View source for Adam Baworowski

{{short description|Austrian-Polish tennis player (1913–1943)}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
|name                         = Adam Baworowski
|image                        = Adam baworowski.jpg
|caption                      = Baworowski (center), during a reception for the 1939 Davis Cup match between Poland and China
|country                      = {{flagicon|Austria}} Austria (1918–38)<br/>{{flagicon|Poland}} Poland (1938–41)<br/>{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Germany (1941–43)
|birth_date                   = 9 August 1913
|birth_place                  = [[Vienna]], Austria-Hungary
|death_date                   = 1943 (aged 29)
|death_place                  = [[Stalingrad]], USSR
|turnedpro                    = 1929 (amateur tour)
|retired                      = 1941
|plays                        = Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
|FrenchOpenresult             = 4R ([[1937 French Championships – Men's singles|1937]], [[1938 French Championships – Men's singles|1938]])
|Wimbledonresult              = 1R ([[1933 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1933]], [[1936 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1936]], [[1939 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1939]])
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult      = SF (1939)
|WimbledonDoublesresult       = 2R (1936, 1939)
|Mixed                        = yes
| FrenchOpenMixedresult       = 2R (1937)
| WimbledonMixedresult        = 2R (1936, 1939)
| Team = yes
| DavisCupresult = SF<sup>Eu</sup> ([[1936 International Lawn Tennis Challenge|1936]])
}}

'''Count Adam Baworowski''' ({{IPA|pol|ˈadam bavɔˈrɔfskʲi}}; 9 August 1913 – 1943) was an [[Austria]]n-[[Poland|Polish]] [[tennis]] player.

== Biography ==

===Early life and family===
Count Adam Baworowski descended from the [[szlachta|Polish noble]] family ''[[:de:Baworowski (Adelsgeschlecht)|Baworowski]]''. He was the son of Count Rudolf Baworow-Baworowski (1865–1931) and Austrian Countess Maria [[:de:Chorinsky (Adelsgeschlecht)|Chorinsky von Ledske]] (1876–1963), the former who was the [[Chamberlain (office)|Chamberlain]] of [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] and had estates in [[Lviv]] and where Adam often spent his childhood years.{{sfn|Le Gaulois 1901; Mariages}}{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} He had three brothers and three sisters, Emil, Stefan, Rudolf, Matylda, Marya and Franciszka. He went to school in [[Vienna]] and as the family spoke German at home Adam was alienated from his Polish roots in the beginning.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}}

He started playing tennis at a very early age and started taking coaching lessons from the Van Dycków brothers. He attended the tennis club at the [[Prater]] where he had a chance to meet [[Georg von Metaxa]], his later Davis Cup teammate and friend.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} In 1927, he had a victory over [[Henner Henkel]] at the Youth Games. In 1929, at the age of 13 he already defeated then-Polish champion [[Maximilian Stolarow]].{{sfn|Rzeczpospolita 2003; Last summer on the Riviera}} In 1931, he won the Austrian junior tennis championships as well as the international junior championships of Berlin in singles and doubles.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} He was ranked tenth on the Austrian rankings.{{sfn|Straits Times 1935; Lawn Tennis team visiting India}} The next year he was classified fifth.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1932; Tennis}} While in 1934 he climbed to number four on the same list.{{sfn|Straits Times 1935; Lawn Tennis team visiting India}} In 1935, he won the national singles and doubles championships and drew attention with back to back straight victories against famed players [[Franz Wilhelm Matejka]] and [[Hermann Artens]] to be crowned champion.{{sfn|Straits Times 1935; Lawn Tennis team visiting India}}{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} Subsequently, he rose to the second place after Matejka.{{sfn|The Sydney Morning Herald 1935; Italian Ranking list}} Later he became member of the [[Wiener Park Club]].{{sfn|Huszadik Század 1935; Emil Gabrowitz won the UTE tennis tournament}}

