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**A [[Plastisphere#Degradation by microorganisms|genetically engineered marine microorganism]] is shown to break down [[polyethylene terephthalate]] in [[Saline water|salt water]]. This plastic, used in everything from water bottles to clothing, is a significant contributor to [[Marine plastic pollution#Microplastics|microplastic pollution in oceans]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Tianyu |last2=Menegatti |first2=Stefano |last3=Crook |first3=Nathan |title=Breakdown of polyethylene therepthalate microplastics under saltwater conditions using engineered Vibrio natriegens |journal=AIChE Journal |date=14 September 2023 |volume=69 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/aic.18228 |bibcode=2023AIChE..69E8228L |s2cid=261929494 |language=en |issn=0001-1541|doi-access=free }}
**A [[Plastisphere#Degradation by microorganisms|genetically engineered marine microorganism]] is shown to break down [[polyethylene terephthalate]] in [[Saline water|salt water]]. This plastic, used in everything from water bottles to clothing, is a significant contributor to [[Marine plastic pollution#Microplastics|microplastic pollution in oceans]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Tianyu |last2=Menegatti |first2=Stefano |last3=Crook |first3=Nathan |title=Breakdown of polyethylene therepthalate microplastics under saltwater conditions using engineered Vibrio natriegens |journal=AIChE Journal |date=14 September 2023 |volume=69 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/aic.18228 |bibcode=2023AIChE..69E8228L |s2cid=261929494 |language=en |issn=0001-1541|doi-access=free }}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Genetically Modified Bacteria Break Down Plastics in Saltwater |url=https://news.ncsu.edu/2023/09/breaking-down-marine-plastics/ |date=14 September 2023 |work=[[North Carolina State University|NC State University]] |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref>
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Genetically Modified Bacteria Break Down Plastics in Saltwater |url=https://news.ncsu.edu/2023/09/breaking-down-marine-plastics/ |date=14 September 2023 |work=[[North Carolina State University|NC State University]] |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref>
**A study finds that [[rivers]] are [[Effects of climate change on ecosystems#Freshwater ecosystems|warming]] and [[Hypoxia (environmental)#Aquatic hypoxia|losing oxygen]] faster than [[oceans]]. Of nearly 800 rivers, warming occurred in 87% and oxygen loss occurred in 70%. The study projects that within 70 years, river systems could "induce acute death" and extinctions of aquatic species due to long low oxygen levels.<!--https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/air-conditioning-rivers-and-streams-could-save-overheated-fish/--><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhi |first1=Wei |last2=Klingler |first2=Christoph |last3=Liu |first3=Jiangtao |last4=Li |first4=Li |title=Widespread deoxygenation in warming rivers |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=October 2023 |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=1105–1113 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01793-3 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1105Z |s2cid=261928052 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373939754 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
**A study finds that rivers are warming and [[Hypoxia (environmental)#Aquatic hypoxia|losing oxygen]] faster than [[oceans]]. Of nearly 800 rivers, warming occurred in 87% and oxygen loss occurred in 70%. The study projects that within 70 years, river systems could "induce acute death" and extinctions of aquatic species due to long low oxygen levels.<!--https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/air-conditioning-rivers-and-streams-could-save-overheated-fish/--><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhi |first1=Wei |last2=Klingler |first2=Christoph |last3=Liu |first3=Jiangtao |last4=Li |first4=Li |title=Widespread deoxygenation in warming rivers |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=October 2023 |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=1105–1113 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01793-3 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1105Z |s2cid=261928052 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373939754 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Rivers rapidly warming, losing oxygen; aquatic life may be at risk, study finds |url=https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/rivers-rapidly-warming-losing-oxygen-aquatic-life-may-be-risk-study-finds/ |date=14 September 2023 |work=[[Pennsylvania State University]] |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref>
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Rivers rapidly warming, losing oxygen; aquatic life may be at risk, study finds |url=https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/rivers-rapidly-warming-losing-oxygen-aquatic-life-may-be-risk-study-finds/ |date=14 September 2023 |work=[[Pennsylvania State University]] |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref>
**Astronomers report studies related to the [[Hubble tension]], a disagreement in results attempting to measure the [[Hubble constant]], and find that the results from the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] support earlier results from the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. According to astronomer [[Adam Riess]], "With Webb confirming the measurements from Hubble, the Webb measurements provide the strongest evidence yet that systematic errors in Hubble's Cepheid photometry do not play a significant role in the present Hubble tension ... As a result, the more interesting possibilities remain on the table and the mystery of the tension deepens."<ref name="SA-20230914">{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=JWST Just Measured The Expansion Rate of The Universe. Astronomers Are Stumped. |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-just-measured-the-expansion-rate-of-the-universe-astronomers-are-stumped |date=14 September 2023 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230916211757/https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-just-measured-the-expansion-rate-of-the-universe-astronomers-are-stumped |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20230728">{{cite journal |author=Riess, Adam |display-authors=et al. |author-link=Adam Riess |title=Crowded No More: The Accuracy of the Hubble Constant Tested with High Resolution Observations of Cepheids by JWST |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=28 July 2023 |volume=956 |issue=1 |pages=L18 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acf769 |arxiv=2307.15806 |bibcode=2023ApJ...956L..18R |doi-access=free }}</ref>
**Astronomers report studies related to the [[Hubble tension]], a disagreement in results attempting to measure the [[Hubble constant]], and find that the results from the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] support earlier results from the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. According to astronomer [[Adam Riess]], "With Webb confirming the measurements from Hubble, the Webb measurements provide the strongest evidence yet that systematic errors in Hubble's Cepheid photometry do not play a significant role in the present Hubble tension ... As a result, the more interesting possibilities remain on the table and the mystery of the tension deepens."<ref name="SA-20230914">{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=JWST Just Measured The Expansion Rate of The Universe. Astronomers Are Stumped. |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-just-measured-the-expansion-rate-of-the-universe-astronomers-are-stumped |date=14 September 2023 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230916211757/https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-just-measured-the-expansion-rate-of-the-universe-astronomers-are-stumped |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20230728">{{cite journal |author=Riess, Adam |display-authors=et al. |author-link=Adam Riess |title=Crowded No More: The Accuracy of the Hubble Constant Tested with High Resolution Observations of Cepheids by JWST |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=28 July 2023 |volume=956 |issue=1 |pages=L18 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acf769 |arxiv=2307.15806 |bibcode=2023ApJ...956L..18R |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Revision as of 10:19, 20 February 2024

