View source for Philadelphia

{{Short description|Largest city in Pennsylvania, United States}}
{{Redirect|Philly||Philly (disambiguation)|and|Philadelphia (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Philadelphia
| settlement_type    = [[Consolidated city-county]]
| etymology          = [[Ancient Greek]]: [[wikt:φίλος|φίλος]] ''phílos'' (beloved, dear) and [[wikt:ἀδελφός|ἀδελφός]] ''adelphós'' (brother, brotherly)<br/>———-———<br/>
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | border                   = infobox
  | total_width              = 290
  | perrow                   = 1/2/2/1
  | caption_align            = center
  | image1                   = Philadelphia skyline from South Street Bridge January 2020 (rotate 2 degrees perspective correction crop 4-1).jpg
  | alt1                     = Skyline of Center City
  | caption1                 = Skyline of [[Center City (Philadelphia)|Center City]]
  | image2                   = Independence National Historical Park INDE0004 b.jpg
  | alt2                     = Independence National Historical Park
  | caption2                 = [[Independence National Historical Park]]
  | image3                   = Philadelphia City Hall, aerial view, cropped.png
  | alt3                     = Philadelphia City Hall
  | caption3                 = [[Philadelphia City Hall]] 
  | image4                   = Silverliner_V_SEPTA-811-philadelphia-22-6-2012-fws.jpg
  | alt4                     = Train in station
  | caption4                 = [[SEPTA]] Rail
  | image5                   = Elfreth's Alley (53572700168).jpg
  | alt5                     = Elfreth's Alley
  | caption5                 = [[Elfreth's Alley]]
  | image6                   = PhiladelphiaMuseumOfArt2017.jpg
  | alt6                     = Philadelphia Museum of Art
  | caption6                 = [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]
}}
| nickname           = "Philly", "The City of Brotherly Love", [[Nicknames of Philadelphia|others]]
| motto              = "Philadelphia maneto" ("Let brotherly love endure" or "... continue")<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=Sam|date=November 5, 2013|url=https://hiddencityphila.org/2013/11/behind-philadelphia-maneto-dissecting-the-city-seal|title=Behind Philadelphia Maneto: Dissecting The City Seal|website=Hidden City Philadelphia|access-date=January 18, 2018|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119040015/https://hiddencityphila.org/2013/11/behind-philadelphia-maneto-dissecting-the-city-seal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McDevitt|first=John|date=May 5, 2015|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2015/05/05/plaque-dedication-marks-120th-anniversary-of-creation-of-philadelphias-flag/|title=Plaque Dedication Marks 120th Anniversary of Creation of Philadelphia's Flag|website=CBS Broadcasting Inc.|access-date=January 18, 2018|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119035613/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2015/05/05/plaque-dedication-marks-120th-anniversary-of-creation-of-philadelphias-flag/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| image_flag         = Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg
| image_seal         = Seal of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg
| image_blank_emblem = City of Philadelphia Logo.svg
| blank_emblem_size  = 150px
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| image_map          = {{infobox mapframe|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=250|frame-height=300|zoom=8|frame-lat=39.953|frame-long=-75.164|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1345| title=Philadelphia}}
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Interactive map outlining Philadelphia
| pushpin_map        = Pennsylvania#USA#North America#Earth
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_label      = {{nowrap|Philadelphia}}
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the [[state of Pennsylvania]]##Location within the [[United States]] ##Location in [[North America]]##Location on [[Earth]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|39.9528|N|75.1636|W|region:US-PA|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_type2  = State
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_name2  = [[Pennsylvania]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]
| subdivision_type4  = Historic countries
| subdivision_name4  = [[Kingdom of England]]<br />[[Kingdom of Great Britain]]<br />[[Netherlands]]<br />[[Sweden]]<br />[[Lenape]]
| subdivision_type5  = [[Colony|Historic colony]]
| subdivision_name5  = [[Province of Pennsylvania]]
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]], [[consolidated city-county]]
| governing_body     = [[Philadelphia City Council]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Philadelphia|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Cherelle Parker]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| established_title  = Founded
| established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date   = {{Start date and age|1682}}<ref name=weigley/><!-- ref states early 1862 for first land purchase and summer 1682 for initial survey by Penn's surveyor-general, Thomas Holme, before Penn's arrival in October; no exact dates are given -->
| established_date1  = October 25, 1701
| founder            = [[William Penn]]
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_total_sq_mi   = 142.70
| area_total_km2     = 369.59
| area_land_sq_mi    = 134.36
| area_land_km2      = 347.98
| area_water_sq_mi   = 8.34
| area_water_km2     = 21.61
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 16, 2022|archive-date=November 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109154513/https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total   = 1,603,797
| population_est     = 1,567,258
| pop_est_as_of      = 2022
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="QuickFacts city">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/PST045222|title=QuickFacts: Philadelphia city, Pennsylvania|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 14, 2023|archive-date=January 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131031345/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/PST045222|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_rank    = [[List of North American cities by population|10th]] in North America<br />[[List of United States cities by population|6th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Pennsylvania|1st]] in Pennsylvania
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_metro   = 6245051 (US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|7th]])
| population_density_sq_mi = 11936.92
| population_density_km2 = 4608.86
| population_urban   = 5,696,125 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|7th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,158.6
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,000.8
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 8, 2023|archive-date=January 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Philadelphian
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name=PhiladelphiaMetroGDP>{{Cite web |title= Total Gross Domestic Product for Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA) |url= https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP37980 |website= fred.stlouisfed.org |access-date= January 3, 2024 |archive-date= January 10, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240110135225/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP37980 |url-status= live }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Philadelphia (MSA)
| demographics2_info1 = $518.5 billion (2022)
| timezone           = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 19092–19093, 19099, 191xx
| area_codes         = [[Area codes 215, 267, and 445|215, 267, 445]]
| elevation_m        = 12
| elevation_ft       = 39
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 42-60000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 1215531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1215531,City%20of%20Philadelphia|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=February 2, 2015|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140852/https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names/domestic-names?p=136%3A3%3A0%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP3_FID%2CP3_TITLE%3A1215531%2CCity%2520of%2520Philadelphia|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website            = {{official URL}}
| footnotes          = 
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE%3D%2742%27&outFields=NAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 16, 2022|archive-date=November 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109154513/https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE%3D%2742%27&outFields=NAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''Philadelphia''', colloquially referred to as '''Philly''', is the [[List of municipalities in Pennsylvania|most populous city]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Pennsylvania]]<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Philadelphia city, Pennsylvania |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412012650/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/POP010220 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[List of United States cities by population|sixth-most populous city in the United States]], with a population of 1,603,797 in the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. The city is the urban core of the larger [[Delaware Valley]], also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the nation's [[Metropolitan statistical area|eighth-largest]] [[metropolitan area]] and seventh-largest [[combined statistical area]] with 6.245 million residents and 7.366 million residents, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|title=Population and housing state data|website=2020 U.S. census|access-date=August 23, 2021|archive-date=August 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Philadelphia has played an [[History of Philadelphia|extensive role]] in [[History of the United States|United States history]]. The city was founded in 1682 by [[William Penn]], an [[English Americans|English]] [[Quakers|Quaker]] and advocate of [[Freedom of religion|religious freedom]], and served as the capital of the [[Province of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania Colony]] during the [[Colonial history of the United States|British colonial era]].<ref name=weigley/><ref>{{cite book |last=Brookes |first=Karin |editor=Zoë Ross |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |edition=Second (Updated) |year=2005 |publisher=APA Publications |pages=[https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer/page/21 21–22] |isbn=1-58573-026-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer/page/21 }}</ref> The city went on to play a historic and vital role during the [[American Revolution]] and [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], serving as the central meeting place for the [[Founding Fathers of the United States|nation's founding fathers]], hosting the [[First Continental Congress]] in 1774, preserving the [[Liberty Bell#Early days (1754–1777)|Liberty Bell]], and hosting the [[Second Continental Congress]] during which the nation's 56 founders formed the [[Continental Army]] and elected [[George Washington]] as its commander in 1775, and unanimously adopted the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] on July 4, 1776. For nine months, from September 1777 to June 1778, the city fell under [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|British occupation]] during the war's [[Philadelphia campaign]].<ref name="American Creation">{{cite book | author-link=Joseph Ellis | first=Joseph | last=Ellis | title=American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic | location=New York | publisher=Knopf | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-307-26369-8 | pages=55–56}}</ref> In 1787, the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]] was ratified in Philadelphia at the [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Philadelphia Convention]]. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, and it served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on [[List of capitals in the United States|four subsequent occasions]] until 1800, when construction of the new national capital in [[Washington, D.C.]] was completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2020 |title=How Philly lost the nation's capital to Washington |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-philly-lost-the-nations-capital-to-washington |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180113/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-philly-lost-the-nations-capital-to-washington |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=National Constitution Center}}</ref>