===International tennis career===
Baworowski was first drafted into the Austrian Davis Cup troupe in 1933 only for the doubles rubber teaming with [[Herbert Kinzl]] with whom he reached the doubles finals of the [[Sheffield]] tournament later that year.{{sfn|The Canberra Times 1933; Sheffield tennis tournament}} He played again in the Cup in 1936 along with [[Georg von Metaxa]] and reached the semifinals of the European zone.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} He won the [[Austrian Open Kitzbühel|Austrian Championships]] in the same year. He twice won the International Polish Championship of Warsaw in the doubles partnering [[Pat Hughes (tennis)|Pat Hughes]] in 1933 and [[Hans Redl]] in 1937. {{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} He was twice finalist in [[Budapest]] in 1935 and 1937.{{sfn|Huszadik Század 1935; Emil Gabrowitz won the UTE tennis tournament}}{{sfn|Huszadik Század 1937; 1937 Hungarian tennis championships}} In 1937, he still held the second spot on the Austrian rankings next to von Metaxa.{{sfn|Ilustrowana Republika 1937; The best tennis players of Austria and England}}

In 1936, he won the [[Capri]] tournament meeting [[Jacques Jamain]] in the championship match. He also won the mixed doubles with [[Toto Zehden]].{{sfn|Le Figaro 1936; Bavarowsky}} In January 1937 he lost the doubles final in [[Saint Moritz]], playing with von Metaxa, to Frenchmen [[Christian Boussus]] and [[Paul Féret]].{{sfn|Le Figaro 1937; French victories at the Saint-Moritz tournament}} In March he lost the Nice title to [[Kho Sin-Kie]] in straight sets. At the same tournament he reached the double final as well with von Metaxa.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1937; Kho-Sin-Kie victor at Nice}} In April he clinched the Monegasque Championships by beating [[Marcel Bernard]] in a five set match. He also took the doubles title with von Metaxa defeating [[Daniel Prenn]] and [[Vladimir Landau]].{{sfn|Le Figaro 1937; Marcel Bernard is beaten by Bawarowski in Monte Carlo}} In March 1938 he was victorious at the Cannes L.T.C. tournament where he eliminated Swedish champion [[Karl Schroeder (tennis)|Karl Schroeder]]. Schroeder took revenge in the doubles final where he teamed up with seasoned player [[Jacques Brugnon]] of the [[The Four Musketeers (tennis)|Four Musketeers]] to stop the Baworowski-von Metaxa duo in a five set match.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1938; Cannes L.T.C. finals}}

At the [[French Open|French Championships]], Baworowski reached the fourth round in 1937 and 1938. At Wimbledon, he lost his initial match on three occasions (1933, 1936, 1939). After the "[[Anschluss]]", the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany, in March 1938, Baworowski decided to join the Polish Davis Cup team as he didn't want to lose his family's estates in Poland.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}}

Upon arrival in Poland he gave a few interviews, condemning the "Anschluss" and the policy of the Nazi authorities. His statements were widely covered in the Western media. He joined the [[Legia Warsaw]] and on 3 May 1938 he participated in a friendly match between Poland and Germany, and a few days later played in a match in a Legia Warsaw-Stockholm meeting. He quickly moved up to second place on the list of [[Polish Tennis Association]] right behind [[Ignacy Tłoczyński]]. He was victorious again in the doubles at the [[Katowice]] tournament partnering Tłoczyński and the duo represented Poland in the Central European Cup and claimed the trophy after beating [[Yugoslavia Davis Cup team|Yugoslavia]] and [[Czechoslovakia Davis Cup team|Czechoslovakia]].{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}}

The last peaceful season in 1939 kicked off well for him. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs sponsored Baworowski [[French Riviera]] tour and it paid off well. At [[Cannes]] he was only beaten in the final by [[Yvon Petra]]. In [[Juan-les-Pins]] he proved to be unstoppable and defeated [[Robert Abdesselam]] for the title and carried on this streak at [[Nice]] through the final against [[Antoine Gentien]]. After this great season opener he suffered injury, which affected his Davis Cup tie against [[Germany Davis Cup team|Germany]] and in the [[1939 French Championships (tennis)|French Championships]]. However he was a doubles semifinalist along with [[Ignacy Tłoczyński]] at Roland Garros. Despite his bad shape he still secured the Polish National Doubles championship alongside Tłoczyński.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}}

