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The Liturgy of Saint James is a form of Christian liturgy used by some Eastern Christians of the Byzantine rite and West Syriac Rite. It is developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family, and is influenced by the traditions of the rite of the Church of Jerusalem, as the Mystagogic Catecheses of Cyril of Jerusalem imply. It became widespread in Church of Antioch from the fourth or fifth century onwards, replacing the older Basilean Liturgy of Antioch.^[1] It is still the principal liturgy of the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, the Maronite Church, the Syriac Catholic Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church and other churches employing the West Syriac Rite. It is also occasionally used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Melkite Catholic Church. The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church uses a reformed variant of this liturgy, omitting intercession of saints and prayer for the dead.

The liturgy is attributed with the name of James the Just and patriarch among the Jewish Christians at Jerusalem.

The historic Antiochene liturgies are divided between Alexandrian and Cappadocian usages. Among these, the Liturgy of Saint James is one of the liturgies that evolved from the Alexandrian usage; others include Coptic Anaphora of Saint Basil, the Byzantine Liturgy of Saint Basil and the Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom.^[2] The liturgies attributed to Saint John Chrysostom and Saint Basil are the ones most widely used today by all Byzantine Rite Christians, including the Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine Rite Lutherans, and some Eastern Catholic Churches.

Manuscript tradition

Its date of composition is still disputed, but most authorities propose a fourth-century date for the known form, because the anaphora seems to have been developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family united with the anaphora described in The Catechisms of St. Cyril of Jerusalem.^[3] The earliest manuscript is the ninth-century codex, Vaticanus graecus 2282, which had been in liturgical use at Damascus, in the diocese of Antioch. The only critical edition is the one published by Dom B.-Charles Mercier in the Patrologia Orientalis, vol. 26 (1950).

A West Syriac Rite liturgy of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church holding paterissa (crozier)

Order of liturgy

Orthodox bishop Longin (Talypin), holding his paterissa (crozier), presiding over a celebration of the Liturgy of St. James in Düsseldorf, Germany.

The Liturgy of Saint James the Just is the skeleton of the whole Qurbono Qadisho with all the prayers before the anaphora being exactly the same, no matter which anaphora is chosen. The Liturgy of St James the Just comprises:^{[citation needed]}

The First Service
1. Prothesis
The Second Service
1. Reading from the Holy Books
  1. The Trisagion
  2. Antiphon before the Pauline Epistle (Galatians 1:8-9)
  3. The Epistle of Saint Paul
The Third Service
1. The Husoyo (Liturgy of Absolution)
  1. The Proemion
  2. The Sedro (Main Prayer)
  3. The Etro (Fragrance/incense prayer)
The Anaphora
1. The Kiss of peace
2. Veiling and placing of the hands prayer
3. The Dialogue
4. Preface
5. Sanctus (Qadish)
6. Words of Institution
7. Anamnesis
8. Epiclesis
9. Petitions
10. Fracturing
11. Liturgy of Repentance
  1. Lord's Prayer (Abun dbashmayo)
12. Invitation to Holy Communion
13. The Procession of the Holy Mysteries
14. Prayer of Thanksgiving
15. The Dismissal of the Faithful

In the books of the Patriarchal Sharfet seminary, this order is clearly strict, with the deacon and congregation prayer being the same no matter which anaphora is used. The only prayer that changes when a different anaphora is used is that of the priest.^{[citation needed]}

Rubrics

The bishop elevates the chalice while the deacon fans the Gifts with the ripidion.

The Liturgy of St. James is commonly celebrated on the Feast of Saint James (July 25) and the first Sunday after Christmas, and then almost exclusively^{[clarification needed]} celebrated on a daily basis in Jerusalem, in the Eastern Orthodox Church.^{[citation needed]} The Liturgy of Saint James is long, taking some hours to complete in full. The recitation of the Divine Liturgy is performed according to the worship rubrics of a particular Rite, with specific parts chanted by the presider, the lectors, the choir, and the congregated faithful, at certain times in unison. Like other compositions in the Byzantine tradition, the Divine Liturgy of St. James as celebrated in Greek forms the basis of the English transcription.^{[clarification needed]} In its Syriac form, the Liturgy is still used in the Syriac and Indian Churches - Catholic and Orthodox - both in a Syriac translation and in Malayalam and English.

During the Offertory, the partiture^{[clarification needed]} calls for a Cherubic Hymn chanted by readers as the priest brings the gifts to be consecrated onto the altar. In the Latin Catholic Church, this composition became popular as a separate hymn of adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, known in English as Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence.