Philadelphia maintains extensive contemporary influence in [[Economy of Philadelphia|business and industry]], [[Culture of Philadelphia|culture]], [[Sports in Philadelphia|sports]], and [[Music of Philadelphia|music]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Historic Attractions in Philadelphia |url=https://www.visitphilly.com/history-in-philadelphia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119183525/https://www.visitphilly.com/history-in-philadelphia/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Visit Philadelphia |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philadelphia Convention & Visitors Bureau |date=February 22, 2006 |title=The Sounds of Philadelphia |url=http://www.pcvb.org/pressroom/view_kit.asp?ID=52 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222133521/http://www.pcvb.org/pressroom/view_kit.asp?ID=52 |archive-date=February 22, 2006 |access-date=March 29, 2006 |website=Press Kit}}</ref> With [[List of colleges and universities in Philadelphia|17 four-year universities and colleges]] in the city, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and [[research|academic research]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings-articles/qs-best-student-cities/philadelphia|title=Philadelphia|last=Tucker|first=Laura|date=November 25, 2014|publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|access-date=October 11, 2015|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016081925/http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings-articles/qs-best-student-cities/philadelphia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WHC>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/philadelphia-world-heritage-city-us-35026257|title=Philadelphia Becomes First World Heritage City in US|last=Sisak|first=Michael A.|date=November 6, 2015|publisher=ABC News Internet Ventures|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108030511/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/philadelphia-world-heritage-city-us-35026257|archive-date=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=November 6, 2015}}</ref> The city is a national cultural center, hosting more [[sculpture|outdoor sculptures]] and murals than any other city in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fpaa.org/about_gateway.html |title=Gateway to Public Art in Philadelphia |website=fpaa.org |publisher=[[Association for Public Art|Fairmount Park Art Association]] |date=August 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810153418/http://www.fpaa.org/about_gateway.html |archive-date=August 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=December 6, 2017 |quote=according to the Smithsonian Institution, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculpture than any other city in the country <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Save Outdoor Sculpture!]] program<nowiki>]</nowiki>.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.muralarts.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MA_Press-Kit_FINAL_April2017-1.pdf |title=Mural Arts Philadelphia – Press kit |website=muralarts.org |publisher=[[Mural Arts Program|Mural Arts Philadelphia]] |access-date=December 6, 2017 |quote=Mural Arts Philadelphia is the nation's largest public art program...creating nearly 4,000 artworks that have transformed public spaces. |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207083645/https://www.muralarts.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MA_Press-Kit_FINAL_April2017-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Fairmount Park]], when combined with adjacent [[Wissahickon Valley Park]] in the same [[Drainage basin|watershed]], is {{convert|2052|acres}}, representing one of the nation's largest and the [[List of urban parks by size|world's 54th-largest]] [[urban park]].<ref name=tplrank>{{cite web|url=http://www.tpl.org/sites/default/files/files_upload/2014_CityParkFacts.pdf |title=2014 City Park Facts |pages=9, 25, 28 |website=tpl.org |publisher=The Trust for Public Land |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920120721/http://www.tpl.org/sites/default/files/files_upload/2014_CityParkFacts.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref> Philadelphia is known for its arts, [[Culture of Philadelphia|culture]], [[Philadelphia cuisine|cuisine]], and [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial]] and Revolutionary-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42&nbsp;million domestic tourists who spent $6.8&nbsp;billion, representing  $11&nbsp;billion in economic impact to the city and its surrounding Pennsylvania counties.<ref name="Visit Philadelphia">{{cite web | url=http://files.visitphilly.com/Visit-Philadelphia-annual-report-2017.pdf | title=Visit Philadelphia 2017 Annual Report | page=6 | website=visitphilly.com | publisher=[[Visit Philadelphia]] | access-date=December 5, 2017 | archive-date=December 5, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205235746/http://files.visitphilly.com/Visit-Philadelphia-annual-report-2017.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> With [[Sports in Philadelphia|five professional sports teams]] and one of the nation's most loyal and passionate fan bases, Philadelphia is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/218685-the-most-passionate-fans-in-sportsphiladelphia-fans|title=The most passionate fans in sports|website=Bleacher Report|date=July 16, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024210352/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/218685-the-most-passionate-fans-in-sportsphiladelphia-fans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelibertyline.com/2022/07/13/jj-redick-best-sports-city-philadelphia/|title=JJ Redick says that Philadelphia is the best sports town in America despite Philly sports radio being delusional|website=The Liberty Line|date=September 24, 2020|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=December 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201103631/https://thelibertyline.com/2022/07/13/jj-redick-best-sports-city-philadelphia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2019/12/07/best-city-for-sports-fans/|title=Philadelphia is the best city for sports fans|journal=Philadelphia Magazine|date=December 7, 2019|first=Sandy|last=Hingston|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024210343/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2019/12/07/best-city-for-sports-fans/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/phillies-eagles-diehard-bandwagon-fans-20221021.html|title=What Philly--and Philly sports fans--taught me about fandom|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=October 21, 2022|first=Stephanie|last=Farr|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024210343/https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/phillies-eagles-diehard-bandwagon-fans-20221021.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The city has a culturally and [[philanthropy|philanthropically]] active [[LGBT culture in Philadelphia|LGBTQ+ community]]. Philadelphia also has played an immensely [[Music of Philadelphia|influential historic and ongoing role]] in the development and evolution of American music, especially [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[soul music|soul]], and [[rock music|rock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/|title=Philly: the best sports city in America|website=The Stanford Daily|date=April 26, 2018|first=Andrew|last=Ziperski|access-date=August 17, 2022|archive-date=August 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234601/https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/|title=JJ Redick calls Philly 'the greatest sports town in America|website=Philly Voice|date=July 13, 2022|first=Nick|last=Tricome|access-date=August 17, 2022|archive-date=August 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234559/https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2022}}, the Philadelphia metropolitan area had a [[List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP|gross metropolitan product]] of US$518.5 billion<ref name=PhiladelphiaMetroGDP/> and is home to five [[Fortune 500]] corporate headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/search/hqcity=Philadelphia|title="Fortune 500" (by city)|website=Fortune|year=2022|access-date=October 24, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Metropolitan Philadelphia ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. [[venture capital]] hubs, facilitated by its geographic proximity to both the [[List of tech companies in the New York metropolitan area|entrepreneurial]] and [[Wall Street|financial ecosystems]] of [[New York City]] and to the [[Federal government of the United States|federal regulatory]] environment of Washington, D.C.<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub>{{cite web|url=https://nvca.org/document/q2-2024-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor/|title=Q2 2024|publisher=PitchBook-NVCA Venture Monitor|date=July 11, 2024|access-date=July 11, 2024|archive-date=July 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711203805/https://nvca.org/document/q2-2024-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor/|url-status=live}}</ref> Greater Philadelphia is also a [[biotechnology]] hub. The [[Philadelphia Stock Exchange]], owned by [[Nasdaq]] since 2008, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in [[Option (finance)|options]] trading.<ref name=PhiladelphiaSemiconductorIndex>{{cite web|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soxx.asp|title=Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX)|author=Lucas Downey and Somer Anderson|publisher=[[Dotdash Meredith]]|date=May 19, 2022|accessdate=July 17, 2022|archive-date=July 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718013108/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soxx.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> [[30th Street Station]], the city's primary rail station, is the [[List of busiest Amtrak stations|third-busiest Amtrak hub]] in the nation, and the city's [[multimodal transportation]] and [[logistics]] infrastructure also includes [[Philadelphia International Airport]], a major [[Transatlantic flight|transatlantic]] gateway and transcontinental hub;<ref name=PhillyMajorTransAtlanticHub>{{cite web|url=https://www.phl.org/newsroom/AA-CPH|publisher=Philadelphia International Airport|access-date=June 15, 2024|title=American Airlines and PHL Airport Celebrate Further Transatlantic Growth with New Service to Copenhagen|quote=“American Airlines is proud to offer unparalleled access to some of the most popular European vacation destinations from Philadelphia, which serves as the airline’s transatlantic gateway,” said Lakshman Amaranayaka, American Airlines Vice President of PHL Hub Operations.|archive-date=June 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615051927/https://www.phl.org/newsroom/AA-CPH|url-status=live}}</ref> the rapidly-growing [[Port of Philadelphia|PhilaPort seaport]];<ref name=RapidlyGrowingPhiladelphiaSeaport>{{cite web|url=https://www.philaport.com/|title=PhilaPort The Port of Philadelphia|publisher=Philadelphia Regional Port Authority|access-date=August 14, 2023|archive-date=August 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814130732/https://www.philaport.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Interstate 95 (Pennsylvania)|Interstate 95]], the spine of the north–south highway system along the [[East Coast of the United States|U.S. East Coast]].

Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first [[Library Company of Philadelphia|library]] (1731),<ref name="Firsts">{{cite web | url=http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphiafirsts.html | title=Philadelphia Firsts 1681–1899 | publisher=USHistory | access-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-date=February 17, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217233358/http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphiafirsts.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pennsylvania Hospital|hospital]] (1751),<ref name="Firsts" /> [[Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania|medical school]] (1765),<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morgan_john.html |title=John Morgan (1735–1789) |encyclopedia=Penn in the 18th Century |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703234451/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morgan_john.html |archive-date=July 3, 2008}}</ref> [[First Continental Congress|national capital]] (1774),<ref name=senate>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|title=The Nine Capitals of the United States|publisher=[[United States Senate]]|access-date=December 5, 2017|archive-date=March 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084755/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[First university in the United States|university (by some accounts)]] (1779),<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/firstuniv.html |title=The University of Pennsylvania: America's First University |website=upenn.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711051514/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/firstuniv.html |archive-date=July 11, 2006 |access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref> [[Bank of North America|central bank]] (1781),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michener |first1=John H. |title=The Bank of North America, Philadelphia, a national bank, founded 1781 |year=1906 |page=37 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924032535753#page/n49/mode/2up |access-date=March 17, 2016 |publisher=R. G. Cooke, Inc. |location=New York |id=HG21613.P54}}</ref> [[Philadelphia Stock Exchange|stock exchange]] (1790),<ref name="Firsts" /> [[Philadelphia Zoo|zoo]] (1874),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |title=About the Philadelphia Zoo |publisher=Philadelphia Zoo |access-date=April 30, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330192449/http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |archive-date=March 30, 2015 }}</ref> and [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|business school]] (1881).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/about-wharton/ | title=About Wharton | publisher=The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania | access-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-date=July 1, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701074158/http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/about-wharton/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia contains 67 [[List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia|National Historic Landmarks]], including [[Independence Hall]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/78|title=Independence Hall|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319144322/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/78/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ovpm.org/en/regional_secretariats/news/philadelphias_new_branding_world_heritage_city|title=\Philadelphia's new branding as World Heritage City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306142355/https://www.ovpm.org/en/regional_secretariats/news/philadelphias_new_branding_world_heritage_city | archive-date=March 6, 2018 | website=Organization of World Heritage Cities|access-date=March 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name=WHC/> From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of [[List of people from Philadelphia|prominent and influential Americans]].
{{TOC limit}}

==History==
{{Main|History of Philadelphia}}
{{For timeline|Timeline of Philadelphia}}
{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia|National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia}}

===Native peoples===
Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century, the Philadelphia area was home to the [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]] in the village of [[Treaty of Shackamaxon|Shackamaxon]]. They were also called the Delaware Indians,<ref name=josephy>Josephy 188–189</ref> and their historical territory was along the [[Delaware River]] [[Drainage basin|watershed]], western [[Long Island]], and the [[Hudson Valley|Lower Hudson Valley]].{{efn|1= Description of the Lenape peoples (Delaware nations) historic territories inside the [[divides]] of the frequently mountainous [[landforms]] flanking the [[Delaware River]]'s [[drainage basin]]. These terrains encompass from South to North and then counter-clockwise:
{{hlist
| the shores from the east-shore mouth of the river and the sea coast to Western Long Island (all of both colonial [[New Amsterdam]] and [[New Sweden]]), and
| portions of Western Connecticut up to the latitude of the Massachusetts corner of today's boundaries{{mdash }}making the eastern bounds of their influence, thence their region extended:
| westerly past the region around [[Albany, New York]] to the [[Susquehanna River]] side of the [[Catskills]], then
| southerly through the eastern [[Pocono Mountains|Poconos]] outside the rival [[Susquehannock]] lands past [[Province of Pennsylvania|Eastern Pennsylvania]] then southerly past the site of [[History of Philadelphia|Colonial Philadelphia]] past the west bank mouth of the Delaware and extending south from that point along a stretch of sea coast in northern colonial [[Delaware]].
}}

The [[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]]-[[Delaware River]] system's [[Drainage basin|watershed]] divided the frequently contested hunting grounds between the rival [[Susquehannock]] peoples and the Lenape peoples, and the Catskills and Berkshires played a similar boundary role in the northern regions of their original colonial era range.}} Most Lenape were pushed out of the region during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts.<ref name=josephy/> Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly [[smallpox]], and conflict with Europeans. The [[Iroquois]] occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper [[Ohio River]] basin. Following the [[American Revolutionary War]] and subsequent formation of an independent United States, the Lenape began moving further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most remaining Lenape in the [[eastern United States]] to the [[Indian Territory]] in present-day [[Oklahoma]] and surrounding territories as part of the [[Indian removal]] policy.

===Colonial===
[[File:The Birth of Pennsylvania 1680 cph.3g07157.jpg|thumb|[[William Penn]] (holding paper) and [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]] depicted in ''The Birth of Pennsylvania 1680'' by [[Jean Leon Gerome Ferris]]]]
[[File:Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West.jpg|thumb|[[William Penn]]'s 1682 [[Treaty of Shackamaxon]] with the [[Lenape]] tribe depicted in ''[[Penn's Treaty with the Indians]]'', a 1772 portrait by [[Benjamin West]]]]
[[File:Map of the Original City of Philadelphia in 1682 by Thomas Holme.jpg|thumb|A 1683 portrait of Philadelphia by [[Thomas Holme]], believed to be the city's first map|alt=A Portraiture of the City of Philadelphia, by Thomas Holme]]
Europeans first entered Philadelphia and the surrounding [[Delaware Valley]] in the early 17th century. The first settlements were founded by [[Dutch colonization of the Americas|Dutch colonists]], who built [[Fort Nassau (South River)|Fort Nassau]] on the [[Delaware River]] in 1623 in what is now [[Brooklawn, New Jersey]]. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their [[New Netherland]] colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of [[New Sweden]] at [[Fort Christina]], located in present-day [[Wilmington, Delaware]], and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the [[Susquehannock]]s in their war against [[Province of Maryland|Maryland]] colonists.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jennings|first=Francis|year=1984|title=The Ambiguous Iroquois|location=New York|publisher=Norton|isbn=0-393-01719-2}}</ref> In 1648, the Dutch built [[Fort Beversreede]] on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the [[Schuylkill River]] near the present-day [[Eastwick, Philadelphia|Eastwick]] section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The [[Swedes]] responded by building [[New Sweden#Forts|Fort Nya Korsholm]], or New [[Korsholm]], named after a town in [[Finland]] with a Swedish majority.

