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Hwajeon

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Hwajeon
Jindallae-hwajeon (pan-fried Korean rhododendron rice cakes)
TypeJeon, tteok
Place of originKorea
Associated cuisineKorean cuisine
Main ingredientsEdible flowers, glutinous rice flour, honey
Korean name
Hangul
화전
Hanja
花煎
Revised Romanizationhwajeon
McCune–Reischauerhwajŏn
IPA[hwa.dʑʌn]
Hangul
꽃부꾸미
Revised Romanizationkkot-bukkumi
McCune–Reischauerkkot-pukkumi
IPA[k͈ot̚.p͈u.k͈u.mi]
Hangul
꽃지지미
Revised Romanizationkkot-jijimi
McCune–Reischauerkkot-chijimi
IPA[k͈ot̚.t͈ɕi.dʑi.mi]

Hwajeon (화전; 花煎), or flower cake is a small Korean pan-fried rice cake.[1][2] It is made out of glutinous rice flour, honey and edible petals from seasonal flowers, such as rhododendron.[3]

Etymology

The word hwajeon (화전; 花煎) is a compound made of the Sino-Korean word hwa (화; 花), meaning "flower", and the Sino-Korean word jeon (전; 煎), meaning "a pan-fry".[4] The synonyms kkot-bukkumi (꽃부꾸미) and kkot-jijimi (꽃지지미) are also compounds—the native Korean word kkot (꽃), meaning "flower", and bukkumi (부꾸미), meaning a "pan-fried rice cake"; or kkot (꽃) and jijimi (지지미), meaning "pancake".[5][6]

Varieties and preparation

Hwajeon is made out of edible petals from seasonal flowers such as rhododendron, pear flower, goldenbell flower, cherry blossom, violet in spring, rose in summer, chrysanthemum, and cockscomb in autumn.[1][3][4] In the winter when flowers are scarce in Korea, alternatives like mugwort leaves, waterdropwort leaves, rock tripe, or jujubes are cut into flower shapes and used instead.[3]

  • Beotkkot-hwajeon (벚꽃화전) – cherry blossom
  • Gaenari-hwajeon (개나리화전) – goldenbell flower
  • Gukhwa-jeon (국화전; 菊花煎) – chrysanthemum
  • Ihwa-jeon (이화전; 梨花煎) or
    Baekkot-hwajeon (배꽃화전) – pear flower
  • Jangmi-hwajeon (장미화전; 薔薇花煎) – rose
  • Jebikkot-hwajeon (제비꽃화전) – violet
  • Jindallae-hwajeon (진달래화전) or
    Dugyeonhwa-jeon (두견화전; 杜鵑花煎) – rhododendron
  • Maendeurami-hwajeon (맨드라미화전) – cockscomb

There are two main ways of preparing hwajeon:

  • Glutinous rice is seasoned with salt, pounded into fine flour and kneaded with boiling water.[3] The dough is made into a small, round, flat shape and pan-fried in sesame oil.[2][3] Flower petals are placed and lightly pressed on the dough while frying on the griddle.[3]
  • Fine glutinous rice flour is kneaded into thick dough and rolled into 5 mm (0.20 in) thick sheets.[3] Flower petals are then placed onto the dough and lightly pressed, and the sheets are cut with hwajeon-tong (utensil similar to cookie cutter) with 5 cm (2.0 in) diameter.[3] The flower cakes are fried in sesame oil.[3] This method was used in Korean royal court cuisine.[3]

Fried flower cakes are soaked in honey to add sweetnes, and then sprinkled with cinnamon powder.[3]

Hwajeon nori

Hwajeon nori, literally translating to "flower cake play", is a tradition of going to a picnic in the mountains to watch the seasonal flowers in the spring and in the autumn.[6]

In spring, women go on a picnic, carrying a glutinous rice flour and griddle near a stream on Samjinnal, which falls on every third day of the third lunar month in the Korean calendar. They pick edible spring blossoms and then set up a picnic. making hwajeon with the ingredients. The version made with rhododendron is regarded as the most representative hwajeon.[3] It was traditionally eaten together with rhododendron punch, consisting of the same flower floating in honeyed water or magnolia berry water.[1][3]

Similarly, people enjoy hwajeon nori in autumn, by making another variety of hwajeon, one that is made with chrysanthemum flowers and leaves.[3] It is consumed with chrysanthemum wine or yuja punch. The custom is closely related to the Junggu, the traditional holiday falls on every ninth day of the ninth lunar month in the Korean calendar.[7][8]

These customs were held since the Three Kingdoms era (57 BCE ‒ 668 AD), having originated in Silla.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Kinds of Rice Cakes". Food in Korea. Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
  2. ^ a b Choe, Sang-su (1960). "Third Day of the Third moon (Samjil)". Annual Customs of Korea: Notes on the Rites and Ceremonies of the Year (PDF). Korean Folklore Studies Series. Vol. 3. Seoul: Korea Book Publishing Company. p. 54. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n 염, 초애. "Hwajeon" 화전. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
  4. ^ a b "Hwajeon" 화전. Standard Korean Language Dictionary (in Korean). National Institute of Korean Language. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  5. ^ "Kkot-bukkumi" 꽃부꾸미. Standard Korean Language Dictionary (in Korean). National Institute of Korean Language. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Na, Kyung-Soo; Chae, Ria, eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs. Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture. Vol. 1. Seoul: National Folk Museum of Korea. pp. 132–133. ISBN 9788992128926.
  7. ^ "Korean Food Culture Series – Part 3: Special Food for Seasonal Occasions". Korea Tourism Organization. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  8. ^ Christian, Roy (2005). Traditional festivals: a multicultural encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 116. ISBN 1-57607-089-1. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
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