laws conflicting with this amendment.

Should this proposal be adopted?
}}Restrictions on reproductive rights must be implemented in the "least restrictive means", and with a "compelling" interest.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-21 |title=To Stop An Abortion-Rights Amendment, Conservatives Are Attacking LGBTQ Rights |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/abortion-michigan-proposition-3-ad-lgbtq_n_6352fd0ce4b08e0e608e8e57 |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Michigan Proposal 3 fact check: No, masseuses won't give abortions to minors |url=https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/michigan-proposal-3-fact-check-no-masseuses-wont-give-abortions-minors |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=[[Bridge Michigan]] |language=en}}</ref>

The full text of the section that the proposal added to Article I of the state constitution is as follows:<ref>{{cite web |title=Ballot Proposal 3 of 2022 (Michigan) |url=https://www.house.mi.gov/hfa/PDF/Alpha/Ballot_Proposal_3_of_2022.pdf |website=Michigan State House of Representatives |access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref>

:Sec. 28. (1) Every individual has a fundamental right to reproductive freedom, which entails the right to make and effectuate decisions about all matters relating to pregnancy, including but not limited to prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum care, contraception, sterilization, abortion care, miscarriage management, and infertility care.

:An individual’s right to reproductive freedom shall not be denied, burdened, nor infringed upon unless justified by a compelling state interest achieved by the least restrictive means.

:Notwithstanding the above, the state may regulate the provision of abortion care after fetal viability, provided that in no circumstance shall the state prohibit an abortion that, in the professional judgment of an attending health care professional, is medically indicated to protect the life or physical or mental health of the pregnant individual.

:(2) The state shall not discriminate in the protection or enforcement of this fundamental right.

:(3) The state shall not penalize, prosecute, or otherwise take adverse action against an individual based on their actual, potential, perceived, or alleged pregnancy outcomes, including but not limited to miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion. Nor shall the state penalize, prosecute, or otherwise take adverse action against someone for aiding or assisting a pregnant individual in exercising their right to reproductive freedom with their voluntary consent.

:(4) For the purposes of this section:

:A state interest is “compelling” only if it is for the limited purpose of protecting the health of an individual seeking care, consistent with accepted clinical standards of practice and evidence-based medicine, and does not infringe on that individual’s autonomous decision-making. “Fetal viability” means: the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of an attending health care professional and based on the particular facts of the case, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus’s sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures.

:(5) This section shall be self-executing. Any provision of this section held invalid shall be severable from the remaining portions of this section.

== Arguments ==

=== Proponents of Proposal 3 ===
The proposal's main supporters, Reproductive Freedom for All, state that Proposal 3 would "ensure that all Michiganders have the right to safe and respectful care during birthing, everyone has the right to use temporary or permanent birth control, everyone has the right to continue or end a pregnancy pre-viability, and no one can be punished for having a miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haddad |first=Ken |date=2022-06-29 |title=Michigan abortion ballot drive nears signature goal in final push for Nov. election |url=https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/michigan/2022/06/29/michigan-abortion-ballot-drive-nears-signature-goal-in-final-push-for-nov-election/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=WDIV |language=en}}</ref>

=== Opponents of Proposal 3 ===
The proposal's main opponents, Citizens to Support MI Women and Children, have called Proposal 3 "extreme", arguing that it could invalidate 41 state laws related to abortion and other issues (including [[prostitution]], [[statutory rape]], and [[human cloning]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Megan |title=Five States to Vote on Abortion Rights This Election Day |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/october/abortion-ballot-november-election-state-california-michigan.html |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Christianity Today |date=October 28, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitutional Amendment Summary |url=https://supportmiwomenandchildren.org/amendment-summary |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Citizens to Support MI Women & Children |language=en-US}}</ref> They have argued that due to the right to reproductive freedom applying to "all individuals", that it would repeal the requirement for minors to receive parental consent in order to receive an abortion. The group also asserted that the proposal would allow any "attending health care professional" to perform an abortion (a definition under state law that includes athletic trainers and [[Massage|masseuses]]), and repeal safety standards and inspections of abortion clinics.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[University of Detroit Mercy]] associate law professor Michelle Richards argued that such issues could still be regulated under Proposal 3, as a compelling interest to protect the safety and welfare of residents.<ref name=":1" />