In 1655, a [[Dutch armed forces|Dutch military]] campaign led by New Netherland Director-General [[Peter Stuyvesant]] took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence. The Swedish and [[Finnish people]] settlers continued to have their own [[militia]], religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. An English fleet captured the New Netherland colony in 1664, though the situation did not change substantially until 1682, when the area was included in [[William Penn]]'s charter for Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Citation |author-last1=Brookes |author-first1=Karin |author-first2=John |author-last2=Gattuso |author-first3=Lou |author-last3=Harry |author-first4=Edward |author-last4=Jardim |author-first5=Donald |author-last5=Kraybill |author-first6=Susan |author-last6=Lewis |author-first7=Dave |author-last7=Nelson |author-first8=Carol |author-last8=Turkington |editor-first=Zoë |editor-last=Ross |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |edition=Second (Updated) |year=2005 |publisher=APA Publications |pages=[https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer/page/21 21–22] |isbn=1-58573-026-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer/page/21 }}</ref>

In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, [[Charles II of England]] granted Penn a [[charter]] for what would become the [[Province of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania colony]]. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local [[Lenape]] in an effort to establish good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for the colony.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |page=21}}</ref> Penn made a [[Treaty of Shackamaxon|treaty of friendship]] with Lenape chief [[Tamanend|Tammany]] under an elm tree at [[Shackamaxon]], in what is now the city's [[Fishtown, Philadelphia|Fishtown]] neighborhood.<ref name=weigley>{{Cite book
 |author          = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
 |editor-first    = RF
 |editor-last     = Weigley
 |title           = Philadelphia: A 300-Year History
 |publisher       = [[W. W. Norton & Company]]
 |year            = 1982
 |location        = New York and London
 |pages           = [https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/4 4–5]
 |isbn            = 0-393-01610-2
 |oclc            = 8532897
 |display-editors = etal
 |url             = https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/4
}}</ref> Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is [[Greek language|Greek]] for "brotherly love", derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] terms [[wikt:φίλος|φίλος]] ''phílos'' (beloved, dear) and [[wikt:ἀδελφός|ἀδελφός]] ''adelphós'' (brother, brotherly). There were a number of cities named ''[[Philadelphia (disambiguation)|Philadelphia]]'' in the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] during the Greek and Roman periods, including modern [[Alaşehir]], mentioned as the site of an early Christian congregation in the [[Book of Revelation]]. As a [[Quakers|Quaker]], Penn had experienced [[religious persecution]] and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, which exceeded that of other colonies, led to better relations with the local native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city.<ref>{{Cite book
 |last      = Avery
 |first     = Ron
 |title     = A Concise History of Philadelphia
 |publisher = Otis Books
 |year      = 1999
 |location  = Philadelphia
 |page      = [https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000aver/page/19 19]
 |isbn      = 0-9658825-1-9
 |url       = https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000aver/page/19
}}</ref>

Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a [[grid plan]] to keep houses and businesses spread far apart with areas for gardens and [[orchard]]s.

The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, however, and instead crowded the present-day [[Port of Philadelphia]] on the Delaware River and subdivided and resold their lots.<ref>{{cite book
 |author          = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
 |editor-first    = RF
 |editor-last     = Weigley
 |title           = Philadelphia: A 300-Year History
 |publisher       = [[W. W. Norton & Company]]
 |year            = 1982
 |location        = New York and London
 |pages           = 7, 14–16
 |isbn            = 0-393-01610-2
 |oclc            = 8532897
 |display-editors = etal
 |url             = https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/7
}}</ref> Before Penn left Philadelphia for the final time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. Though poor at first, Philadelphia became an important trading center with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. [[Benjamin Franklin]], a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones that were among the first in the nation, including a [[Union Fire Company|fire company]], [[Library Company of Philadelphia|library]], and [[Pennsylvania Hospital|hospital]].

A number of [[philosophy|philosophical societies]] were formed, which were centers of the city's intellectual life, including the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785), the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and the Useful Arts (1787), the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Academy of Natural Sciences]] (1812), and the [[Franklin Institute]] (1824).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=35&chapter=2 |title=Explore PA History website |publisher=Explorepahistory.com |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=December 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215022801/http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=35&chapter=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> These societies developed and financed new industries that attracted skilled and knowledgeable immigrants from Europe.

===American Revolution===
{{See also|Pennsylvania in the American Revolution|Philadelphia campaign}}
[[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|The [[Committee of Five]] presenting their draft of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] in [[Independence Hall]] on June 28, 1776, depicted in [[Declaration of Independence (painting)|an 1818 painting]] by [[John Trumbull]]; historian [[Joseph Ellis]] called the Declaration "the most potent and consequential words in American history."<ref>John Hazelton, ''The Historical Value of Trumbull's: Declaration of Independence'', [[Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography]], volume 31 (Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1907), 38.</ref>]]
[[File:Philadelphia Presidents house.jpg|thumb|[[President's House (Philadelphia)|President's House]] on [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]] served as the presidential mansion for the nation's first two [[President of the United States|presidents]], [[George Washington]] and [[John Adams]], from 1790 to 1800 prior to the completion of the [[White House]] and the development of [[Washington, D.C.]] as the nation's new capital.]]
[[File:Exterior of the Independence Hall, Aug 2019.jpg|thumb|[[Independence Hall]] on [[Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)|Chestnut Street]] between 5th and 6th streets, where the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] was signed and the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] was ratified, on July 4, 1776, and June 21, 1788, respectively]]
Philadelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for [[American Revolution|America's revolutionaries]]. By the 1750s, Philadelphia surpassed [[Boston]] as the largest city and busiest [[port]] in [[British America]], and the second-largest city in the entire [[British Empire]] after [[London]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lew|first=Alan A.|title=Geography: USA|year=2004|chapter-url=http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch4.html|publisher=Northern Arizona University|chapter=Chapter 4 – The Mid-Atlantic and Megalopolis|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202002258/http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch4.html|archive-date=February 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution |last=Rappleye |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Rappleye |year=2010 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-4165-7091-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/robertm_rap_2010_00_1148/page/13 13] |url=https://archive.org/details/robertm_rap_2010_00_1148/page/13 }}</ref> In 1774, as resentment of [[British colonization of the Americas|British colonial]] practices and support for independence was burgeoning in the colonies, Philadelphia hosted the [[First Continental Congress]].

From 1775 to 1781, Philadelphia hosted the [[Second Continental Congress]],<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=View of Philadelphia, Circa 1770|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9578/|work=[[Library of Congress]]|year=1770|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|access-date=January 4, 2014|archive-date=January 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205330/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9578/|url-status=live}}</ref> which adopted the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] in what was then called the [[Independence Hall|Pennsylvania State House]] and was later renamed Independence Hall. Historian [[Joseph Ellis]], in 2007, described the Declaration of Independence, written predominantly by [[Thomas Jefferson]], as "the most potent and consequential words in American history,"<ref name="American Creation"/> and its adoption represented a declaration of war against the [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|British Army]], which was then the world's most powerful military force. Since the Declaration's July 4, 1776, adoption, its signing has been cited globally and repeatedly by various peoples of the world seeking independence and liberty. It also has been, since its adoption, the basis for annual celebration by Americans; in 1938, this celebration of the Declaration was formalized as [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]], one of only [[Federal holidays in the United States|eleven designated U.S. federal holidays]].

After [[George Washington]]'s defeat at the [[Battle of Brandywine]] in [[Chadds Ford Township, Pennsylvania|Chadds Ford Township]], on September 11, 1777, during the [[Philadelphia campaign]], the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia was defenseless and the city prepared for what was perceived to be an inevitable British attack. Because bells could easily be recast into munitions, the [[Liberty Bell]], then known as the Pennsylvania State Bell, and bells from two Philadelphia churches, [[Christ Church, Philadelphia|Christ Church]] and [[St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)|St. Peter's Church]], were hastily taken down and transported by heavily guarded wagon train out of the city. The Liberty Bell was taken to [[High German Evangelical Reformed Church|Zion German Reformed Church]] in Northampton Town, which is present-day [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], where it was hidden under the church's floor boards for nine months from September 1777 until the British Army's departure from Philadelphia in June 1778.<ref>Nash, p. 19</ref> Two Revolutionary War battles, the [[Siege of Fort Mifflin]], fought between September 26 and November 16, 1777, and the [[Battle of Germantown]], fought on October 4, 1777, took place within Philadelphia's city limits.

In Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress adopted the [[Articles of Confederation]] on November 15, 1777, and the city later served as the meeting place for the [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Constitutional Convention]], which ratified the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] in Independence Hall in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787.

Philadelphia served as capital of the United States for much of the colonial and early post-colonial periods, including for a decade, from 1790 to 1800, while [[Washington, D.C.]], was being constructed and prepared to serve as the new national capital.<ref>''Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings'', pages 30–33</ref> In 1793, the largest [[1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic|yellow fever epidemic]] in U.S. history killed approximately 4,000 to 5,000 people in Philadelphia, or about ten percent of the city's population at the time.<ref>{{cite web | title=Part 3: Philadelphia/The Yellow Fever Epidemic | work=Africans in America | publisher=PBS Online | year=1998 | url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1590.html | access-date=September 8, 2017 | archive-date=March 21, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321120827/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1590.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | last=Arnebeck | first=Bob
 | title=A Short History of Yellow Fever in the US
 | work=Benjamin Rush, Yellow Fever and the Birth of Modern Medicine
 | date=January 30, 2008
| url=http://geocities.com/bobarnebeck/history.html
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028142521/http://geocities.com/bobarnebeck/history.html
 | archive-date=October 28, 2009
| access-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref> The capital of the United States was moved to Washington, D.C. in 1800 upon completion of the [[White House]] and [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]] buildings.

The state capital was moved from Philadelphia to [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] in 1799, then ultimately to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] in 1812. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until the late 18th century. It also was the nation's financial and cultural center until ultimately being eclipsed in total population by [[New York City]] in 1790. In 1816, the city's free Black community founded the [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]], the first independent Black denomination in the country, and the first Black [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]]. The free Black community also established many schools for its children with the help of [[Quakers]]. Large-scale construction projects for new roads, [[canal]]s, and railroads made Philadelphia the first major [[Industrial Revolution|industrial]] city in the United States.

===19th century===
{{Further|Pennsylvania in the American Civil War}}
[[File:City of Philadelphia 1866.jpg|thumb|Loan of the City of Philadelphia, issued March 7, 1866]]
[[File:Centennial Exhibition, Opening Day.jpg|thumb|Opening day ceremonies at the [[Centennial Exposition]] at [[Memorial Hall (Philadelphia)|Memorial Hall]] in [[Fairmount Park]] in 1876, the first [[World's fair|world fair]] held in the U.S. on the centennial anniversary of the nation's founding]]
Throughout the 19th century, Philadelphia hosted a variety of industries and businesses; the largest was the [[textile industry]]. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]], [[William Cramp & Sons|William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company]], and the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]].<ref>{{Cite book
 |author          = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
 |editor-first    = RF
 |editor-last     = Weigley
 |title           = Philadelphia: A 300-Year History
 |publisher       = [[W. W. Norton & Company]]
 |year            = 1982
 |location        = New York and London
 |pages           = 214, 218, 428–429
 |isbn            = 0-393-01610-2
 |oclc            = 8532897
 |display-editors = etal
 |url             = https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/214
}}</ref> Established in 1870, the Philadelphia Conveyancers' Association was chartered by the state in 1871. Along with the U.S. Centennial in 1876, the city's industry was celebrated in the [[Centennial Exposition]], the first official [[World's fair]] in the U.S.

Immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Germany, settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts. These immigrants were largely responsible for the [[1835 Philadelphia general strike|first general strike in North America]] in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. The city was a destination for thousands of Irish immigrants fleeing the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] in the 1840s; housing for them was developed south of [[South Street (Philadelphia)|South Street]] and later occupied by succeeding immigrants. They established a network of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] churches and schools and dominated the Catholic clergy for decades. Anti-[[Irish people|Irish]], anti-Catholic [[Nativism (politics)|nativist]] [[Philadelphia nativist riots|riots]] erupted in Philadelphia in 1844. The rise in population of the surrounding districts helped lead to the [[Act of Consolidation, 1854|Act of Consolidation of 1854]], which extended the city limits from the {{convert|2|sqmi}} of [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] to the roughly {{convert|134|sqmi}} of [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]].<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphia.html
 |title=A Brief History of Philadelphia
 |access-date=December 14, 2006
|work=Philadelphia History
 |publisher=ushistory.org
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104085513/http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphia.html
 |archive-date=January 4, 2013
}}</ref><ref name=Consolidation>{{cite web|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/consolidation-act-of-1854/|title=Consolidation Act of 1854|access-date=September 17, 2014|archive-date=November 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110124235/http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/consolidation-act-of-1854/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the latter half of the 19th century and leading into the 20th century, immigrants from Russia, Eastern Europe, and Italy, and African Americans from the [[Southern United States|southern U.S.]] settled in the city.<ref>''Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings'', pages 38–39</ref>

Philadelphia was represented by the [[Washington Grays (Philadelphia)|Washington Grays]] in the [[American Civil War]]. The African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559 between 1880 and 1930, largely stemming from the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the [[Southern United States|South]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/stats/census_lloyd.html|title=Notes on the historical development of population in West Philadelphia|website=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=January 16, 2010|archive-date=June 14, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614195259/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/stats/census_lloyd.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/migration/ch1.php |title=Detroit and the Great Migration, 1916–1929 by Elizabeth Anne Martin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615144911/http://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/migration/ch1.php |archive-date=June 15, 2008 |date=July 5, 2007 |publisher=Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Chestnut Street at Night.jpg|thumb|[[Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)|Chestnut Street]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] at night in February 2016]]
By the 20th century, Philadelphia had an entrenched [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[political machine]] and a complacent population.{{clarify|date=August 2024|reason=What is meant by a "complacent population"?}}<ref>''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'', pages 535, 537</ref> In 1910, [[Philadelphia general strike (1910)|a general strike]] shut down the entire city.<ref name="AFL">Foner, Philip S. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vIn-bO2Oe1cC&pg=PA143 The General Strike in Philadelphia—1910] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713051302/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIn-bO2Oe1cC&pg=PA143 |date=July 13, 2023 }}'' Ch 6 of History of the labor movement in the United States, Vol. 5: The AFL in the Progressive Era 1910 - 1915. International Publishers Co. {{ISBN|0-7178-0562-X}}. Accessed June 29, 2011, at Google Books.</ref>