List of years in science (table)
+...

The following scientific events occurred or were scheduled to occur in 2023.

Events

January

February

March

April

12 April: Researchers demonstrate an 'AI scientist' that can rediscover physical laws from axioms and data.
14 April: Launch of the JUICE mission to Jupiter.
Image version of this section

May

1 May: A new non-invasive brain-reading method for "semantic decoding" based on fMRI is demonstrated.
8 May: Infrared view of three asteroid belts around the star Fomalhaut.
17 May: A more complex model of human evolution.
22 May: 2.7 °C global warming could by 2100 leave every third outside the human climate niche (MAT ≥29 °C).
25 May: Artificial intelligence is reported to have designed a new antibiotic, effective against Acinetobacter baumannii (pictured).

June

Reporting low Antarctic sea ice extent in mid 2023, researchers concluded that a "regime shift" may be taking place "in which previously important relationships no longer dominate sea ice variability".[199]

July

5 July: A first evolution experiment of synthetic bacterial 'minimal cells' JCVI-syn3B shows "life finds a way".
18 July: Naturally occurring graphene is reported for the first time.
21 July: A first study investigates theories popularized in 2018 that involve jobs being viewed as objectively useless to society.
Hazard research: An analysis relating to the Rotterdam Convention shows illegal trade of highly hazardous chemicals continues.

August

3 August: Dogxim, the first known foxdog hybrid is reported.
2023's June–July–August season was the warmest on record globally by a large margin, as El Niño conditions continued to develop.[394]

September

11 September: NASA reports that the exoplanet K2-18b (artist's impression) may be covered in oceans of water.
September 2023 was the warmest September on record globally, with an average surface air temperature 0.5 °C above the temperature of the previous warmest September (2020).[425]
18 September: LCLS-II becomes the world's most powerful X-ray laser (illustration of an undulator, the core of a free-electron laser)
24 September: Samples from the hazardous asteroid Bennu are successfully returned to Earth.
  • 24 September – Scientists report the successful return of samples from NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission to the asteroid 101955 Bennu.[461] Shortly after the sample container was retrieved and transferred to an "airtight chamber at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas", the lid on the container was opened. Scientists commented that they "found black dust and debris on the avionics deck of the OSIRIS-REx science canister" on the initial opening. Later study was planned. A news conference on the asteroid sample is scheduled for 11 October 2023.[462]
  • 25 September
    • A study on Pangaea Ultima finds that the hypothetical supercontinent will make Earth uninhabitable to most life forms in 250 million years, due to extreme temperatures and radiation.[463]
    • Biologists report the discovery of a ninth species of pangolin, a mammal which is covered with large, protective keratin scales.[464]
  • 26 September – Work begins on the seventh and final primary mirror of the Giant Magellan Telescope, which is expected to provide quadruple the image resolution of previous observatories when completed.[465]
Hazard research: the planetary boundaries framework assessment gets updated, showing a sixth limit to be transgressed.

October

5 October: The most comprehensive cosmological simulations are reported with challenging results
13 October: Launch of NASA's Psyche mission.
31 October: The first discovery of a virus, phage MiniFlayer, that attaches to another helper virus is reported.
31 October: The coalition behind Plan S publishes a proposal to the scientific community for moving scholarly communication towards open science practices to address alleged issues in scholarly communication.

November

December

2023 saw the highest global average surface temperature in recorded history.[653]

Awards

Deaths

See also

References

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