Opponents of Proposal 3 claimed that the amendment would codify an "unlimited right to abortion" by allowing abortions up to the last week of pregnancy for any reason.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-09 |title=Michigan Is Sleepwalking toward Abortion Extremism |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2022/10/michigan-is-sleepwalking-toward-abortion-extremism/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=Former Dem Congresswoman Warns Michigan's Abortion Referendum Would Allow 'Infanticide' |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/former-dem-congresswoman-warns-michigans-abortion-referendum-would-allow-infanticide/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref>

It was also argued by opponents that Proposal 3 would allow minors to receive [[puberty blocker]]s, [[castration]], or a [[hysterectomy]] without parental consent, under an interpretation of the proposal that classified these procedures as falling under "infertility" and "sterilization".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Washtenaw County, Michigan|Washtenaw County]] Prosecuting Attorney [[Eli Savit]] and University of Michigan constitutional law professor [[Leah Litman]] disputed the claim, citing that Proposal 3 specifically defines the right to "reproductive freedom" as being within the context of pregnancy, with no explicit references to other contexts such as [[transgender health care]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Clara Hendrickson and Dave |title=Michigan's abortion amendment: Here's what it will and won't do if approved |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2022/08/16/michigan-abortion-law-amendment/10296812002/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Detroit Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
The Michigan Supreme Court will have to rule on the precise effects of the amendment.

==Fundraising==
Reproductive Freedom for All has received $44 million, mostly from groups such as the [[ACLU]], [[Planned Parenthood]], and [[NARAL]] and [[Sam Bankman-Fried]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBF {{!}}A new indictment shows how Sam Bankman-Fried's political influence worked |url=https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/2/23/23611925/sam-bankman-fried-campaign-donations-indictment-woke |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=}}</ref><ref name="cfrsearch.nictusa.com">{{Cite web |title=Statement Details {{!}} Michigan Campaign Finance Committee Search |url=https://cfrsearch.nictusa.com/documents/536254/details?type=web |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=cfrsearch.nictusa.com}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Citizens to Support MI Women and Children has raised almost $17 million from groups such as the Michigan Catholic Conference and Right to Life of Michigan. Both committees have spent millions of dollars on advertising, including on TV and digital ads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ollstein |first=Alice Miranda |title=Michigan abortion-rights battle rakes in cash ahead of referendum |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/31/michigan-abortion-cash-referendum-00064253 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=POLITICO |date=October 31, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement Details {{!}} Michigan Campaign Finance Committee Search |url=https://cfrsearch.nictusa.com/documents/536436/details?type=web |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=cfrsearch.nictusa.com}}</ref><ref name="cfrsearch.nictusa.com"/>

==Polling==
Opinion polls for the first few months before the referendum indicated significant majority support for the amendment. Its popularity waned from the initial summer backlash from the ''Dobbs'' decision, but nonetheless, the amendment had a clear lead in the polls throughout the campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Orner |first=Ben |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Prop 3 fight eclipses $50 million: 'Yes' outraising 'No' and polling ahead |work=[[MLive.com]] |url=https://www.mlive.com/public-interest/2022/10/prop-3-fight-eclipses-50-million-yes-outraising-no-and-polling-ahead.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102230556/https://www.mlive.com/public-interest/2022/10/prop-3-fight-eclipses-50-million-yes-outraising-no-and-polling-ahead.html |archive-date=November 2, 2022}}</ref>
;Graphical summary
{{Graph:Chart
| legend      = Legend

| y1Title     = Yes
| y1          = 0.67, 0.56, 0.64, 0.616, 0.6, 0.54, 0.52, 0.54, 0.5, 0.55, 0.51, 0.57, 0.522, 0.51, 0.517