In 1917, following outrage over the election-year murder of a Philadelphia police officer, led to the shrinking of the [[Philadelphia City Council|City Council]] from two houses to just one.<ref>''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'', pages 563 – 564</ref> In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a [[Race riots in Philadelphia during the 1919 Red Summer|race riot]] during [[Red Summer]] in post-[[World War I]] unrest as recent immigrants competed with Blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] laws, [[organized crime]], mob violence, and corrupt police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of [[Brigadier general|Brig. Gen.]] [[Smedley Butler]] of the [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] as the city's director of public safety, but political pressure still prevented long-term success in fighting crime and corruption.<ref>''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'', pages 578 – 581</ref>

In 1940, [[non-Hispanic whites]] constituted 86.8% of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> In 1950, the population peaked at more than two million residents, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry that led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization enticed many affluent residents to depart the city for its outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. The resulting reduction in Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government caused the city to struggle through a long period of adjustment, and it approached bankruptcy by the late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.picapa.org/docs/OW/19961015_A_Foreboding_Future_for_Philadelphia.pdf|title = Continuing Economic Decline: A Foreboding Future for Philadelphia|date = October 15, 1996|journal = White Paper|access-date = September 29, 2015|archive-date = September 10, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910172147/http://www.picapa.org/docs/OW/19961015_A_Foreboding_Future_for_Philadelphia.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Philadelphia's Changing Middle Class: After Decades of Decline, Prospects for Growth|url = http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/02/24/philadelphias-changing-middle-class-after-decades-of-decline-prospects-for-growth|website = www.pewtrusts.org|date = February 24, 2014|access-date = September 29, 2015|archive-date = September 30, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930024050/http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/02/24/philadelphias-changing-middle-class-after-decades-of-decline-prospects-for-growth|url-status = live}}</ref>

In 1985, the [[1985 MOVE bombing|MOVE Bombing]] of the [[Cobbs Creek, Philadelphia|Cobbs Creek]] neighborhood by city helicopters occurred, killing 11 and destroying 61 homes.<ref name="Demby 2015">{{cite web |last1=Demby |first1=Gene |date=May 13, 2015 |title=I'm From Philly. 30 Years Later, I'm Still Trying To Make Sense Of The MOVE Bombing |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/05/13/406243272/im-from-philly-30-years-later-im-still-trying-to-make-sense-of-the-move-bombing |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=NPR |publisher=National Public Radio, Inc. |ref=Demby 2015 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111094018/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/05/13/406243272/im-from-philly-30-years-later-im-still-trying-to-make-sense-of-the-move-bombing |url-status=live }}</ref>

Revitalization and [[gentrification]] of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century with much of the development occurring in the [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] and [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]] neighborhoods. But this expanded a shortage of [[affordable housing]] in the city. After many manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to market itself more aggressively as a tourist destination. Contemporary glass-and-granite [[List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia|skyscrapers]] were built in Center City beginning in the 1980s. Historic areas such as [[Old City, Philadelphia|Old City]] and [[Society Hill]] were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s, making both areas among the most desirable Center City neighborhoods. Immigrants from around the world began to enter the U.S. through Philadelphia as their gateway, leading to a reversal of the city's population decline between 1950 and 2000, during which it lost about 25 percent of its residents.<ref>''Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings'', pages 44–45</ref><ref>''A Concise History of Philadelphia'', page 78</ref>

===21st century===
Philadelphia eventually began experiencing a growth in its population in 2007, which continued with incremental annual increases through the present.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/197903331.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319073844/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/197903331.html|archive-date=March 19, 2013|title=Census: Phila. keeps on growing|first1=Dylan|last1=Purcell|first2=Karie|last2=Simmons|date=March 14, 2013|website=philly.com}}</ref><ref name="Pop Estimate">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/philadelphiacountypennsylvania|title=QuickFacts Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 18, 2019|archive-date=January 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101141044/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/philadelphiacountypennsylvania|url-status=live}}</ref> A migration pattern has been established from New York City to Philadelphia by residents opting for a large city with relative proximity and a lower [[cost of living]].<ref name=NYCMigrationToPhiladephia1>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/09/08/influx-of-new-york-transplants-to-philadelphia.amp.html|title=New Yorkers keep moving to Philadelphia, and local Realtors say the influx has 'raised the bar'|author=Ryan Mulligan|publisher=bizjournals.com|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=February 22, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224152/https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/09/08/influx-of-new-york-transplants-to-philadelphia.amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYCMigrationToPhiladephia2>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|title=Leaving New York to Find the American Dream in Philadelphia|author=Matt Katz|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 20, 2018|access-date=February 22, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224152/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Topography===
Philadelphia's geographic center is about 40° 0′ 34″ north latitude and 75° 8′ 0″ west longitude. The [[40th parallel north]] passes through neighborhoods in [[Northeast Philadelphia]], [[North Philadelphia]], and [[West Philadelphia]] including [[Fairmount Park]]. The city encompasses {{convert|142.71|sqmi|2}}, of which {{convert|134.18|sqmi|2}} is land and {{convert|8.53|sqmi|2}}, or 6%, is water.<ref name="CenGeoGazetteer">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_42.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=August 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824204429/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_42.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> Natural bodies of water include the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Schuylkill River|Schuylkill]] rivers, lakes in [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park]], and [[Cobbs Creek|Cobbs]], [[Wissahickon Creek|Wissahickon]], and [[Pennypack Creek|Pennypack]] creeks. The largest artificial body of water is East Park Reservoir in [[Fairmount Park]].

The lowest point is sea level and the highest point is in [[Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia|Chestnut Hill]], about {{convert|446|ft|m|0}} above sea level on Summit Street near the intersection of Germantown Avenue and [[Bethlehem Pike]] at: 40.07815 N, 75.20747 W.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/advanced-viewer/ |title=The National Map |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |website=nationalmap.gov |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=March 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/08/17/discovering-chestnut-hill-discover-summit-street-a-microcosm-of-19th-century-american-architecture/ |title=Discovering Chestnut Hill: Discover Summit Street, a microcosm of 19th Century American architecture – Chestnut Hill Local Philadelphia PA |publisher=Chestnut Hill Community Association |website=chestnuthilllocal.com |date=August 17, 2016 |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181213/https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/08/17/discovering-chestnut-hill-discover-summit-street-a-microcosm-of-19th-century-american-architecture/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia is located on the [[Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line]] that separates the [[Atlantic Plain]] from the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Railsback|first=Bruce|url=http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122EUSMISR.html|title=GEOL 1122: Earth's History of Global Change:The Fall Line|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219174225/http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122EUSMISR.html|archive-date=February 19, 2020|website=University of Georgia Department of Geology}}</ref> The Schuylkill River's rapids at [[East Falls, Philadelphia|East Falls]] were inundated by completion of the dam at [[Fairmount Water Works]].<ref>"[http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/otherinfo/pname1.htm Philadelphia Neighborhoods and Place Names, A–K] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001200519/http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/otherinfo/pname1.htm |date=October 1, 2010 }}". ''Philadelphia Information Locator System''.</ref>

The city is the seat of [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|its own county]]. The city is bordered by six adjacent counties: [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]] to the northwest; [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks]] to the north and northeast; [[Burlington County, New Jersey]] to the east; [[Camden County, New Jersey]] to the southeast; [[Gloucester County, New Jersey]] to the south; and [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]] to the southwest.

===Cityscape===
{{see also|Architecture of Philadelphia|List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia}}

====City planning====
{{See also|List of Philadelphia neighborhoods}}
{{wide image|A651, Philadelphia skyline from the Spring Garden Street Bridge, 2018.jpg|900px|align-cap=center|The skyline of Philadelphia seen from the northwest on the [[Spring Garden Street Bridge]] over the [[Schuylkill River]] in April 2018 (annotated version)}}
{{wide image|Philadelphia from South Street Bridge July 2016 panorama 3b.jpg|900px|align-cap=center|Philadelphia's skyline at twilight from the southwest on the [[South Street Bridge (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)|South Street Bridge]] with the [[Schuylkill River]] on the left in July 2016 (annotated version)}}
Philadelphia was created in the 17th century, following the plan by [[William Penn]]'s surveyor [[Thomas Holme]]. [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] is structured with long, straight streets running nearly due east–west and north–south, forming a grid pattern between the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Schuylkill River|Schuylkill]] rivers that is aligned with their courses. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire.<ref name="Philadelphia Squares">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/02/04/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/ |title=A Guide To Philadelphia's 'Squares' |publisher=CBS Philly |date=February 4, 2011 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |author=Daly, Molly |archive-date=February 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213014158/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/02/04/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In keeping with the idea of a "Greene Countrie Towne", and inspired by the many types of trees that grew in the region, Penn named many of the east–west streets for local trees.<ref>Laura Turner Igoe, "[https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/trees-2/ Trees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208184841/https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/trees-2/ |date=February 8, 2021 }}", ''The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia''; accessed 2021.01.29.</ref> Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824.<ref name="Philadelphia Squares" /> Centre Square was renamed [[Penn Square, Philadelphia|Penn Square]];<ref>[https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display.cfm/20977 "Philadelphia City Hall"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041648/https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display.cfm/20977 |date=November 11, 2017 }}. ''Philadelphia Architects and Buildings''. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</ref> Northeast Square was renamed [[Franklin Square (Philadelphia)|Franklin Square]]; Southeast Square was renamed [[Washington Square (Philadelphia)|Washington Square]]; Southwest Square was renamed [[Rittenhouse Square]]; and Northwest Square was renamed [[Logan Circle (Philadelphia)|Logan Circle/Square]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/history/ |title=Franklin Square History |publisher=Historic Philadelphia |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527015930/http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] had an estimated 183,240 residents {{as of|2015|lc=y}}, making it the second-most populated downtown area in the United States after [[Midtown Manhattan]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-22/news/61383432_1_south-philadelphia-annual-report-center-city-district |title=(Greater) Center City's population second only to Midtown Manhattan's |author=Maria Panaritis |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=April 22, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313153228/http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-22/news/61383432_1_south-philadelphia-annual-report-center-city-district |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Philadelphia's neighborhoods are divided into six large sections that surround Center City: [[North Philadelphia]], [[Northeast Philadelphia]], [[South Philadelphia]], [[Southwest Philadelphia]], [[West Philadelphia]], and [[Northwest Philadelphia]]. The city's geographic boundaries have been largely unchanged since these neighborhoods were consolidated in 1854. However, each of these large areas contains numerous neighborhoods, some of whose boundaries derive from the boroughs, townships, and other communities that constituted [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania County]] before their inclusion within the city.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |page=58}}</ref>

The [[City Planning Commission (Philadelphia)|City Planning Commission]], tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phila2035.org/home-page/about/ |title=About Philadelphia2035 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503011928/http://phila2035.org/home-page/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/Pages/Phila2035.aspx |title=Philadelphia 2035: The Comprehensive Plan |publisher=Philadelphia City Planning Commission |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=March 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331055720/http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/Pages/Phila2035.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007 to 2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors [[John F. Street]] and [[Michael Nutter]]. The zoning changes were intended to rectify incorrect zoning maps to facilitate future community development, as the city forecasts an additional 100,000 residents and 40,000 jobs will be added by 2035.

