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{{Short description|Chief Wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
|consort = yes
| consort = yes
| name = Khas Mahal
| name = Khas Mahal
| image = Prince Saleem's (the future Mughal emperor Jahangir) wife Khas Mahal.jpg
| succession = [[Queen consort|Empress consort]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]
| caption = Detail of Khas Mahal from a painting
⚫
| predecessor =
| successor =
| succession =
⚫
| predecessor =
| reign = 3 November 1605 – 10 June 1627
| spouse = [[Jahangir]]
| successor =
⚫
| reign =
⚫
| house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ''(by marriage)''
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jahangir]]|1596|1627|end= {{Abbr|d.|death}}}}
⚫
| father = [[Zain Khan Koka]]
⚫
| house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] (by marriage)
⚫
| issue =
⚫
| father = [[Zain Khan Koka]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| issue =
| death_date =
| birth_date =
| death_place =
| birth_place =
| place of burial =
| death_date =
| death_place =
⚫
| religion = [[Islam]]
| place of burial =
⚫
| religion = [[Islam]]
}}
}}


'''Khas Mahal''' ({{lang-fa|خاص محل}}), meaning "The exquisite one of the palace", was [[Queen consort|Empress consort]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] as the wife of Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]].
'''Khas Mahal''' ({{lang-fa|خاص محل}}), meaning "the Exquisite One of the Palace", was one of the chief wives of the Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]].({{lang-fa|خاص محل}} ({{lang-fa|خاص محل}} ({{lang-fa|خاص محل}}({{lang-fa|خاص محل}}[[Jahangir]].{{lang-fa|خاص محل}}


==Family==
==Family==
Khas Mahal was the daughter of [[Zain Khan Koka]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ziyaud-Din A.|last=Desai|title=Purā-prakāśa: Recent Researches in Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Persian Literature, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, History and Conservation: Dr. Z.A. Desai Commemoration Volume, Volume 1
Khas Mahal was the daughter of [[Zain Khan Koka]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ziyaud-Din A.|last=Desai|title=Purā-prakāśa: Recent Researches in Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Persian Literature, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, History and Conservation: Dr. Z.A. Desai Commemoration Volume, Volume 1
|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|year=2003|pages=281|isbn=978-8-180-90007-5}}</ref> Zain Khan was the son of Khawajah Maqsud of [[Herat]] and Pija Jan Anaga, foster-mother of Emperor [[Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Anne|last=Walthall|title=Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History|publisher=University of California Press|date=June 10, 2008|pages=103|isbn=978-0-520-25443-5}}</ref> Khan's paternal uncle, Khawajah Hassan's daughter, [[Sahib Jamal]] had been married to Jahangir, and was the mother of his son Prince [[Parviz Mirza]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas William|last=Beale|title=The Oriental Biographical Dictionary|publisher=Asiatic Society|year=1881|pages=216|isbn=}}</ref>
|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|year=2003|pages=281|isbn=978-8-180-90007-5}}</ref> Zain Khan was the son of Khawajah Maqsud of [[Herat]] and Pija Jan Anga, foster-mother of Emperor [[Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Anne|last=Walthall|title=Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History|publisher=University of California Press|date=June 10, 2008|pages=103|isbn=978-0-520-25443-5}}</ref> Khan's paternal uncle, Khawajah Hassan's daughter, [[Sahib Jamal]] had been married to Jahangir, and was the mother of his son Prince [[Parviz Mirza]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas William|last=Beale|title=The Oriental Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/b21781941|publisher=Asiatic Society|year=1881|pages=[https://archive.org/details/b21781941/page/n227 216]}}</ref>