| y2Title     = No
| y2          = 0.24, 0.23, 0.27, 0.236, 0.33, 0.38, 0.38, 0.45, 0.47, 0.41, 0.42, 0.4, 0.427, 0.46, 0.436

| y3title     = Undecided
| y3          = 0.09, 0.21, 0.09, 0.14, 0.07, 0.07, 0.10, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 0.04, 0.051, 0.03, 0.047

| xAxisTitle  = Date
| xAxisAngle  = -40
| xAxisFormat = %B %d
| xAxisMax    = 1668000000000
| xGrid       = yes
| xType       = date
| x           = 2022/08/23, 2022/09/13, 2022/09/19, 2022/09/29, 2022/10/06, 2022/10/12, 2022/10/14, 2022/10/18, 2022/10/19, 2022/10/28, 2022/10/31, 2022/11/01, 2022/11/02, 2022/11/03, 2022/11/04

| yAxisTitle  = Percentage
| yAxisFormat = %
| yGrid       = yes

| interpolate = bundle
| height      = 300
| width       = 800
| vannotatonsline  = 2022/11/08
| vannotatonslabel = Election
| colors      = #47729E, #8B8B54, #808080
| type        = line
| showSymbols = 1
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|- valign=bottom
! Poll source
! Date(s)<br />administered
! data-sort-type="number"| Sample<br />size{{efn|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear|name="Key"}}
! Margin<br />of error
! style="width:100px;"| For<br />Proposal 3
! style="width:100px;"| Against<br />Proposal 3
! Undecided{{efn|Some polling results do not add up to 100% due to [[rounding]].}}
! Lead
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.cygn.al/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Cygnal-MI-Toplines-110522.pdf Cygnal (R)]
| data-sort-value="2022-11-04" |November 1–4, 2022
|1,603 (LV)
|±&nbsp;2.5%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''52%'''
|44%
|5%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|8%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://mirs-uploads.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/8613-Mitchell%20-%20MIRS%20Press%20Release%20MI%20Poll%2011-4-22.pdf Mitchell Research]
| data-sort-value="2022-11-03" |November 3, 2022
|658 (LV)
|±&nbsp;3.8%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''51%'''
|46%
|3%{{efn|name=Mitchell|"Don’t plan on voting on the proposal" with 3%}}
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|5%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.cygn.al/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Cygnal-MI-Toplines-110322.pdf Cygnal (R)]
| data-sort-value="2022-11-02" |October 31 – November 2, 2022
|1,754 (LV)
|±&nbsp;2.3%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''52%'''
|43%
|5%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|9%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.woodtv.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2022/11/EPIC-MRA-October-November-2022-poll-numbers-110422.pdf EPIC-MRA]{{efn|name=DFP}}
| data-sort-value="2022-11-01" |October 28{{snd}}November 1, 2022
|600 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''57%'''
|40%
|4%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|17%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://emersoncollegepolling.com/michigan-2022-governor-whitmer-maintains-five-point-lead-over-tudor-dixon/ Emerson College]
| data-sort-value="2022-10-31" |October 28–31, 2022
|900 (LV)
|±&nbsp;3.2%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''51%'''
|42%
|7%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|9%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.clickondetroit.com/decision-2022/2022/11/01/poll-where-michigan-voters-stand-on-3-ballot-proposals-1-week-before-election/ The Glengariff Group, Inc.]{{Efn|name=WDIV}}
| data-sort-value="2022-10-28" |October 26–28, 2022
|600 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''55%'''
|41%
|4%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|14%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.realclearpolitics.com/docs/2022/Mitchell_-_MIRS_Press_Release_MI_Poll_10-20-22.pdf Mitchell Research]
| data-sort-value="2022-10-19" |October 19, 2022
|541 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.2%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''50%'''
|47%
|3%{{efn|name=Mitchell|"Don’t plan on voting on the proposal" with 3%}}
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|3%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"|[https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/23178931/cnn-poll-on-michigan.pdf CNN/SSRS]
| data-sort-value="2022-10-18" rowspan="2"|October 13–18, 2022
|901 (RV)
|±&nbsp;4.2%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''54%'''
|45%
|1%{{efn|"No opinion" with 1%}}
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|9%
|-
|651 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.9%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''54%'''
|45%
|2%{{efn|"No opinion" with 2%}}
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|9%