The [[Philadelphia Housing Authority]] (PHA) is the largest landlord in Pennsylvania. Established in 1937, the PHA is the nation's fourth-largest housing authority, serving about 81,000 people with affordable housing, while employing 1,400 on a budget of $371&nbsp;million.<ref name="PHA">{{cite web |url=http://www.pha.phila.gov/pha-news/pha-fast-facts.aspx |title=Philadelphia Housing Authority |publisher=Pha.phila.gov |access-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106183506/http://pha.phila.gov/pha-news/pha-fast-facts.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Philadelphia Parking Authority]] is responsible for ensuring adequate parking for city residents, businesses, and visitors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philapark.org/about-ppa/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126033326/http://philapark.org/about-ppa/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |title=Philadelphia Parking Authority: History |publisher=Philapark.org |access-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref>
<!-- Add content sourced from http://phila2035.org/pdfs/final2035vision.pdf-->

====Architecture====
{{Main|Architecture of Philadelphia|List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia}}
[[File:CITY HALL PHILADELPHIA.jpg|thumb|[[Philadelphia City Hall]] at night in December 2012]]
[[File:OneLiberyPlacePhiladelphia cropped.jpg|thumb|Two of [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City Philadelphia's]] most prominent high-rise buildings, [[Liberty Place#One Liberty Place|One Liberty Place]], built between 1985 and 1987 (in background), and [[Philadelphia City Hall]], built between 1871 and 1901 (in foreground)]]
Philadelphia's architectural history dates back to [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial]] times and includes a wide range of styles. The earliest structures were constructed with [[Log house|logs]], but brick structures were common by 1700. During the 18th century, the [[cityscape]] was dominated by [[Georgian architecture]], including [[Independence Hall]] and [[Christ Church, Philadelphia|Christ Church]].

In the first decades of the 19th century, [[Federal architecture|Federal]] and [[Greek Revival architecture]] were the dominant styles produced by Philadelphia architects such as [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe|Benjamin Latrobe]], [[William Strickland (architect)|William Strickland]], [[John Haviland]], [[John Notman]], [[Thomas Ustick Walter|Thomas Walter]], and [[Samuel Sloan (architect)|Samuel Sloan]].<ref name=Philadelphia-Page251>{{Cite book |title=Philadelphia: A 300-Year History |pages=11, 41, 174–175, 251–253}}</ref> [[Frank Furness]] is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century. His contemporaries included [[John McArthur Jr.]], [[Addison Hutton]], [[Wilson Eyre]], the [[Wilson Brothers & Company|Wilson Brothers]], and [[Horace Trumbauer]]. In 1871, construction began on the [[Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada|Second Empire]]-style [[Philadelphia City Hall]]. The [[Philadelphia Historical Commission]] was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the [[Philadelphia Register of Historic Places]], adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit.<ref name="PNC">{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/historical/ |title=Philadelphia Historical Commission |publisher=Phila.gov |access-date=April 11, 2009 |archive-date=March 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303191207/http://www.phila.gov/historical/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1932, Philadelphia became home to the first modern [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]] skyscraper in the United States, the [[Loews Philadelphia Hotel|PSFS Building]], designed by [[George Howe (architect)|George Howe]] and [[William Lescaze]]. The {{convert|548|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when [[Liberty Place#One Liberty Place|One Liberty Place]] was completed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Center City beginning in the late 1980s. In 2007, the [[Comcast Center]] surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest building. The [[Comcast Technology Center]] was completed in 2018, reaching a height of {{convert|1121|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, as the [[List of tallest buildings in the United States|tallest building in the United States]] outside of [[Manhattan]] and Chicago.<ref name=Comcast2>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/|title=Philadelphia's Newest Skyscraper: The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center|publisher=Visit Philadelphia|access-date=April 3, 2015|archive-date=March 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317221032/http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/|url-status=live}}</ref>

For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the [[Terraced house|row house]]. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows".<ref name=Philadelphia-Page251/> A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Federal-style continuous blocks in [[Old City, Philadelphia|Old City]] and [[Society Hill]] to Victorian-style homes in [[North Philadelphia]] to twin row houses in [[West Philadelphia]]. While newer homes have been built recently, much of the housing dates to the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, which has created problems such as [[urban decay]] and vacant lots. Some neighborhoods, including [[Northern Liberties, Philadelphia|Northern Liberties]] and Society Hill, have been rehabilitated through [[gentrification]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aitken |first=Joanne |title=Breaking Ground |journal=Philadelphia City Paper |date=June 3–19, 2004 |url=http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-06-03/cityspace.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113222258/http://citypaper.net/articles/2004-06-03/cityspace.shtml |archive-date=January 13, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Mark Alan Hughes |title=Dirt Into Dollars; Converting Vacant Land Into Valuable Development |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/06/summer-metropolitanpolicy-hughes |date=June 1, 2000 |access-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225175538/http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/06/summer-metropolitanpolicy-hughes |url-status=live }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Elfreth's Alley, Philadelphia, 2008.jpg|[[Elfreth's Alley]], first developed in 1703, is the nation's oldest residential street.<ref name="marker">Historical marker on Elfreth's Alley</ref>
File:Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, USA, May 2015.jpg|[[Carpenters' Hall]], built between 1770 and 1774 in [[Georgian architecture]] style
File:Second Bank of the United States with Robert Morris, Jr. statue, Philadelphia.jpg|The [[Second Bank of the United States]], built between 1818 and 1824, exhibiting [[Greek Revival architecture]]
File:City hall Philadelphia.jpg|[[Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada|Second Empire]]-style [[Philadelphia City Hall]], built between 1871 and 1901, on South [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]]
File:Thirty St Station.jpg|The [[Art Deco]]-style [[concourse|grand concourse]] at [[30th Street Station]], one of the nation's busiest passenger train stations, built between 1927 and 1933
</gallery>

====Parks====
{{See also|Drinking fountains in Philadelphia|Fairmount Park|List of parks in Philadelphia|}}
[[File:Detroit Photographic Company (0757).jpg|thumb|Philadelphia's [[Fairmount Park]] on the [[Schuylkill River]], the city's largest and one of the world's largest public parks]]
{{As of|2014}}, the city's total park space, including municipal, state, and federal parks in the city, amounts to {{convert|11211|acre|sqmi|1}}.<ref name=tplrank/> Philadelphia's largest park is [[Fairmount Park]], which includes the [[Philadelphia Zoo]] and encompasses {{convert|2052|acre|sqmi|1}} of the total parkland. Fairmount Park's adjacent [[Wissahickon Valley Park]] contains {{convert|2042|acre|sqmi|1}}.<ref name=parkacres>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20027240.pdf |title=The City of Philadelphia, Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan |website=dcnr.state.pa.us |publisher=The City of Philadelphia |year=2012 |page=2 |quote=The City contains approximately 6,781 acres of watershed parks including East/West Fairmount Parks (2052 ac.), Wissahickon Valley Park (2042 ac.) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219001451/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20027240.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref> Fairmount Park, when combined with Wissahickon Valley Park, is one of the largest contiguous [[urban park]] areas in the U.S.<ref name=tplrank/> The two parks, along with the [[Colonial Revival architecture|Colonial Revival]], [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and [[Federal architecture|Federal]]-style [[List of houses in Fairmount Park|mansions]] in them, have been listed as one entity on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] since 1972.<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web|url=http://focus.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72001151 |title=National Register of Historic Places – Fairmount Park – #72001151 |date=February 7, 1972 |website=focus.nps.gov |publisher=National Park Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230223434/https://focus.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72001151 |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2017 |quote=Locations: Philadelphia; Both banks of Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek, from Spring Garden St. to Northwestern Ave.}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{climate chart
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|26.0|41.3|3.13
|27.5|44.3|2.75
|34.3|52.8|3.96
|44.3|64.7|3.47
|54.2|74.4|3.34
|63.9|83.2|4.04
|69.6|87.8|4.38
|67.9|85.8|4.29
|60.9|78.9|4.40
|49.2|67.2|3.47
|38.8|55.9|2.91
|31.2|46.0|3.97
|float=right
|clear=both
|units=imperial
}}
Within the [[Köppen climate classification]], Philadelphia falls under the northern periphery of the [[humid subtropical climate]] zone (Köppen ''Cfa'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=80427&cityname=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |title=Climate Summary for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |work=Weatherbase |access-date=September 17, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628232633/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=80427&cityname=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |url-status=live }}</ref> Within the [[Trewartha climate classification]], Philadelphia has a [[temperate]] [[maritime climate]] (''Do'') limited to the north by the [[continental climate]] (''Dc'').<ref>Trewartha GT, Horn LH (1980) Introduction to climate, 5th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, NY</ref> Summers are typically hot and muggy. Fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is moderately cold. The plant life [[hardiness zone#Selected U.S. cities|hardiness zones]] are 7a and 7b, reflecting an average annual extreme minimum temperature between {{convert|0|and|10|F|C}}.<ref>[http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Images/All_states_halfzones_poster_300dpi.jpg "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121115552/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/Images/All_states_halfzones_poster_300dpi.jpg |date=November 21, 2017 }}. ''usda.gov''. [[United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved December 6, 2017. Note: high resolution map, may be slow to download.</ref>

Snowfall is highly variable. Some winters have only light snow while others include major snowstorms. The normal seasonal snowfall averages {{convert|22.4|in|cm|0|abbr=on}}, with rare snowfalls in November or April, and rarely any sustained snow cover.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 1972–73, to {{convert|78.7|in|cm|0}} in the winter of 2009–10.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/>{{efn|See [[North American blizzard of 2009#Snowfall]] (December 19–20, 2009), [[February 5–6, 2010 North American blizzard#Snowfall]] (February 5–6, 2010), and [[February 9–10, 2010 North American blizzard#Impact]] (February 9–10, 2010). The February 2010 storms contributed to a single month record accumulation of {{convert|51.5|in|cm|0|abbr=on}}. If no snow fell outside of February that season, 2009–10 would still rank as 5th-snowiest. See the Franklin Institute for a visual representation of seasonal snowfall.}} The city's [[North American blizzard of 1996#Philadelphia and Pennsylvania|heaviest single-storm snowfall]] was {{convert|30.7|in|cm|0|abbr=on}}, which occurred in January 1996.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/one-wild-storm-a-look-back-at-the-blizzard-of-96/2013/01/07/89a1242c-5875-11e2-9fa9-5fbdc9530eb9_blog.html|title=One wild storm: A look back at the 'Blizzard of '96'|last=Lipman|first=Don|date=January 7, 2013|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|access-date=December 19, 2017|archive-date=December 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219085852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/one-wild-storm-a-look-back-at-the-blizzard-of-96/2013/01/07/89a1242c-5875-11e2-9fa9-5fbdc9530eb9_blog.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to eleven wet days per month,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html |title=Average Days of Precipitation, .01 Inches or more |access-date=July 28, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620130836/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 }}</ref> at an average annual rate of {{convert|44.1|in|mm|sigfig=3}}, but historically ranging from {{convert|29.31|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1922 to {{convert|64.33|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 2011.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when {{convert|8.02|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} fell at [[Philadelphia International Airport]].<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> Philadelphia has a moderately sunny climate with an average of 2,498 [[Sunshine duration|hours of sunshine]] annually. The percentage of sunshine ranges from 47% in December to 61% in June, July, and August.<ref name=noaasun-Phily1961/>

The January daily average temperature<!--NOT monthly normal high!--> is {{convert|33.7|°F|1}}. The temperature frequently rises to {{convert|50|°F}} during thaws. July averages {{convert|78.7|°F|1}}. Heat waves accompanied by high humidity and [[heat index|heat indices]] are frequent, with highs reaching or exceeding {{convert|90|°F|0}} on 30 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 to April 2,<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry, with February having the lowest average precipitation at {{convert|2.75|in|0}}. The dewpoint in the summer averages between {{convert|59.1|and|64.5|°F|0}}.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/>

The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|106|°F|0}} on August 7, 1918. Temperatures at or above {{convert|100|°F|0}} are not common, with the last occurrence of such a temperature being July 21, 2019.<ref name="philadelphia1"/> The lowest officially recorded temperature was {{convert|-11|°F|0}} on February 9, 1934.<ref name="philadelphia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.stormfax.com/phlminmax2.html |title=Philadelphia Record Highs and Lows |access-date=April 3, 2007 |archive-date=March 22, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322192111/http://www.stormfax.com/phlminmax2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Temperatures at or below {{convert|0|°F|0}} are rare, with the last such occurrence being [[1994 North American cold wave|January 19, 1994]].<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> The record low maximum is {{convert|5|°F|0}} on February 10, 1899, and December 30, 1880. The record high minimum is {{convert|83|°F|0}} on July 23, 2011, and July 24, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |title=Threaded Station Extremes |access-date=May 10, 2020 |quote=Station=PA – Philadelphia (Center City records are {{convert|12|°F|0}} on January 8, 2014, and January 19, 1997, for the record low maximum; and {{convert|87|°F|0}} on July 6, 1999, for the record high minimum) |archive-date=March 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305195121/http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Philadelphia weatherbox}}

=== Time Series ===
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Philadelphia.tab
| title=Philadelphia monthly weather statistics
}}