Musical annotation

The hymnographers of the early Church composed both the words of the sung prayers and the tones of the musical scale to be sung in a single codex for a particular community. The annotation was recorded in close correspondence to the text (for sample codices, see those^[4] collated by the North American Greek Orthodox Monastery of St. Anthony in Arizona) with neumes indicating the melodic tones and their duration used before the adoption of the Western system of staff and scales became established in medieval times. In those communities that worship in Syriac the neumes are mirror images of those used by the authocthonous Greek and Slavic Orthodox Churches and written and read right to left in accordance with the Syriac script of the prayer texts.

The English Hymnal features the 1906 Ralph Vaughan Williams arrangement of the English verses of the Cherubic hymn of the Offertory chant (see above) to the melody of the French folk tune Picardy. The hymn known as Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence is also popular in the Roman Catholic Latin rite as an alternative to the spoken communion antiphon.

References

^ John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997
^ John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997
^ John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997
^ "Writing Byzantine Music".

External links

The Divine Liturgies Music Project Byzantine music in English for the Liturgy of St. James
Catholic Encyclopedia: "Liturgy of Jerusalem"
Liturgy of St. James in Ante-Nicene Fathers
Anaphora of St James, online Syriac Orthodox Resources at The Catholic University of America

[1] John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997

[2] John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997

[3] John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997

[4] "Writing Byzantine Music".

[note_n0-5] The ROC severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the primates of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.

[note_n1-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.

[note_n3-7] UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.

[note_n2-8] Semi-autonomous part of the Russian Orthodox Church whose autonomy is not universally recognized.

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[3]

[4]