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://emersoncollegepolling.com/michigan-2022-gov-whitmer-holds-five-point-lead-over-tudor-dixon-majority-plan-to-vote-yes-for-proposal-3-on-abortion/ Emerson College]
| data-sort-value="2022-10-14" |October 12–14, 2022
|580 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''52%'''
|38%
|10%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|14%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://ssl2002.webhosting.comcast.net/epic-mra/press/Stwd_Survey_Oct2022_Media1_Freq.pdf EPIC-MRA]
| data-sort-value="2022-10-12" |October 6–12, 2022
|600 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''60%'''
|33%
|7%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|27%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s04p69otLd2J3DYMm21g9DLmAz6DhSlq/ CBS News/YouGov]
| data-sort-value="2022-10-06" |October 3–6, 2022
|1,285&nbsp;(RV){{Efn|Poll conducted among 1,285 registered voters, question results from a subset of likely voters.}}
|±&nbsp;3.6%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''54%'''
|38%
|7%{{efn|"Won’t vote on this proposal" with 7%}}
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|16%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.clickondetroit.com/decision-2022/2022/10/05/poll-where-michigan-voters-stand-on-term-limits-abortion-rights-voting-rights-ballot-proposals/ The Glengariff Group, Inc.]{{Efn|Commissioned by [[WDIV-TV]] and [[The Detroit News]]|name=WDIV}}
| data-sort-value="2022-09-29" |September 26–29, 2022
|600 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''62%'''
|24%
|14%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|38%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://www.woodtv.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2022/09/2022-September-EPIC-MRA-survey.pdf EPIC-MRA]{{efn|name=DFP|Commissioned by the [[Detroit Free Press]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hendrickson |first=Clara |date=September 22, 2022 |title=Michigan abortion proposal has strong support, poll shows |work=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/09/22/michigan-abortion-proposal-has-strong-support-poll-shows/69507400007/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221021212407/https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/09/22/michigan-abortion-proposal-has-strong-support-poll-shows/69507400007/ |archive-date=October 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hendrickson |first=Clara |date=November 5, 2022 |title=Where support for Michigan ballot proposals stands before Nov. 8 election |work=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/11/05/poll-michigan-voters-back-abortion-voting-rights-proposals/69620322007/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221105201538/https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/11/05/poll-michigan-voters-back-abortion-voting-rights-proposals/69620322007/ |archive-date=November 5, 2022}}</ref>}}
| data-sort-value="2022-09-19" |September 15–19, 2022
|600 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''64%'''
|27%
|9%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|37%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://ssl2002.webhosting.comcast.net/epic-mra/press/Statewide_Sept2022_Freq.pdf EPIC-MRA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001015511/https://ssl2002.webhosting.comcast.net/epic-mra/press/Statewide_Sept2022_Freq.pdf |date=October 1, 2022 }}
| data-sort-value="2022-09-13" |September 7–13, 2022
|800 (LV)
|±&nbsp;3.5%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''56%'''
|23%
|21%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|33%
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[https://ssl2002.webhosting.comcast.net/epic-mra/press/Stwd_Survey_Aug2022_Media_Freq.pdf EPIC-MRA]
| data-sort-value="2022-08-23" |August 18–23, 2022
|600 (LV)
|±&nbsp;4.0%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|'''67%'''
|24%
|9%
|style="background: #B6C8D9;"|43%
|}
<!--
==Results
{{Referendum
| title = Proposal 3
| yes = 
| yespct = 
| no = 
| nopct = 
| total = 
}}
-->

==Results==
Proposal 3 was approved with 56.66% of the vote.<ref name="mich-2022-general-results" /> One factor in the proposal's passage was the increased participation in the midterm election by younger voters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2023/03/01/michigan-2022-midterm-election-november-voter-turnout-young-women-men/69889627007/ | title=Michigan's youngest voters made biggest gains in midterm voter turnout }}</ref>
{{Referendum
| title = Proposal 3<ref name="mich-2022-general-results" />
| yes = 2,482,382
| yespct = 56.66
| no = 1,898,906
| nopct = 43.34
| total = 4,381,288
}}