====Air quality====
Philadelphia County received an [[ozone]] grade of F and a 24-hour [[Particulates|particle pollution]] rating of D in the [[American Lung Association]]'s 2017 State of the Air report, which analyzed data from 2013 to 2015.<ref name=ala>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/key-findings/methodology-and-acknowledgements.html |title=State of the Air 2017 – Methodology and Acknowledgements |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208052851/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/key-findings/methodology-and-acknowledgements.html |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=ala2>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/states/pennsylvania/philadelphia.html |title=Philadelphia County – State of the Air 2017 |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207070041/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/states/pennsylvania/philadelphia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The city was ranked 22nd for ozone, 20th for short-term particle pollution, and 11th for year-round particle pollution.<ref name=ala3>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html |title=Most Polluted Cities |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728191912/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the same report, the city experienced a significant reduction in high ozone days since 2001—from nearly 50 days per year to fewer than 10—along with fewer days of high particle pollution since 2000—from about 19 days per year to about 3—and an approximate 30% reduction in annual levels of particle pollution since 2000.<ref name=ala2/>

Five of the ten largest [[Combined statistical area#List of combined statistical areas|combined statistical areas]] (CSAs) were ranked higher for ozone: [[Los Angeles]] (1st), [[New York City]] (9th), [[Houston]] (12th), [[Dallas]] (13th), and [[San Jose, California]] (18th). Many smaller CSAs were also ranked higher for ozone, including [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] (8th), [[Las Vegas]] (10th), [[Denver]] (11th), [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]] (16th), and [[Salt Lake City]] (20th). Only two of those same ten CSAs, San Jose and Los Angeles, were ranked higher than Philadelphia for both year-round and short-term particle pollution.<ref name=ala3/>

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Philadelphia}}
{{See also|Chinese in Philadelphia|History of Irish Americans in Philadelphia|History of Italian Americans in Philadelphia|Koreans in Philadelphia|Little Saigon, Philadelphia|History of Jews in Philadelphia|LGBT culture in Philadelphia|Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia}}
{{Historical populations
|type= USA
|1683|600
|1731|12000
|1790|28522
|1800|41220
|1810|53722
|1820|63802
|1830|80462
|1840|93665
|1850|121376
|1860|565529
|1870|674022
|1880|847170
|1890|1046964
|1900|1293697
|1910|1549008
|1920|1823779
|1930|1950961
|1940|1931334
|1950|2071605
|1960|2002512
|1970|1948609
|1980|1688210
|1990|1585577
|2000|1517550
|2010|1526006
|2020|1603797
|2023|1550542
|source=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus10">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016|archive-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610232059/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus20">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016|archive-date=August 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829184404/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts"/>
}}

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. Census]], there were 1,603,797 people residing in Philadelphia, representing a 1.2% increase from the 2019 census estimate.<ref name="Pop Estimate"/> The racial composition of the city was 39.3% Black alone (42.0% Black alone or in combination), 36.3% White alone (41.9% White alone or in combination), 8.7% Asian alone, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 8.7% some other race, and 6.9% multiracial. 14.9% of residents were Hispanic or Latino.<ref name="2022 Bureau"/>

34.8% had a bachelor's degree or higher. 23.9% spoke a language other than English at home, the most common of which was Spanish (10.8%). 15.0% of the populations foreign born, roughly half of whom are naturalized U.S. citizens. 3.7% of the population are veterans. The median household income was $52,889 and 22.8% of the population lived in poverty. 49.5% of the population drove alone to work, while 23.2% used public transit, 8.2% carpooled, 7.9% walked, and 7.0% worked from home. The average commute is 31 minutes.<ref name="2022 Bureau">{{cite web | last=Bureau | first=U.S. Census | title=Explore Census Data | website=Explore Census Data | url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile/Philadelphia_city,_Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania?g=0600000US4210160000 | access-date=October 15, 2022 | archive-date=October 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015200325/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile/Philadelphia_city,_Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania?g=0600000US4210160000 | url-status=live }}</ref>

After the [[1950 United States census|1950 census]], when a record high of 2,071,605 was recorded, the city's population began a long decline. The population dropped to a low of 1,488,710 residents in 2006 before beginning to rise again. Between 2006 and 2017, Philadelphia added 92,153 residents. In 2017, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the racial composition of the city was 41.3% Black (non-Hispanic), 34.9% White (non-Hispanic), 14.1% Hispanic or Latino, 7.1% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 2.8% multiracial.<ref name="2017 Pop Estimate">{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US4260000 |title=2011–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213095851/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US4260000 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Census racial composition !! 2020<ref name="2022 Bureau" />!! 2010<ref name="Gen Pop/Housing">{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190521214830/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 2010 Demographic Profile Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census |access-date=August 12, 2011 }}</ref>!! 2000 !! 1990<ref name="census1990">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/PAtab.xls|title=Pennsylvania – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-date=February 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202175335/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/PAtab.xls|url-status=live}}</ref>!! 1980<ref name="census1990"/> !! 1970<ref name="census1990"/>
|-
| [[African Americans|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)|| 38.3% || 42.2% || 42.6% || 39.3% || 37.5% || 33.3%{{efn|name=fifteen}}
|-
| [[White Americans|White]] (non-Hispanic) || 34.3% || 36.9% || 42.5% || 52.1% || 57.1% || 63.8{{efn|name=fifteen|From 15% sample}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 14.9% || 12.3% || 8.5% || 5.6% || 3.8% || 2.4%{{efn|name=fifteen}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] || 8.3% || 6.3% || 4.5% || 2.7% || rowspan=2 | 1.1% || rowspan=2 | 0.3%
|-
| [[Pacific Islands Americans|Pacific Islanders]] || 0.1% || <0.1% || <0.1% || <0.1%
|-
| Native Americans || 0.4% || 0.5% || 0.3% || 0.2% || 0.1% || 0.1%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] || 6.9% || 2.8% || 2.2% || n/a<ref name="race">{{cite web|author=United States Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb.html|title=How Does the Census 2000 Question on Race Differ from the 1990 Question?|publisher=census.gov |access-date=January 31, 2011|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011127063008/http%3A//www%2Ecensus%2Egov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb%2Ehtml |archive-date= November 27, 2001 }}</ref> || n/a || n/a
|}
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Philadelphia.png|thumb|270x270px|Ethnic origins in Philadelphia|left]]

===Immigration and cultural diversity===
[[File:Italian Market Vegetable Stand 3000px.jpg|thumb|Philadelphia's famed [[Italian Market, Philadelphia|Italian Market]] in [[South Philadelphia]]]]
[[File:13th Gayborhood.jpg|thumb|A [[LGBT culture in Philadelphia|Gayborhood]] [[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|street sign]] near [[Washington Square West, Philadelphia|Washington Square]]]]
In addition to the city's economic growth, the city's population has been fueled by foreign immigration. According to [[The Pew Charitable Trusts]], the city's [[foreign born|foreign-born]] population increased by 69% between 2000 and 2016 to constitute nearly 20% of Philadelphia's workforce,<ref name=PhiladelphiaImmigrants>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|title=Leaving New York to Find the American Dream in Philadelphia|author=Matt Katz|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 20, 2018|access-date=August 6, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001508/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and it doubled between 1990 and 2017 to constitute 13.8% of the city's total population, with the top five countries of origin being China by a significant margin followed by the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Jamaica]], [[India]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=PhiladelphiaForeignBorn>{{cite news|url=https://www.philly.com/news/immigrants-philly-population-growth-foreign-born-20190510.html|title=Welcome to Philly: Percentage of foreign-born city residents has doubled since 1990|author=Jeff Gammage|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=May 10, 2019|access-date=May 10, 2019|quote=China is, far and away, the primary sending country, with 22,140 city residents who make up about 11 percent of the foreign-born population, according to a Pew Charitable Trusts analysis of Census data. Next is the Dominican Republic with 13,792, followed by Jamaica, 13,500; India, 11,382; and Vietnam, 10,132...About 230,000 Philadelphians are foreign-born. More than a quarter of residents are immigrants or have a foreign-born parent, Pew reported, and 23 percent speak a foreign language at home.|archive-date=May 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510180258/https://www.philly.com/news/immigrants-philly-population-growth-foreign-born-20190510.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable floatright"
|+
Top 10 countries of origin for foreign-born Philadelphians, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2019/04/the-state-of-immigrants-in-philadelphia-2019|title=The State of Immigrants in Philadelphia, 2019|date=April 11, 2019|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001200528/https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2019/04/the-state-of-immigrants-in-philadelphia-2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Country || Population
|-
| {{CHN}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:22140}}
|-
| {{DOM}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:13792}}
|-
| {{JAM}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:13500}}
|-
| {{IND}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:11382}}
|-
| {{VIE}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:10132}}
|-
| {{HAI}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:9186}}
|-
| {{MEX}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:7823}}
|-
| {{UKR}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:6898}}
|-
| {{ALB}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:5258}}
|-
| {{KOR}}/{{PRK}}||align=right | {{formatnum:4385}}
|}
Irish, Italian, German, Polish, English, Russian, Ukrainian, and French ancestries constitute the largest [[European emigration|European]] ethnic groups in the city.<ref name="2010 Ancestry">{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/B04006/1600000US4260000 |title=People Reporting Ancestry: 2011–2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213152124/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/B04006/1600000US4260000 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States after [[New York City]]. [[South Philadelphia]] remains one of the largest [[Italian-American|Italian]] neighborhoods in the country and is home to the [[Italian Market, Philadelphia|Italian Market]].

The [[Pennsport, Philadelphia|Pennsport]] neighborhood and [[Grays Ferry, Philadelphia|Gray's Ferry]] section of South Philadelphia, home to many [[Mummers Parade|Mummer]] clubs, are well known as [[Irish-American|Irish]] neighborhoods. The [[Kensington, Philadelphia|Kensington]], [[Port Richmond, Philadelphia|Port Richmond]], and [[Fishtown, Philadelphia|Fishtown]] neighborhoods have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is a center for the Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. [[Northeast Philadelphia]], although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is home to a Jewish and Russian population. [[Mount Airy, Philadelphia|Mount Airy]] in [[Northwest Philadelphia]] also contains a Jewish community. Nearby [[Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia|Chestnut Hill]] is historically known as an [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|Anglo-Saxon Protestant]] community.

Philadelphia's [[African Americans|Black American]] population is the fourth-largest in the country after [[New York City]], [[Chicago]], and [[Houston]]. [[West Philadelphia]] and [[North Philadelphia]] are largely African-American neighborhoods, but many are leaving those areas in favor of the Northeast and Southwest sections of Philadelphia. A higher proportion of [[African-American Muslims]] reside in Philadelphia than most other major U.S. cities. West Philadelphia and [[Southwest Philadelphia]] are home to various [[West Indian Americans|Afro-Caribbean]] and [[African immigration to the United States|African immigrant]] communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philadelphia immigration|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/immigration-1930-present|publisher=Philadelphia immigration|date=August 5, 2013|access-date=March 5, 2016|archive-date=March 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310145147/http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/immigration-1930-present/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia|Puerto Rican]] population in Philadelphia is the second-largest on the U.S. mainland after New York City, and the second-fastest growing after [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voxxi.com/2014/01/03/puerto-rico-population-decline-economic/ |title=Puerto Rico's population continues to decline as the economic plague persists |date=January 3, 2014 |work=Voxxi |access-date=September 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103154048/http://voxxi.com/2014/01/03/puerto-rico-population-decline-economic/ |archive-date=January 3, 2014 |author=Laura Sanchez Ubanell }}</ref> Eastern North Philadelphia, particularly [[Fairhill, Philadelphia|Fairhill]] and surrounding areas to the north and east, has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans outside [[Puerto Rico]], with many large swaths of blocks being close to 100% Puerto Rican.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.congreso.net/census.php |title=Where is the "Latino Community" of Philadelphia? |access-date=September 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120951/http://www.congreso.net/census.php |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zip-codes.com/zip-code/19133/zip-code-19133.asp|title=ZIP Code 19133, Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania)|website=www.zip-codes.com|access-date=September 15, 2022|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915024835/https://www.zip-codes.com/zip-code/19133/zip-code-19133.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Puerto Rican and [[Dominican Americans|Dominican]] populations reside in [[North Philadelphia]] and the Northeast, and [[Mexican American|Mexican]] and Central American populations exist in South Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Latino Philadelphia at a Glance |url=http://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/latinophiladelphiaataglance.pdf |publisher=Latino Philadelphia |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131238/http://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/latinophiladelphiaataglance.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[South America]]n migrants were being transported by bus from [[Texas]] to Philadelphia beginning in 2022.<ref name=MigrantsTexasToPhiladelphia>{{cite news|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/bus-immigrants-texas-philadelphia-asylum-greg-abbott-20221229.html?outputType=amp|title=City receives 15th bus carrying immigrants from Texas to Philadelphia|author=Robert Moran|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=December 29, 2022|access-date=February 22, 2023|archive-date=February 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222230053/https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/bus-immigrants-texas-philadelphia-asylum-greg-abbott-20221229.html?outputType=amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

Philadelphia's [[Asian Americans|Asian American]] population includes those of Chinese, Indians, Vietnamese, South Koreans, Filipinos, Cambodians, and Indonesians. Over 35,000 Chinese Americans lived in the city in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_SPT/B01003/0500000US42101/popgroup~016|title=2011–2015 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables – Chinese alone, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214004430/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_SPT/B01003/0500000US42101/popgroup~016|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> including a [[Fuzhounese Americans|Fuzhounese]] population. Center City hosts a [[Chinatown, Philadelphia|Chinatown]] that is served by [[Chinatown bus lines]] with service to/from [[Chinatown, Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|title=Leaving New York to Find the American Dream in Philadelphia|author=Matt Katz|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 20, 2018|access-date=April 17, 2019|archive-date=April 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418054111/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A Korean community initially settled in the North Philadelphia neighborhood of [[Olney, Philadelphia|Olney]]; however, the primary [[Koreatown, Philadelphia|Koreatown]] has subsequently shifted further north, straddling the city's border with adjacent [[Cheltenham, Pennsylvania|Cheltenham]] in [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery County]] and [[Cherry Hill, New Jersey|Cherry Hill]] in [[South Jersey]]. South Philadelphia is home to [[Vietnamese-American]]s in [[Little Saigon, Philadelphia|Little Saigon]] and [[Cambodian-Americans]] in [[Little Cambodia#Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Cambodia Town]], as well as [[Thai-American]], [[Indonesian-American]], and [[Chinese-American]] communities.