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+The '''Liturgy of Saint James''' is a form of [[Christian liturgy]] used by some [[Eastern Christian]]s of the [[Byzantine rite]] and [[West Syriac Rite]]. It is developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family, and is influenced by the traditions of the rite of the [[Early bishops of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem|Church of Jerusalem]], as the ''Mystagogic Catecheses'' of [[Cyril of Jerusalem]] imply. It became widespread in [[Church of Antioch]] from the fourth or fifth century onwards, replacing the older Basilean Liturgy of [[Antioch]].<ref>John Witvliet ''The Anaphora of St. James'' in ed. F. Bradshaw ''Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers,'' 1997</ref> It is still the principal liturgy of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], the [[Maronite Church]], the [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] and other churches employing the West Syriac Rite. It is also occasionally used in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Melkite Catholic Church]]. The [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] uses a [[Reformation|reformed]] variant of this liturgy, omitting [[intercession of saints]] and [[prayer for the dead]].
-[[File:Liturgy St James 3.jpg|thumb|250px|Orthodox bishop Longin (Talypin), holding his [[paterissa]] (crozier), presiding over a celebration of the Liturgy of St. James in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]].]]
-[[File:Holy mass of the Syriac Orthodox Church.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A [[West Syriac Rite]] liturgy of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] holding [[paterissa]] ([[crozier]])]]
+[[File:West Syriac Rite.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Lineages of the West Syriac Rite.]]
+The liturgy is attributed with the name of [[James the Just]] and patriarch among the [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jewish Christians at Jerusalem]].
-The '''Liturgy of Saint James''' is a form of [[Christian liturgy]] used by some [[Eastern Christian]]s of the [[Byzantine rite]] and [[West Syriac Rite]]. It is developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family, and is influenced by the traditions of the rite of the [[Early bishops of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem|Church of Jerusalem]], as the ''Mystagogic Catecheses'' of [[Cyril of Jerusalem]] imply. It became widespread in [[Church of Antioch]] from the the fourth or fifth century onwards, replacing the older Basilean Liturgy of [[Antioch]].<ref>John Witvliet ''The Anaphora of St. James'' in ed. F. Bradshaw ''Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers,'' 1997</ref> It is still the principal liturgy of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], the [[Maronite Church]], the [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] and other churches employing the West Syriac Rite. It is also occasionally used in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Melkite Catholic Church]]. The [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] uses a reformed variant of this liturgy omitting prayers for Intercession to Saints.
+The historic Antiochene liturgies are divided between Alexandrian and Cappadocian usages. Among these, the Liturgy of Saint James is one of the liturgies that evolved from the Alexandrian usage; others include Coptic Anaphora of Saint Basil, the Byzantine [[Liturgy of Saint Basil]] and the [[Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom]].<ref>John Witvliet ''The Anaphora of St. James'' in ed. F. Bradshaw ''Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers,'' 1997</ref> The liturgies attributed to Saint John Chrysostom and Saint Basil are the ones most widely used today by all Byzantine Rite Christians, including the Eastern Orthodox, [[Byzantine Rite Lutheranism|Byzantine Rite Lutherans]], and some [[Eastern Catholic Churches]].
-The liturgy is attributed with the name of [[James the Just]], the brother of [[Jesus]] and patriarch among the [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jewish Christians at Jerusalem]].
-The historic Antiochene liturgies are divided between Alexandrian and Cappadocian usages. Among the these, the Liturgy of Saint James is one of the liturgies that evolved from the Alexandrian usage; others include Coptic Anaphora of Saint Basil, the Byzantine [[Liturgy of Saint Basil]] and the [[Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom]].<ref>John Witvliet ''The Anaphora of St. James'' in ed. F. Bradshaw ''Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers,'' 1997</ref> The liturgies attributed to Saint John Chrysostom and Saint Basil are the ones most widely used today by all Byzantine Rite Christians, including the Eastern Orthodox, [[Byzantine Rite Lutheranism|Byzantine Rite Lutherans]], and some [[Eastern Catholic Churches]].
 ==Manuscript tradition==
 Its date of composition is still disputed, but most authorities propose a fourth-century date for the known form, because the [[Anaphora (liturgy)|anaphora]] seems to have been developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family united with the anaphora described in ''The Catechisms'' of [[St. Cyril of Jerusalem]].<ref>John Witvliet ''The Anaphora of St. James'' in ed. F. Bradshaw ''Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers,'' 1997</ref>
 The earliest manuscript is the ninth-century codex, Vaticanus graecus 2282, which had been in liturgical use at [[Damascus]], in the diocese of [[Antioch]].
 The only critical edition is the one published by Dom B.-Charles Mercier in the ''[[Patrologia Orientalis]]'', vol. 26 (1950).
+[[File:Holy mass of the Syriac Orthodox Church.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A [[West Syriac Rite]] liturgy of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] holding [[paterissa]] ([[crozier]])]]
+=== Order of liturgy ===
+[[File:Liturgy St James 3.jpg|thumb|250px|Orthodox bishop Longin (Talypin), holding his [[paterissa]] (crozier), presiding over a celebration of the Liturgy of St. James in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]].]]
+The Liturgy of Saint James the Just is the skeleton of the whole [[Holy Qurobo|Qurbono Qadisho]] with all the prayers before the anaphora being exactly the same, no matter which anaphora is chosen. The Liturgy of St James the Just comprises:{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
+#The First Service
+##[[Liturgy of Preparation|Prothesis]]
+#The Second Service
+##Reading from the Holy Books
+###[[Trisagion|The Trisagion]]