Results by congressional district are shown below. "Yes" won 9 congressional districts, including 2 held by Republicans.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=" font-size: 95%"
! rowspan="2"| Congressional district
! colspan="2" |Yes
! colspan="2" |No
!Total Votes
! colspan="2" |Representative
|-
!#
!%
!#
!%
!#
!Name
|-
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | [[Michigan's 1st congressional district|District 1]]
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 190,678
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 49.2%
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''197,133'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''50.8%'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 387,811
| {{Party shading/Republican}} align="center" | [[Jack Bergman]]
|-
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | [[Michigan's 2nd congressional district|District 2]]
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 153,029
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 44.6%
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''189,911'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''55.4%'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 342,940
| {{Party shading/Republican}} align="center" | [[John Moolenaar]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 3rd congressional district|District 3]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''188,644'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''55.8%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 149,562
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 44.2%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 338,206
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Hillary Scholten]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 4th congressional district|District 4]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''174,564'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''51.5%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 164,312
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 48.5%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 338,876
| {{Party shading/Republican}} align="center" | [[Bill Huizenga]]
|-
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | [[Michigan's 5th congressional district|District 5]]
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 146,014
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 46.3%
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''169,428'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''53.7%'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 315,442
| {{Party shading/Republican}} align="center" | [[Tim Walberg]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 6th congressional district|District 6]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''254,036'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''68.5%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 116,855
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 31.5%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 370,891
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Debbie Dingell]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 7th congressional district|District 7]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''212,554'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''57.4%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 157,867
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 42.6%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 370,421
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Elissa Slotkin]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 8th congressional district|District 8]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''186,899'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''56.2%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 145,546
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 43.8%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 332,445
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Dan Kildee]]
|-
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | [[Michigan's 9th congressional district|District 9]]
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 177,814
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 46.9%
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''201,012'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | '''53.1%'''
| bgcolor=#FEA align="center" | 378,826
| {{Party shading/Republican}} align="center" | [[Lisa McClain]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 10th congressional district|District 10]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''185,349'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''57.6%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 136,305
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 42.4%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 321,654
| {{Party shading/Republican}} align="center" | [[John James (Michigan politician)|John James]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 11th congressional district|District 11]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''246,413'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''66.9%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 121,644
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 33.1%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 368,057
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Haley Stevens]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 12th congressional district|District 12]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''197,198'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''71.1%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 80,181
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 28.9%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 277,379
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Rashida Tlaib]]
|-
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | [[Michigan's 13th congressional district|District 13]]
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''170,943'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | '''72.1%'''
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 66,155
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 27.9%
| bgcolor=#ACF align="center" | 237,098
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | [[Shri Thanedar]]
|-
!Totals
| align="center" | '''2,482,382'''
| align="center" | '''56.7%'''
| align="center" | 1,898,906
| align="center" | 43.3%
| align="center" | 4,381,288
| align="center" | 7D, 6R
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="13" style="font-size:85%; text-align:left;" | Source: [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1rF0Js0BZvIsazVzN6jPM8CW2jt_-8snfFOkGJB_BpPU/edit Google Sheets]
|}

In the wake of the constitutional amendment's approval, the 1931 abortion law was repealed on April 5, 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/press-releases/2023/04/05/governor-whitmer-repeals-michigans-extreme-1931-abortion-ban | title=Governor Whitmer Repeals Michigans Extreme 1931 Abortion Ban}}</ref> The Reproductive Health Act, which repealed several abortion restrictions, was enacted on November 21, 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2023/11/21/whitmer-repeals-michigan-abortion-restrictions/71657347007/ | title=Whitmer signs Michigan 'Reproductive Health Act,' repeals abortion restrictions }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mlive.com/politics/2023/11/how-michigan-did-and-didnt-change-abortion-laws-in-2023.html | title=How Michigan did, and didn't, change abortion laws in 2023 | date=November 24, 2023 }}</ref> The act also repealed a Republican-passed 10-year-old law requiring a separate health insurance add-on for abortion coverage that critics called 'rape insurance'.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mlive.com/politics/2023/12/michigan-removes-rape-insurance-abortion-coverage-requirement.html | title=Michigan removes 'rape insurance' abortion coverage requirement | date=December 11, 2023 }}</ref>