Philadelphia's [[Gay village]] near [[Washington Square (Philadelphia)|Washington Square]] is home to a concentration of gay and lesbian-friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exploring Gay Philadelphia |url=http://www.visitphilly.com/itineraries/philadelphia/exploring-gay-philadelphia/|publisher=Visit Philadelphia|access-date=July 23, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724030414/http://www.visitphilly.com/itineraries/philadelphia/exploring-gay-philadelphia/|archive-date=July 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Philadelphia's Gayborhood|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/guide/guide-to-philadelphias-gayborhood/|publisher=CBS Local Media|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=July 23, 2015|archive-date=July 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723061349/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/guide/guide-to-philadelphias-gayborhood/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Philadelphia}}
In a 2014 study by the [[Pew Research Center]], 68% of the population of the city identified themselves as [[Christians|Christian]].<ref>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308152313/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ |date=March 8, 2021 }}, Pew Research Center</ref> Approximately 41% of Christians in the city and area professed attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered [[Protestant]], while 26% professed [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] beliefs.

The [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christian community in Philadelphia is dominated by [[Mainline Protestant|mainline Protestant denominations]] including the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]], [[United Church of Christ]], the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church in the United States]], [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] and [[American Baptist Churches USA]]. One of the most prominent mainline Protestant jurisdictions is the [[Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania]]. The [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] was established in Philadelphia. Historically, the city has strong connections to the [[Quakers]], [[Unitarian Universalism]], and the [[Ethical movement|Ethical Culture movement]], all of which continue to be represented in the city. The Quaker [[Friends General Conference]] is based in Philadelphia. Evangelical Protestants making up less than 15% of the population were also prevalent.

Evangelical Protestant bodies included the [[Anglican Church in North America]], [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod|Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod]], [[Presbyterian Church in America]], and [[National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.|National Baptist Convention of America]]. The Catholic community is primarily served by the [[Latin Church|Latin]] [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia|Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia]], the [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia]], and the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of the United States of America and Canada]], though some [[Independent Catholicism|independent Catholic churches]] exist throughout Philadelphia and its suburbs. The Latin Church-based jurisdiction is headquartered in the city, and its see is the [[Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Philadelphia)|Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul]]. The Ukrainian Catholic jurisdiction is headquartered in Philadelphia, and is seated at the [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Philadelphia)|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]].

Less than 1% of Philadelphia's Christians were [[Mormons]]. The remainder of the Christian demographic is spread among smaller Protestant denominations and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern]] and [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]] among others. The [[Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania|Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania]] ([[Orthodox Church in America]]) and [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] ([[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]]) divide the Eastern Orthodox in Philadelphia. The [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] [[St. Andrew's Cathedral, Philadelphia|St. Andrew's Cathedral]] is in the city.
The same study says that other religions collectively compose about 8% of the population, including [[Judaism]], [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Sikhism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life |date=May 12, 2015 |access-date=July 30, 2015 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107064929/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia has the fifth-largest [[Muslim]] population among U.S. cities.<ref>Overcoming the World Missions Crisis: Thinking Strategically to Reach the World, Russell Penney, page 110, 2001</ref> The remaining 24% claimed [[Irreligion|no religious affiliation]].

The Philadelphia [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|metropolitan area]]'s [[History of the Jews in Philadelphia|Jewish]] population was estimated at 206,000 in 2001, which was the sixth-largest in the U.S. at that time.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_15694.html |title=Philadelphia |encyclopedia=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201050252/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_15694.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jewish traders were operating in southeastern Pennsylvania long before [[William Penn]]. Jews in Philadelphia took a prominent part in the [[American Revolutionary War|War of Independence]]. Although the majority of the early Jewish residents were of Portuguese or Spanish descent, some among them had emigrated from Germany and [[Poland]]. About the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Jews from the latter countries, finding the services of the [[Congregation Mikveh Israel|Congregation Mickvé Israel]] unfamiliar to them, resolved to form a new congregation which would use the ritual to which they had been accustomed.

[[Afro-American religion|African diasporic religions]] are practiced in some Latino and Hispanic and Caribbean communities in North and West Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/12/30/pennsylvania.animal.remains/ |title=Group: Remains of more than 500 animals found at Philadelphia home |first=Ross |last=Levitt |date=December 30, 2009 |publisher=CNN |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923003000/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/12/30/pennsylvania.animal.remains/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://northiowatoday.com/2012/01/15/man-gets-life-sentence-in-killing-over-santeria/ |author=Joseph A. Slobodzian |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |title=Man gets life sentence in killing over Santeria |date=January 15, 2012 |via=NorthIowaToday.com |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075927/http://northiowatoday.com/2012/01/15/man-gets-life-sentence-in-killing-over-santeria/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Languages===
{{As of|2010}}, 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a [[primary language]], while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) [[Languages of Asia|other Asian languages]], 0.58% (8,217) [[Languages of Africa|African languages]], 0.56% (7,933) [[Cambodian language|Cambodian]] ([[Austroasiatic languages|Mon-Khmer]]), and Italian was spoken as a [[main language]] by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a [[mother language]] other than English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=August 10, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815140430/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=August 15, 2013 }}</ref>

===Poverty===
Philadelphia is home to many food poverty programs, of which two of the largest are [[Philabundance]] which claims to feed 90000 people per week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philabundance 2021 |url=https://indd.adobe.com/view/40769621-44c7-40d3-94b1-6136aa1f00be |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928192938/https://indd.adobe.com/view/40769621-44c7-40d3-94b1-6136aa1f00be |archive-date=2022-09-28 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=indd.adobe.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2010 |title=A growing need for food relief |url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_A_growing_need_for_food_relief.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121200334/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_A_growing_need_for_food_relief.html |archive-date=2010-11-21 |access-date=2010-12-07 |website=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pompilio |first=Natalie |date=November 16, 2010 |title=Relief agencies feel hunger pangs |url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_Relief_agencies_face_hunger_pangs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119100612/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_Relief_agencies_face_hunger_pangs.html |archive-date=2010-11-19 |access-date=2010-12-07 |website=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2010 |title=Philabundance Seeks Help From Suburbanites For Suburbanites |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/philabundance-seeks-help-from-suburbanites-for-suburbanites/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=[[KYW-TV|CBS Philadelphia]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Share Food Program]] which claims to feed 1 million people per month.<ref>{{cite news |title=How to solve "the lost mile" for hungry Philadelphians |url=https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/solve-lost-mile-hungry-philadelphians/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |work=The Philadelphia Citizen}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Philadelphia}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#9BDDFF;"|'''Top publicly traded companies<br />headquartered in Philadelphia'''
|- style="background:#ccc;"
| '''Corporation'''||'''2019'''<br />'''rank'''||'''Revenue'''<br />'''(billions)'''
|-
|[[Comcast]]||32||94.5
|-
|[[Aramark]]||198||15.8
|-
|[[FMC Corporation|FMC]]||556||4.7
|-
|[[Urban Outfitters]]||634||4.0
|-
|[[Carpenter Technology Corporation|Carpenter Technology]]||940||2.2
|-
|colspan="3"|'''Source:''' ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2019/search/?hqcity=Philadelphia | title=Fortune 500 | publisher=Fortune | access-date=October 10, 2019 | archive-date=November 11, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230302/https://fortune.com/fortune500/2019/search/?hqcity=Philadelphia | url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

Philadelphia's close geographical and transportation connections to other large metropolitan economies along the [[East Coast of the United States|Eastern Seaboard]] of the United States have been cited as offering a significant competitive advantage for business creation and [[entrepreneurship]].<ref name=PhiladelphiaCloseConnectionsEconomicCompetitiveAdvantage>{{cite web|url=https://fransmart.com/why-you-should-start-a-business-in-philadelphia/|title=Why You Should Start a Business in Philadelphia|date=November 8, 2021|publisher=Fransmart News|access-date=November 5, 2022|archive-date=November 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105190855/https://fransmart.com/why-you-should-start-a-business-in-philadelphia/|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is the center of economic activity in both [[Pennsylvania]] and the four-state [[Delaware Valley]] metropolitan region. Five [[Fortune 500]] companies are headquartered in the city. {{As of|2021}}, the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a [[gross metropolitan product]] (GMP) of US$479&nbsp;billion,<ref name=PhillyMetroGMP2019>{{cite web|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) by metropolitan area|url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2019&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|publisher=U.S. [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]]|access-date=November 1, 2022|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140857/https://apps.bea.gov/itable/?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2019&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|url-status=live}}</ref> an increase from the $445&nbsp;billion calculated by the [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] for 2017,<ref name=PhillyMetroGMP2017>{{cite web|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) by metropolitan area|url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2017&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|publisher=U.S. [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]]|date=September 18, 2018|access-date=November 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201093147/https://apps.bea.gov/itable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2017&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|archive-date=December 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> representing the [[List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP|ninth-largest U.S. metropolitan economy]].

Philadelphia's economic sectors include [[financial services]], health care, [[biotechnology]], [[information technology]], trade and transportation, manufacturing, [[Oil refinery|oil refining]], [[food processing]], and tourism. Metropolitan Philadelphia is one of the top five American [[venture capital]] hubs, credited to its proximity to New York City's [[Financial District, Manhattan|financial]] and [[List of tech companies in the New York metropolitan area|tech and biotechnology ecosystems]].<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub/> Financial activities account for the largest economic sector of the metropolitan area, which is one of the largest [[health education]] and research centers in the United States. The city's two largest employers are the federal and city governments. Philadelphia's largest private employer is the [[University of Pennsylvania]], followed by the [[Children's Hospital of Philadelphia]].<ref name = "State of the City 2015"/>

===Finance and corporations===
{{main|List of companies based in the Philadelphia area}}
[[File:2022 Old Philadelphia Stock Exchange Building, 1411 Walnut Street.jpg|thumb|The [[Philadelphia Stock Exchange]] building, the nation's first [[stock exchange]], at 1411 [[Walnut Street (Philadelphia)|Walnut Street]]]]
The [[Philadelphia Stock Exchange]], acquired by [[Nasdaq]] in 2007, is a global leader in [[option (finance)|options]] trading.<ref name= PhiladelphiaSemiconductorIndex/> The city is home to the headquarters of [[Comcast]], the nation's largest [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] telecommunications corporation; insurance conglomerates [[Cigna]], [[Colonial Penn]], and [[Independence Blue Cross]]; as well as food services company [[Aramark]], chemical makers [[FMC Corporation]] and [[Rohm and Haas]], pharmaceutical companies [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Amicus Therapeutics]], [[Spark Therapeutics]], [[apparel]] retailers [[Five Below]] and [[Urban Outfitters]] and its subsidiary [[Anthropologie]], automotive parts retailer [[Pep Boys]], and stainless steel producer [[Carpenter Technology Corporation]].