=== World War II and death ===
At the outbreak of [[World War II]], after returning from [[Monaco]] with a silver medal of the [[1939 International University Games]] Baworowski was residing in Paris where his family lived. When he heard about the outbreak of the war he was determined to join the [[Polish army]] although his parents begged him to stay. When he arrived to the East Railway Station of Warsaw, the German [[Luftwaffe]] was already bombarding the area. The passengers fled from the trains to nearby trenches. Apparently he was successfully enlisted.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} The next time he met his cousin Eugene Paul Baworowski in the streets of Warsaw in the first days of [[Occupation of Poland (1939–45)|occupation]] he was about to get in touch with the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish Resistance]]. As the 6 September 1939 decree issued by the Wehrmacht command pursued every Polish citizen who reached the military age to be sent to a [[POW]] camp the [[Gestapo]] soon arrested and sent him to a camp. Only his ties to the Chorinsky von Ledske noble family and to the former [[Austrian Tennis Federation]] saved him from further reprisals.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}}

In 1941, he took part in the German war championships at [[Braunschweig]] and reached the final which he lost to [[Kurt Gies]] in five sets.{{sfn|Gillmeister|2002|pp=60 and 72-74, notes 60-62}} He was practising in the [[Rot-Weiss Tennis Club]] of [[Berlin]]. He further represented Germany in the Danube Cup, which was a wartime substitute for the Central European Cup. Baworowski later joined the [[Wehrmacht]] Heer.{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}} He served as a [[Hauptmann]] during the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]. On December 21, 1942, when the Luftwaffe evacuated his troops, he ceded his place on the last flight to a heavily injured soldier and decided to stay in the trenches with his subordinates. He was hit by the Soviets in the beginning of 1943 and died in agony without receiving any medical help.{{sfn|Konecki|2003}}

==Playing style==
According to Kordian Tarasiewicz, contemporary senior Polish tennis Player Baworowski was "[...] was a well established tennis player on the European courts and represented a versatile offensive [style], especially had a well mastered game at the net".{{sfn|sportowahistoria.pl website}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Adam Baworowski'''
|2= 2. Rudolf Baworów-Baworowski
|3= 3. Franziska (Fanny) Anna Gräfin von Chorinsky Freiin von Ledske
|4= 4. Josef Maria Matthäus Graf Baworowski 
|5= 5. Franziska Dominika Maximiliane Gräfin zu Hardegg auf Glatz und im Machlande
|6= 6. Victor Paul Graf von Chorinsky Freiherr von Ledske
|7= 7. Maria Anna Franziska Gravin von und zu Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg
|8= 8. Adam Jan Kanty Wolfgang Baworów-Baworowski
|9= 9. Emilie Rosalie Katharina Lewicka
|10= 10. Johann Maximilian Graf zu Hardegg auf Glatz u. im Machlande
|11= 11. Franziska Xaverie Gräfin von Wrbna und Freudenthal 
|12= 12. Friedrich Chorinsky Freiherr von Ledske
|13= 13. Maria Theresia Esterházy of Galántha
|14= 14. Ferdinand Joachim Fürst von und zu Trauttmansdorf-Weinsberg
|15= 15. Anna von und zu Liechtenstein
|16= 16. Mateusz Tadeusz Baworow 
|17= 17. Thekla Ryszczewska
|18= 18. Jozsef Kalasanty Lewicka 
|19= 19. Katarzyna Kaczkowska
|20= 20. Johann Dominik, Graf zu Hardegg auf Glatz und im Machlande
|21= 21. Maria Maximiliane von Althann
|22= 22. Eugen Dominik Rudolf von Wrbna und Freudenthal 
|23= 23. Mária Borbála Erdődy de Monyorókerék et Monoszló
|24= 24. Franz Cajetan Graf Chorinsky von Ledske
|25= 25. Constanze Leopoldine Franziska, Landgräfin zu Fürstenberg
|26= 26. [[Paul III Anton, Prince Esterházy]]
|27= 27. [[Princess Maria Theresia of Thurn and Taxis (1794–1874)|Princess Maria Theresia of Thurn and Taxis]]
|28= 28. Johann Nepomuk Josef Norbert von und zu Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg
|29= 29. Elisabeth Maria Philippa von Fürstenberg
|30= 30. Karl Borromäus Franz Anton von und zu Liechtenstein
|31= 31. Franziska Gräfin von Wrbna-Freudenthal
}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==Works cited==