Khas Mahal had two brothers, named Zafar Khan and Mughal Khan. The former served under [[Akbar]] and Jahangir,<ref>{{cite book|first=Kāmī|last=Shīrāzī|title=Fath nama-i Nur Jahan Begam|publisher=Rampur Raza Library|year=2003|pages=36|isbn=978-8-187-11360-7}}</ref> and died on 7 March 1622.<ref>{{cite book|first=Emperor |last=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|publisher=Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=376|isbn=}}</ref> The latter served under Jahangir and his son [[Shah Jahan]], and died on 1 July 1657.<ref>{{cite book|author=Abū al-Fazl ibn Mubārak|title=The Ain i Akbari, Volume I|publisher=Rouse|year=1874|pages=346|isbn=}}</ref> A sister of Khas Mahal was married to Mirza Anwar, a son of Mirza Aziz Koka, Akbar's foster-brother.<ref>{{cite book|first=Shaikh Farid|last=Bhakkari|title=The Dhakhiratul-khawanin: a biographical dictionary of Mughal noblewomen|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Dehli|year=1993|pages=117|isbn=}}</ref>
Khas Mahal had two brothers, named Zafar Khan and Mughal Khan. The former served under [[Akbar]] and Jahangir,<ref>{{cite book|first=Kāmī|last=Shīrāzī|title=Fath nama-i Nur Jahan Begam|publisher=Rampur Raza Library|year=2003|pages=36|isbn=978-8-187-11360-7}}</ref> and died on 7 March 1622.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor |last1=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha |publisher=Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/376 376]|isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 }}</ref> The latter served under Jahangir and his son [[Shah Jahan]], and died on 1 July 1657.<ref>{{cite book|author=Abū al-Fazl ibn Mubārak|title=The Ain i Akbari, Volume I|publisher=Rouse|year=1874|pages=346}}</ref> A sister of Khas Mahal was married to Mirza Anwar, a son of Mirza Aziz Koka, Akbar's foster-brother.<ref>{{cite book|first=Shaikh Farid|last=Bhakkari|title=The Dhakhiratul-khawanin: a biographical dictionary of Mughal noblemen|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Dehli|year=1993|pages=117}}</ref>


==Marriage==
==Marriage==
In 1596 Prince Salim (future Emperor Jahangir) became violently enamoured of her, and meditated marrying her. Akbar was displeased at the impropriety.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Shāhnavāz Khān|last1=Awangābādī|first2=Baini|last2=Prasad|first3='Abd al-Hayy ibn|last3=Shāhnavāz|title=The Maāthir-ul-umarā: Being biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu officers of the Timurid sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D.|publisher=Janaki Prakashan|year=1979|pages=1027|isbn=}}</ref> The cause of Akbar's objection was [[Sahib Jamal]] who had already been married to Salim. Akbar objected to marriages between near relations.<ref name name="henry">{{cite book|title=[[Akbarnama]] of [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] - Volume III|first=Henry|last=Beveridge|year=1907|publisher=Asiatic Society, Calcutta|pages=1058–9 n. 3|isbn=}}</ref>
In 1596 Prince Salim (future Emperor Jahangir) became violently enamored of her and meditated on marrying her. Akbar was displeased at the impropriety.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Shāhnavāz Khān|last1=Awangābādī|first2=Baini|last2=Prasad|first3='Abd al-Hayy ibn|last3=Shāhnavāz|title=The Maāthir-ul-umarā: Being biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu officers of the Timurid sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D.|publisher=Janaki Prakashan|year=1979|pages=1027}}</ref> The cause of Akbar's objection was [[Sahib Jamal]] who had already been married to Salim. Akbar objected to marriages between near relations.<ref name name="henry">{{cite book|title=Akbarnama of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak - Volume III|first=Henry|last=Beveridge|year=1907|publisher=Asiatic Society, Calcutta|pages=1058–9 n. 3}}</ref>


However, when Akbar saw that Salim's heart was immoderately affected, he, of necessity, gave his consent. There was a great feast and joy. The marriage took place on the eve of 28 June 1596 at the house of Empress [[Hamida Banu Begum]].<ref name name="henry"/>
However, when Akbar saw that Salim's heart was immoderately affected, he, of necessity, gave his consent. There was a great feast and joy. The marriage took place on the eve of 18 June 1596 at the house of [[Dowager empress]] [[Hamida Banu Begum]].<ref name name="henry"/>


When Jahangir ascended the throne, Khas Mahal became empress. [[Sir William Hawkins]], a representative of the [[English East India Company]] noted her among Jahangir's chief wives. He said the following:
When Jahangir ascended the throne, Khas Mahal became empress. [[Sir William Hawkins]], a representative of the [[English East India Company]] noted her among Jahangir's chief wives. He said the following:


{{quote|Hee (Jahangir) hath .... three hundred wives whereof four be chiefe as queenes, to say, the first, named Padasha Banu ([[Saliha Banu Begum]]), daughter to Kaime Chan (Qaim Khan); the second is called Noore Mahal ([[Nur Jahan]]), the daughter of Gais Beyge ([[Mirza Ghiyas Beg]]); the third is the daughter of Seinchan (Zain Khan); the fourth is the daughter of Hakim Humaun ([[Mirza Muhammad Hakim]]), who was brother to his father Ekber Padasha ([[Akbar]])<ref>{{cite book|first=Sir William|last=Foster|title=Early travels in India, 1583-1619|publisher=AMS Press|year=1975|pages=100–101|isbn=978-0-404-54825-4}}</ref>}}
{{blockquote|Hee (Jahangir) hath .... three hundred wives whereof four be chiefe as queenes, to say, the first, named Padasha Banu ([[Saliha Banu Begum]]), daughter to Kaime Chan (Qaim Khan); the second is called Noore Mahal ([[Nur Jahan]]), the daughter of Gais Beyge ([[Mirza Ghiyas Beg]]); the third is the daughter of Seinchan (Zain Khan); the fourth is the daughter of Hakim Humaun ([[Mirza Muhammad Hakim]]), who was brother to his father Ekber Padasha ([[Akbar]])<ref>{{cite book|first=Sir William|last=Foster|title=Early travels in India, 1583-1619|publisher=AMS Press|year=1975|pages=100–101|isbn=978-0-404-54825-4}}</ref>}}


==Architecture==
==Architecture==
In 1642-43, Khas Mahal commissioned a palace near the old fort in the neighborhood of [[Nizamuddin]]{{dn|date=July 2018}}, [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Subhash|last=Parihar|title=Land transport in Mughal India: Agra-Lahore Mughal highway and its architectural remains|publisher=Aryan Books International|date=January 1, 2008|pages=84|isbn=978-8-173-05335-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Archeological Suvey of India|title=Annual Report|publisher=Swati Publications|year=1990|pages=24|isbn=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Sir Sayyid Ahmad|last=Khan|title=Monuments of Delhi: Historical Study|publisher=Ambika|year=1978|pages=57|isbn=}}</ref>
In 1642–43, Khas Mahal commissioned a palace near the old fort in the neighborhood of Nizamuddin, [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Subhash|last=Parihar|title=Land transport in Mughal India: Agra-Lahore Mughal highway and its architectural remains|publisher=Aryan Books International|date=January 1, 2008|pages=84|isbn=978-8-173-05335-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Archeological Survey of India|title=Annual Report|publisher=Swati Publications|year=1990|pages=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Sir Sayyid Ahmad|last=Khan|title=Monuments of Delhi: Historical Study|publisher=Ambika|year=1978|pages=57}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
Khas Mahal is a character in Jyoti Jafa's historical novel ''Nur Jahan: A Historical Novel'' (1978).<ref>{{cite book|first=Jyoti|last=Jafa|title=Nur Jahan: A Historical Novel|publisher=Writer's Workshop|year=1978|pages=18|isbn=}}</ref>
Khas Mahal is a character in Jyoti Jafa's historical novel ''Nur Jahan: A Historical Novel'' (1978).<ref>{{cite book|first=Jyoti|last=Jafa|title=Nur Jahan: A Historical Novel|publisher=Writer's Workshop|year=1978|pages=18}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khas Mahal}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khas Mahal}}
[[Category:Mughal empresses]]
[[Category:Wives of Jahangir]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Mughal nobility]]
[[Category:Empresses]]
⚫
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Women of the Mughal Empire]]
⚫
[[Category:Indian empresses]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:Place of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Place of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
⚫
[[Category:17th-century Indian Muslims]]
⚫
[[Category:17th-century Indian women]]

Latest revision as of 15:39, 23 September 2024

Khas Mahal
Detail of Khas Mahal from a painting
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1596; d. 1627)​
HouseTimurid (by marriage)
FatherZain Khan Koka
ReligionIslam

Khas Mahal (Persian: خاص محل), meaning "the Exquisite One of the Palace", was one of the chief wives of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.(Persian: خاص محل (Persian: خاص محل (Persian: خاص محل(Persian: خاص محلJahangir.Persian: خاص محل

Family

[edit]