+###Antiphon before the [[Pauline epistles|Pauline Epistle]] (Galatians 1:8-9)
+###The [[Pauline epistles|Epistle]] of [[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]]
+#The Third Service
+##The Husoyo (Liturgy of Absolution)
+###The Proemion
+###The Sedro (Main Prayer)
+###The Etro (Fragrance/incense prayer)
+#The Anaphora
+##The Kiss of peace
+##Veiling and placing of the hands prayer
+##The Dialogue
+##Preface
+##[[Sanctus]] (Qadish)
+##Words of Institution
+##[[Anamnesis (Christianity)|Anamnesis]]
+##[[Epiclesis]]
+##Petitions
+##Fracturing
+##Liturgy of Repentance
+###[[Lord's Prayer]] (Abun dbashmayo)
+##Invitation to Holy Communion
+##The Procession of the Holy Mysteries
+##Prayer of Thanksgiving
+##The Dismissal of the Faithful
+In the books of the Patriarchal Sharfet seminary, this order is clearly strict, with the deacon and congregation prayer being the same no matter which anaphora is used. The only prayer that changes when a different anaphora is used is that of the priest.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
-==Rubrics of worship==
+===Rubrics===
-[[File:Liturgy St James 8.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The bishop [[elevation (liturgy)|elevates]] the [[chalice (cup)|chalice]] while the [[deacon]] fans the Gifts with the [[ripidion]].]]
+[[File:Liturgy St James 8.jpg|thumb |The bishop [[elevation (liturgy)|elevates]] the [[chalice (cup)|chalice]] while the [[deacon]] fans the Gifts with the [[ripidion]].]]
-The Liturgy of St. James is commonly celebrated on the feast day of Saint James (October 23) and the first Sunday after [[Christmas]], and then almost exclusively{{Clarify|date=January 2009|reason=what excludes what else?}} celebrated on a daily basis in Jerusalem, in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2009|reason=The Catholic Encyclopedia article says this liturgy was superseded in these Churches}} The Liturgy of Saint James is long, taking some hours to complete in full. The recitation of the Divine Liturgy is performed according to the worship rubrics of a particular Rite, with specific parts chanted by the presider, the lectors, the choir, and the congregated faithful, at certain times in unison. Like other compositions in the Byzantine tradition, the Divine Liturgy of St. James as celebrated in Greek forms the basis of the English transcription.{{clarification needed|date=December 2019}} In its Syriac form, the Liturgy is still used in the Syriac and Indian Churches - Catholic and Orthodox - both in a Syriac translation and in Malayalam and English.
+The Liturgy of St. James is commonly celebrated on the [[Feast of Saint James]] (July 25) and the first Sunday after [[Christmas]], and then almost exclusively{{Clarify|date=January 2009|reason=what excludes what else?}} celebrated on a daily basis in Jerusalem, in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2009|reason=The Catholic Encyclopedia article says this liturgy was superseded in these Churches}} The Liturgy of Saint James is long, taking some hours to complete in full. The recitation of the Divine Liturgy is performed according to the worship rubrics of a particular Rite, with specific parts chanted by the presider, the lectors, the choir, and the congregated faithful, at certain times in unison. Like other compositions in the Byzantine tradition, the Divine Liturgy of St. James as celebrated in Greek forms the basis of the English transcription.{{clarification needed|date=December 2019}} In its Syriac form, the Liturgy is still used in the Syriac and Indian Churches - Catholic and Orthodox - both in a Syriac translation and in Malayalam and English.
 During the [[Offertory]], the partiture{{Clarify|date=January 2009|reason='Partiture' is simply music score, isn't it? But this wouldn't be the authority of a liturgical call, would it?}} calls for a [[Cherubic Hymn]] chanted by readers as the priest brings the gifts to be consecrated onto the altar. In the [[Latin Catholic Church]], this composition became popular as a separate hymn of adoration of the [[Blessed Sacrament]], known in English as ''[[Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence]]''.
 ==Musical annotation==
-The hymnographers of the early Church composed both the words of the sung prayers and the tones of the musical scale to be sung in a single codex for a particular community. The annotation was recorded in close correspondence to the text (for sample codices, see those<ref>http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/ByzMusicFonts.html</ref> collated by the North American Greek Orthodox Monastery of St. Anthony in Arizona) with neumes indicating the melodic tones and their duration used before the adoption of the Western system of staff and scales became established in medieval times. In those communities that worship in Syriac the neumes are mirror images of those used by the authocthonous Greek and Slavic Orthodox Churches and written and read right to left in accordance with the Syriac script of the prayer texts.
+The hymnographers of the early Church composed both the words of the sung prayers and the tones of the musical scale to be sung in a single codex for a particular community. The annotation was recorded in close correspondence to the text (for sample codices, see those<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/ByzMusicFonts.html|title = Writing Byzantine Music}}</ref> collated by the North American Greek Orthodox Monastery of St. Anthony in Arizona) with neumes indicating the melodic tones and their duration used before the adoption of the Western system of staff and scales became established in medieval times. In those communities that worship in Syriac the neumes are mirror images of those used by the authocthonous Greek and Slavic Orthodox Churches and written and read right to left in accordance with the Syriac script of the prayer texts.
 ''The English Hymnal'' features the 1906 [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] arrangement of the English verses of the Cherubic hymn of the Offertory chant (see above) to the melody of the French folk tune [[Picardy (hymn)|Picardy]]. The hymn known as [[Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence]] is also popular in the Roman Catholic Latin rite as an alternative to the spoken communion antiphon.
@@ Line 50: / Line 83: @@
 {{Byzantine Rite|state=collapsed}}
+[[Category:4th-century Christian texts]]
 [[Category:Eastern Christian liturgies]]
 [[Category:Christian liturgical texts]]
@@ Line 55: / Line 89: @@
 [[Category:Christianity in Jerusalem]]
 [[Category:Christian terminology]]
+[[Category:James, brother of Jesus]]