===Online media===
*{{cite journal |last=Chmielewski |first=Zbigniew |date= 14 September 2013|language=pl |title=Adam Baworowski na kortach Wiednia i Warszawy |trans-title=Adam Baworowski on the courts of Vienna and Warsaw|url=http://www.sportowahistoria.pl/index.php/30-artykuy/tenis-ziemny/859-adam-baworowski-na-kortach-wiednia-i-warszawy |journal=Sportowa Historia|location=Warsaw, Poland |publisher=Stowarzyszenie SportowaHistoria.PL ul. |issn=2084-1647  |ref={{sfnRef|sportowahistoria.pl website}}}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.muelheim-ruhr.de/cms/23_november_1943_tod_des_tennisspielers_kurt_gies.html |title=23. November 1943: Tod des Tennisspielers Kurt Gies |last1=Roepstorff |first1=Jens |date=23 November 2013 |website=www.muelheim-ruhr.de |access-date=28 November 2013 |language = de|trans-title=23 November 1943: Death of tennis player Kurt Gies | ref={{sfnRef|muelheim-ruhr.de website}}}}

===Books===
*{{cite book|title=Stalingrad|year=2003|isbn=8311094527|publisher=Bellona Publishing House|url=http://rynek-ksiazki.pl/recenzje/stalingrad_2745.html|first=Tadeusz|last=Konecki|language=pl}}
* {{cite book |last=Kaiser |first=Ulrich | editor-last=Deutscher Tennis Bund | chapter= Weltgeschichte und die Regel 33 |title=Tennis in Deutschland. Von den Anfängen bis 2002. |year=2002 |trans-title=Tennis in Germany. From the beginnings to 2002. |language=de |location=Berlin |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |isbn=3-428-10846-9  |pages=159–161}}