==Recount==
The America Project, a [[Donald Trump]]-aligned organization, funded a partial recount of this proposal, as well as [[2022 Michigan Proposal 2]], despite their passage by wide margins. The recount was spearheaded by Jerome Jay Allen of the conservative group Election Integrity Fund and Force. The recount lasted two weeks, and added 116 "yes" votes and 7 "no" votes to the totals. This led to calls to tighten recount rules, to disallow, or make more expensive for those who request them, frivolous recounts with no chance of changing the vote outcome.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brand-Williams|first=Oralandar|date=December 21, 2022|title= Two-week recount of Proposals 2, 3 ends quietly, changes little in Michigan|work=[[Bridge Michigan]]|url=https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/two-week-recount-proposals-2-3-ends-quietly-changes-little-michigan |access-date=December 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/election-recount-reforms-pass-michigan-senate-over-gop-objections | title=Election recount reforms pass Michigan Senate over GOP objections &#124; Bridge Michigan }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Abortion in Michigan]]
* {{annotated link|2022 Kansas abortion referendum}}
* {{annotated link|2022 California Proposition 1}}
* {{annotated link|2022 Montana Legislative Referendum 131}}
* {{annotated link|November 2023 Ohio Issue 1}}
* [[2022 Vermont Proposal 5]]
* [[2024 Arizona Proposition 139]]
* [[2024 Colorado Amendment 79]]
* [[2024 Florida Amendment 4]]
* [[2024 Maryland Question 1]]
* [[2024 Missouri Amendment 3]]
* [[2024 Montana Initiative 128]]
* [[2024 Nebraska Right to Abortion Initiative]]
* [[2024 New York Proposal 1]]
* [[Nevada Question 6|2024 Nevada Question 6]]
* [[2024 South Dakota Amendment G]]
* [[List of Michigan ballot measures]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="official-ballot-text">{{cite web |title=Proposal 22-3 |url=https://www.michigan.gov/sos/-/media/Project/Websites/sos/BSC-Announcements/Proposal/Proposal-22-3-Ballot-Language.pdf |publisher=Michigan Bureau of Elections |access-date=October 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022001102/https://www.michigan.gov/sos/-/media/Project/Websites/sos/BSC-Announcements/Proposal/Proposal-22-3-Ballot-Language.pdf |archive-date=October 22, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="bridgemi-election-proposals">{{cite news |last1=Yu |first1=Yue Stella |title=2022 Michigan ballot issues tracker: What to know about election proposals |url=https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/2022-michigan-ballot-issues-tracker-what-know-about-election-proposals |access-date=October 4, 2022 |work=[[Bridge Michigan]] |date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004151231/https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/2022-michigan-ballot-issues-tracker-what-know-about-election-proposals |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |url-status=live |location=[[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]]}}</ref>
<ref name="mich-2022-general-results">{{cite web |title=2022 Michigan Election Results - General |url=https://mielections.us/election/results/2022GEN_CENR.html |publisher=[[Michigan Secretary of State]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129162327/https://mielections.us/election/results/2022GEN_CENR.html |archive-date=November 29, 2022 |date=November 28, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*{{ballotpedia}}

[[Category:2022 ballot measures|Michigan Proposal 3]]
[[Category:2022 Michigan elections|Proposal 3]]
[[Category:Abortion referendums]]
[[Category:Michigan ballot proposals]]
[[Category:United States state abortion legislation]]
[[Category:Women in Michigan]]
[[Category:U.S. state constitutional amendments]]
[[Category:Sterilization (medicine)]]