v t e Oriental Orthodoxy
Eastern Christian communion of autocephalous churches from Armenia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and parts of the Middle East, and India
Autocephalous churches	Coptic Orthodox Church Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Armenian Apostolic Church Holy See of Cilicia Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church Syriac Orthodox Church Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
Autonomous churches	Armenian Apostolic: Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem Syriac Orthodox: Malankara Jacobite Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church: Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church
Independent churches	British Isles Malabar Independent Syrian Church Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches Celtic Orthodox Church
Liturgy	Alexandrian Rite Anaphora of Saint Gregory Armenian Rite West Syriac Rite Liturgy of Saint James Liturgy of Saint Basil Liturgy of Saint Cyril Malankara Rite

v t e Eastern Christian Byzantine Rite
Services	Divine Liturgy Liturgy of Saint Basil Liturgy of Saint James Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom Liturgy of Saint Mark Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts Divine Office Vespers Compline Midnight Office Orthros (Matins) First Hour (Prime) Third Hour (Terce) Sixth Hour (Sext) Ninth Hour (None) Inter-Hours Typica All-night vigil Occasional Baptism Insufflation Minor exorcism Burial Absolution of the dead Memory Eternal Memorial service Chrismation Churching of women Consecration of a church Blessing of the cornerstone Exorcism Holy Week liturgies Foot washing Great Hours Epitaphios Threnos Epitafio Good Friday Prayer for the Jews Improperia Paschal Vigil Paschal Homily Paschal Hours Vows Mystery of Crowning Ordination Axios Unction Last rites
Structure	Common Alleluia Antiphon Apostol Dismissal Ecphonesis Ectenia Gospel Kathisma Kyrie Laying on of hands Lord's Prayer Megalynarion Axion Estin Polychronion Prayer of Saint Ephrem Procession Prokeimenon Secret Sign of the Cross Theotokion Trinitarian formula Troparion Irmos Katavasia Paschal troparion Ypakoe Ton Despotin Trisagion Usual beginning Divine Liturgy Ablution Anaphora Anamnesis Elevation Epiclesis Fraction Words of Consecration Cherubikon Entrance Entrance prayers Kairos Kiss of peace Koinonikon Let all mortal flesh keep silence Liturgy of Preparation Offertory Only-begotten Son Sursum corda Zapivka Zeon Divine Office Anabathmoi Apolytikion Aposticha Artoklasia Canon Doxology Exapostilarion Lity Odes Paraklesis Polyeleos Matins Gospel Sub tuum praesidium Sticheron Doxastikon Idiomelon Theos Kyrios
Participants	Acolyte altar server Bishop Cantor Canonarch Lampadarius Censer Choir Deacon Laity Hegumen Reader Priest Subdeacon
Sanctuary	Aër Altar candle Altar lamp Analogion Anointing brush Antependium Antimins Ambon Bema Cathedra Diptych Eagle rug Holy Table Iconostasis Lavabo Relic Royal doors Soleas Tabernacle Table of Oblation Templon
Liturgical objects	Antidoron Artos Asterisk Azymite Baptismal font Betrothal ring Blessing cross Candelabra Chalice Chrism Crosier Crucifix Dikirion and trikirion (Paschal trikirion) Diskos Epitaphios (epitafio) Holy water Icon Incense use Koliva Khorugv Lamb Lavabo Liturgical fan Menorah Myrrh Oil of catechumens Pall Podruchnik Processional cross Prosphora (sacramental bread) Pyx Rose water Sacramental wine Sanctuary lamp Spear Spoon Thurible Veil Wedding ring
Liturgical books	Apostol Euchologion Evangeliary Horologion Irmologion Lectionary Menaion Menologion Octoechos Patristic writings Pentecostarion Psalter Synaxarion Triodion Typicon
Vestments (Pontifical)	Baptismal clothing Cassock Choir dress Comb Crosier Engolpion Epigonation Epimanikia Epitrachelion Klobuk Mantle Mitre Nabedrennik Omophorion Orarion Panagia Pectoral cross Phelonion Sakkos Stole Zone
Liturgical calendar	Pre-Lenten Season Great Lent Holy Week Pascha Pentecostarion Apostles' Fast Dormition Fast Nativity Fast Afterfeast Moveable observances Paschal cycle Twelve Great Feasts
Eucharistic discipline and Holy Communion	Bowing Seven bow beginning Church etiquette Closed communion Communion and the developmentally disabled Communion under both kinds Fasting Headcover Host desecration Infant communion Intinction Prostration Reserved sacrament Thanksgiving after Communion
Theology	Acolouthia Azymes Body and Blood of Christ Epiousion Grace Koinonia Metousiosis Liturgical colours Mystical theology Origin of the Eucharist (Last Supper) Paschal mystery Passion of Jesus and its salvific nature Prayer for the dead Real presence Sacred mysteries Theoria Theosis
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