===Periodicals===
*{{cite journal | date = 31 July 1933 | title = Sheffield tennis tournament| journal =[[The Canberra Times]] | page = 1 | location = [[Canberra]], Australia | publisher = Federal Capital Press of Australia | format = pdf | volume = VII | issue = 1,799 | access-date = 28 November 2013 | url =http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2293455|ref={{sfnRef|The Canberra Times 1933; Sheffield tennis tournament}}}}
* {{cite journal
| date = November 2, 1932
| title = Tennis
| editor = François Coty
| journal =[[Le Figaro]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Dassault Group]]
| page = 7
| issn = 0182-5852
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k297135q/f7.image
| language = fr
| issue = 307
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1932; Tennis}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| date = April 5, 1937
| title = Marcel Bernard est battu par Bawarowski á Monte Carlo
|trans-title=Marcel Bernard is beaten by Bawarowski in Monte Carlo
| editor = François Coty
| journal =[[Le Figaro]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Dassault Group]]
| page = 7
| issn = 0182-5852
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k409447j/f7.image
| language = fr
| issue = 95
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1937; Marcel Bernard is beaten by Bawarowski in Monte Carlo}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| date = March 21, 1937
| title = Kho-Sin-Kie vainqueur á Nice
|trans-title=Kho-Sin-Kie victor at Nice
| editor = François Coty
| journal =[[Le Figaro]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Dassault Group]]
| page = 8
| issn = 0182-5852
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k409431x/f8.image
| language = fr
| issue = 80
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1937; Kho-Sin-Kie victor at Nice}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| date = March 22, 1938
| title = Les finales du Tournoi du Cannes L.T.C.
|trans-title=Cannes L.T.C. finals
| editor = François Coty
| journal =[[Le Figaro]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Dassault Group]]
| page = 8
| issn = 0182-5852
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4098014/f8.image
| language = fr
| issue = 81
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1938; Cannes L.T.C. finals}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| date = January 10, 1937
| title = Victoires françaises au Tournoi de Saint-Moritz
|trans-title=French victories at the Saint-Moritz tournament
| editor = François Coty
| journal =[[Le Figaro]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Dassault Group]]
| page = 8
| issn = 0182-5852
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4093608/f8.image
| language = fr
| issue = 10
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1937; French victories at the Saint-Moritz tournament}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| date = September 16, 1936
| title = Bavarowsky
| editor = François Coty
| journal =[[Le Figaro]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Dassault Group]]
| page = 8
| issn = 0182-5852
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k409244s/f8.image
| language = fr
| issue = 260
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1936; Bavarowsky}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| date = August 5, 1901
| title = Mariages
| journal =[[Le Gaulois]]
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| publisher = [[Arthur Meyer (journalist)|Arthur Meyer]]
| page = 2
| access-date = December 1, 2013
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k531476x/f2.image
| language = fr
| issue = 7796
| volume = 36
| ref={{sfnRef|Le Gaulois 1901; Mariages}}
}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.huszadikszazad.hu/cikk/gabrovitz-emil-nyerte-az-ute-jubilaris-teniszversenyet|title=Gabrovitz Emil nyerte az UTE jubiláris teniszversenyét|trans-title=Emil Gabrowitz won the UTE tennis tournament|date=April 1935|publisher=Huszadik század|location=[[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]|language=hu|access-date=28 November 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Huszadik Század 1935; Emil Gabrowitz won the UTE tennis tournament}}}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.huszadikszazad.hu/sport/magyarorszag-1937-evi-teniszbajnoksagai|title=Magyarország 1937. évi teniszbajnokságai|trans-title=1937 Hungarian tennis championships|date=September 1937|publisher=Huszadik század|location=[[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]|language=hu|access-date=28 November 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Huszadik Század 1937; 1937 Hungarian tennis championships}}}}
* {{cite journal|author=Henry Archacki|url=http://bc.wimbp.lodz.pl/Content/31068/IlustrowanaRepublika1937kwIVNr311.pdf|volume=XV|page=7|journal=Ilustrowana Republika|issue=311|date=November 12, 1937|title=Najlepsi tenisiści Austrii i Anglii|trans-title=The best tennis players of Austria and England|publisher=Leszek Kirkien, Władyslaw Polak|location=[[Łódź]], [[Poland]]|language=pl|access-date=November 28, 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Ilustrowana Republika 1937; The best tennis players of Austria and England}}}}
* {{cite journal|url=http://archiwum.rp.pl/artykul/466911_Ostatnie_lato_na_Riwierze.html|journal=[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]|date=December 31, 2003|title=Ostatnie lato na Riwierze|trans-title=Last summer on the Riviera|publisher=Gremi Media|issn=0208-9130|location=[[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]|language=pl|access-date=December 1, 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Rzeczpospolita 2003; Last summer on the Riviera}}}}
* {{cite journal|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19351109-1.2.110.aspx|page=14|journal=[[The Straits Times]]|date=November 9, 1935|title=Lawn Tennis team visiting India|publisher=Straits Times Press|location=[[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]|access-date=November 28, 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Straits Times 1935; Lawn Tennis team visiting India}}}}
* {{cite journal
| date = February 11, 1935
| title = Italian Ranking list
| journal =[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]
| location = [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]
| publisher = John Fairfax and Sons
| page = 15
| volume = 104
| issue = 30,298
| access-date = November 28, 2013
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17152107
|ref={{sfnRef|The Sydney Morning Herald 1935; Italian Ranking list}}
}}
* {{cite journal | last1 =Gillmeister | first1 =Heiner | date =2002 | title =Georg von Metaxa: Eine Reminiszenz zum 100-jährigen Jubiläum des österreichischen und des deutschen Tennisverbandes | url = | journal =Stadion. International Journal of the History of Sport | volume =28 | issue =1 | pages =53–76 | doi = | access-date = }}

==See also==
*[[Baworowscy Library]]
*[[List of Polish noble families with the title of Count]]

==External links==
* {{ATP}}
* {{ITF}}
* {{Davis Cup player}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baworowski, Adam}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:Austrian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Polish male tennis players]]
[[Category:Tennis players from Vienna]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Polish prisoners of war in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany]]
[[Category:German Army officers of World War II]]
[[Category:German Army personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Polish collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Polish military personnel killed in World War II]]