Khas Mahal was the daughter of Zain Khan Koka.[1] Zain Khan was the son of Khawajah Maqsud of Herat and Pija Jan Anga, foster-mother of Emperor Akbar.[2] Khan's paternal uncle, Khawajah Hassan's daughter, Sahib Jamal had been married to Jahangir, and was the mother of his son Prince Parviz Mirza.[3]

Khas Mahal had two brothers, named Zafar Khan and Mughal Khan. The former served under Akbar and Jahangir,[4] and died on 7 March 1622.[5] The latter served under Jahangir and his son Shah Jahan, and died on 1 July 1657.[6] A sister of Khas Mahal was married to Mirza Anwar, a son of Mirza Aziz Koka, Akbar's foster-brother.[7]

Marriage

[edit]

In 1596 Prince Salim (future Emperor Jahangir) became violently enamored of her and meditated on marrying her. Akbar was displeased at the impropriety.[8] The cause of Akbar's objection was Sahib Jamal who had already been married to Salim. Akbar objected to marriages between near relations.[9]

However, when Akbar saw that Salim's heart was immoderately affected, he, of necessity, gave his consent. There was a great feast and joy. The marriage took place on the eve of 18 June 1596 at the house of Dowager empress Hamida Banu Begum.[9]

When Jahangir ascended the throne, Khas Mahal became empress. Sir William Hawkins, a representative of the English East India Company noted her among Jahangir's chief wives. He said the following:

Hee (Jahangir) hath .... three hundred wives whereof four be chiefe as queenes, to say, the first, named Padasha Banu (Saliha Banu Begum), daughter to Kaime Chan (Qaim Khan); the second is called Noore Mahal (Nur Jahan), the daughter of Gais Beyge (Mirza Ghiyas Beg); the third is the daughter of Seinchan (Zain Khan); the fourth is the daughter of Hakim Humaun (Mirza Muhammad Hakim), who was brother to his father Ekber Padasha (Akbar)[10]

Architecture

[edit]

In 1642–43, Khas Mahal commissioned a palace near the old fort in the neighborhood of Nizamuddin, Delhi.[11][12][13]

[edit]

Khas Mahal is a character in Jyoti Jafa's historical novel Nur Jahan: A Historical Novel (1978).[14]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Desai, Ziyaud-Din A. (2003). Purā-prakāśa: Recent Researches in Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Persian Literature, Art, Architecture, Archaeology, History and Conservation: Dr. Z.A. Desai Commemoration Volume, Volume 1. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. p. 281. ISBN 978-8-180-90007-5.
  2. ^ Walthall, Anne (June 10, 2008). Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History. University of California Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-520-25443-5.
  3. ^ Beale, Thomas William (1881). The Oriental Biographical Dictionary. Asiatic Society. pp. 216.
  4. ^ Shīrāzī, Kāmī (2003). Fath nama-i Nur Jahan Begam. Rampur Raza Library. p. 36. ISBN 978-8-187-11360-7.
  5. ^ Jahangir, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (1999). The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 376. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8.
  6. ^ Abū al-Fazl ibn Mubārak (1874). The Ain i Akbari, Volume I. Rouse. p. 346.
  7. ^ Bhakkari, Shaikh Farid (1993). The Dhakhiratul-khawanin: a biographical dictionary of Mughal noblemen. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Dehli. p. 117.
  8. ^ Awangābādī, Shāhnavāz Khān; Prasad, Baini; Shāhnavāz, 'Abd al-Hayy ibn (1979). The Maāthir-ul-umarā: Being biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu officers of the Timurid sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D. Janaki Prakashan. p. 1027.
  9. ^ a b Beveridge, Henry (1907). Akbarnama of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak - Volume III. Asiatic Society, Calcutta. pp. 1058–9 n. 3.
  10. ^ Foster, Sir William (1975). Early travels in India, 1583-1619. AMS Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-0-404-54825-4.
  11. ^ Parihar, Subhash (January 1, 2008). Land transport in Mughal India: Agra-Lahore Mughal highway and its architectural remains. Aryan Books International. p. 84. ISBN 978-8-173-05335-1.
  12. ^ Archeological Survey of India (1990). Annual Report. Swati Publications. p. 24.
  13. ^ Khan, Sir Sayyid Ahmad (1978). Monuments of Delhi: Historical Study. Ambika. p. 57.
  14. ^ Jafa, Jyoti (1978). Nur Jahan: A Historical Novel. Writer's Workshop. p. 18.
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