Other corporation headquarters in the city include [[RiteAid]], [[Crown Holdings]], and [[Brandywine Realty Trust]]. The headquarters of [[Boeing Rotorcraft Systems]] and its main [[rotorcraft]] factory are in the Philadelphia suburb of [[Ridley Park, Pennsylvania|Ridley Park]]; [[The Vanguard Group]], and the U.S. headquarters of [[Siemens Healthineers]] are headquartered in [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]], a Philadelphia suburb. [[Healthcare]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[AmerisourceBergen]] is located in suburban [[Conshohocken, Pennsylvania]]. Across the [[Delaware River]] in adjacent [[Camden County, New Jersey]], [[Campbell Soup Company]] and [[Subaru|Subaru USA]] are both headquartered in the city of [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]], and [[TD Bank (USA)]] is headquartered in [[inner suburb|nearby]] suburban [[Cherry Hill, New Jersey]].

===Tech and biotech===
[[File:Comcast Technology Center 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Comcast Technology Center]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]]]]
Philadelphia is a hub for [[information technology]] and [[biotechnology]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Eramian|first=Daniel|date=November 2, 2020|title=Is Philadelphia's biotech cluster faltering? Experts say no|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/02/philadelphia-biotech-funding/|access-date=October 24, 2021|website=STAT|language=en-US|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024161332/https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/02/philadelphia-biotech-funding/|url-status=live}}</ref> Philadelphia and Pennsylvania are attracting new [[life sciences]] ventures.<ref name="PhiladelphiaTechBiotechVentureCapital">[https://nvca.org/research/venture-monitor/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610221717/https://nvca.org/research/venture-monitor/|date=June 10, 2019}} Accessed April 18, 2019.</ref> As of 2024, the [[Delaware Valley]] ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. [[venture capital]] hubs, enabled by its proximity to both the [[Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area|entrepreneurial]] and [[Wall Street|financial ecosystems]] of [[New York City]] and to the [[U.S. government|federal regulatory environment]] of Washington, D.C.<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub/><ref name=PhiladelphiaTechBiotechVentureCapital/>

===Tourism===
{{See also|List of tourist attractions in Philadelphia}}
Philadelphia's history attracts many tourists, with the [[Independence National Historical Park]], which includes the [[Liberty Bell]], [[Independence Hall]], and other historic sites, received over 5&nbsp;million visitors in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/inde/parkmgmt/statistics.htm|title=Park Statistics|access-date=February 10, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211111955/http://www.nps.gov/inde/parkmgmt/statistics.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The city welcomed 42&nbsp;million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent $6.8&nbsp;billion, generating an estimated $11&nbsp;billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania.<ref name="Visit Philadelphia"/> The annual [[World Naked Bike Ride|Naked Bike Ride]] attracts participants from around the United States and internationally to Philadelphia.

===Trade and transportation===
{{main|Transportation in Philadelphia}}
[[Philadelphia International Airport]], a major [[Transatlantic flight|Transatlantic]] gateway and transcontinental hub, has undergone a $900&nbsp;million [[infrastructure|infrastructural]] expansion to increase passenger capacity and augment passenger experience, and the airport continues an ongoing capital expenditure program to upgrade facilities and add further amenities.<ref name=PhiladelphiaAirportExpansion1>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/business/philly-airport-gets-16-5-million-federal-grant-for-runway-improvements-20170822.html|title=Philly airport gets $16.5 million federal grant for runway improvements|author=Linda Loyd|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=August 22, 2017|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141404/http://www.philly.com/philly/business/philly-airport-gets-16-5-million-federal-grant-for-runway-improvements-20170822.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=PhiladelphiaAirportExpansion2>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/business/airlines-at-phl-agree-to-900-million-in-infrastructure-20170522.html|title=Airlines at PHL agree to $900 million in improvements|author=Linda Loyd|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=May 22, 2017|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-date=June 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609190959/http://www.philly.com/philly/business/airlines-at-phl-agree-to-900-million-in-infrastructure-20170522.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Port of Philadelphia]], having experienced the highest percentage growth by [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|tonnage]] loaded in 2017 among major U.S. seaports, has doubled its shipping [[tonnage|capacity]] to accommodate super-sized [[post-Panamax]] shipping vessels since 2018.<ref name=PhiladelphiaSeaportExpansion1>{{cite web|url=https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/port-philadelphia/after-strongest-us-growth-philadelphia-port-double-capacity_20180405.html|title=After strongest US growth, Philadelphia port to double capacity|author=Hugh R. Morley|publisher=JOC|date=April 5, 2018|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142253/https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/port-philadelphia/after-strongest-us-growth-philadelphia-port-double-capacity_20180405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Philadelphia's [[30th Street Station]] is the third-busiest [[Amtrak]] rail hub, following [[Pennsylvania Station (New York)|Penn Station]] in [[Manhattan]] and [[Washington Union Station|Union Station]] in Washington, D.C., transporting over 4&nbsp;million [[inter-city rail]] passengers annually.<ref name=PhiladelphiaAmtrak>{{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/nationalfactsheets/Amtrak-Corporate-Profile-FY2018-0319.pdf |title=FY 2018 Company Profile |website=www.amtrak.com |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403083153/https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/nationalfactsheets/Amtrak-Corporate-Profile-FY2018-0319.pdf |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Philadelphia}}
{{See also|Free Library of Philadelphia}}

===Primary and secondary education===
{{see also|School District of Philadelphia}}
[[File:Penn Charter.jpg|thumb|[[William Penn Charter School]], established in 1689, the nation's oldest [[Quakers|Quaker]] school]]
Education in Philadelphia is provided by many private and public institutions. The [[School District of Philadelphia]] is the local school district, operating [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]], in all of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101.pdf|title=2020 census - school district reference map: Philadelphia County, PA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archive-date=July 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722220327/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101.pdf|url-status=live}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101_SD2MS.txt Text list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722220329/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101_SD2MS.txt |date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> The Philadelphia School District is the eighth-largest [[school district]] in the nation<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/ | title=About Us – The School District of Philadelphia | publisher=Philadelphia School District | access-date=April 27, 2015 | archive-date=May 8, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508103158/http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/ | url-status=live }}</ref> with 142,266 students in 218 traditional public schools and 86 [[charter schools]] {{As of|2014|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/#schools | title=About Us – Schools – The School District of Philadelphia | access-date=April 27, 2015 | archive-date=May 8, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508103158/http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/#schools | url-status=live }}</ref>

The city's K-12 enrollment in district–run schools dropped from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. During the same time period, the enrollment in charter schools increased from 33,995 students in 2010 to 62,358 students in 2015.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> This consistent drop in enrollment led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/education/philadelphia-officials-vote-to-close-23-schools.html | title=Philadelphia Officials Vote to Close 23 Schools | website=The New York Times | date=March 7, 2013 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Hurdle, Jon | archive-date=May 6, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506111743/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/education/philadelphia-officials-vote-to-close-23-schools.html? | url-status=live }}</ref> During the 2014 school year, the city spent an average of $12,570 per pupil, below the average among comparable urban school districts.<ref name="State of the City 2015" />

Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, steadily increased in the ten years from 2005. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the [[Pennsylvania System of School Assessment]] (PSSA) trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but subsequently decreased. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached their peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading. In 2014, the scores dropped significantly to 45.2% on math and 42.0% on reading.<ref name="State of the City 2015" />

Of the city's public high schools, including charter schools, only four performed above the national average on the [[SAT]] (1497 out of 2400<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/average-sat-score-2014-2014-10 | title=The Average SAT Score Last Year Was Just Under 1500 | website=Business Insider | date=October 7, 2014 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Jacobs, Peter | archive-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430060215/http://www.businessinsider.com/average-sat-score-2014-2014-10 | url-status=live }}</ref>) in 2014: [[Julia R. Masterman School|Masterman]], [[Central High School (Philadelphia)|Central]], [[Girard Academic Music Program]], and [[MaST Community Charter School]]. All other district-run schools were below average.<ref name="State of the City 2015" />

===Higher education===
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Philadelphia}}
[[File:Penn campus 2.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Pennsylvania]], an [[Ivy League]] university in Philadelphia founded in 1749 by [[Benjamin Franklin]] and one of the world's highest-ranked universities]]
[[File:Huntsman Hall at the University of Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|The [[Wharton School]] at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in Philadelphia, one of the world's most prestigious [[business school]]s]]
Medical and research facilities of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the [[Children's Hospital of Philadelphia]]. Philadelphia has the third-largest student concentration on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]], with more than 120,000 college and university students enrolled within the city and nearly 300,000 in the metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/08/americas-leading-college-towns/3054/ | title=America's Leading College Towns | publisher=The Atlantic: City Lab | date=August 27, 2012 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Florida, Richard | newspaper=Bloomberg.com | archive-date=May 12, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512235409/http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/08/americas-leading-college-towns/3054/ | url-status=live }}</ref> More than 80 colleges, universities, trade, and specialty schools are in the Philadelphia region. One of the founding members of the [[Association of American Universities]] is in the city, the [[University of Pennsylvania]], an [[Ivy League]] institution with claims to be the [[First university in the United States]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brownlee|first1=David B.|last2=Thomas|first2=George E.|title=Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania|date=2000|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0812235150}}</ref>

The city's largest university by student enrollment is [[Temple University]], followed by [[Drexel University]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blog/sharon-oliver/2011/10/the-phila-areas-biggest-colleges.html | title=The Phila. area's biggest colleges | publisher=Philadelphia Business Journal | date=October 21, 2011 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Oliver, Sharon | archive-date=May 30, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530021503/http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blog/sharon-oliver/2011/10/the-phila-areas-biggest-colleges.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The city's nationally ranked research universities comprise the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, Drexel University, and [[Thomas Jefferson University]]. Philadelphia is also home to five schools of medicine: [[Drexel University College of Medicine]], [[Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania]], [[Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine]], [[Temple University School of Medicine]], and Thomas Jefferson University's [[Thomas Jefferson University|Sidney Kimmel Medical College]]. Hospitals, universities, and higher education research institutions in Philadelphia's four congressional districts received more than $252&nbsp;million in [[National Institutes of Health]] grants in 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://report.nih.gov/award/index.cfm?ot=&fy=2015&state=PA&ic=&fm=&orgid=&distr=PA1,PA2,PA8,PA13&rfa=&om=n&pid=&view=statedetail# | title=NIH Awards by Location & Organization | date=April 20, 2015 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | archive-date=June 19, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619085721/http://report.nih.gov/award/index.cfm?ot=&fy=2015&state=PA&ic=&fm=&orgid=&distr=PA1,PA2,PA8,PA13&rfa=&om=n&pid=&view=statedetail | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Other institutions of higher learning within the city's borders include:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Chestnut Hill College]]
* [[Community College of Philadelphia]]
* [[Curtis Institute of Music]]
* [[Holy Family University]]
* [[La Salle University]]
* [[Moore College of Art and Design]]
* [[Peirce College]]
* [[Saint Joseph's University]]
* [[The Restaurant School at Walnut Hill College]]
{{div col end}}

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Philadelphia}}
{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia|List of sites of interest in Philadelphia|List of tourist attractions in Philadelphia}}
[[File:Kimmel Center cropped.tif|thumb|The [[Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts]] at 300 [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]], home of the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]]]]
Philadelphia is home to many [[National Historic Site (United States)|national historical sites]] that relate to the founding of the United States. [[Independence National Historical Park]] is the center of these historical landmarks and one of the country's 22 [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s. [[Independence Hall]], where the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] was signed, and the [[Liberty Bell]] is housed, are among the city's most popular attractions. Other national historic sites include the homes of [[Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site|Edgar Allan Poe]] and [[Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial|Thaddeus Kosciuszko]], and early government buildings, including the [[First Bank of the United States|First]] and the [[Second Bank of the United States]], [[Fort Mifflin]], and the [[Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church]].<ref name=NHLP>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/pa/PA.pdf |title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State – Pennsylvania (169) |access-date=October 4, 2017 |date=January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801101946/https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/pa/PA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia alone has 67 [[National Historic Landmark]]s, the third most of any city in the country.<ref name=NHLP/>

Philadelphia's major science museums include the [[Franklin Institute]], which contains the [[Benjamin Franklin National Memorial]], the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Academy of Natural Sciences]], the [[Mütter Museum]], and the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]]. History museums include the [[National Constitution Center]], the [[Museum of the American Revolution]], the [[Philadelphia History Museum]], the [[National Museum of American Jewish History]], the [[African American Museum in Philadelphia]], the [[Historical Society of Pennsylvania]], the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania in the [[Masonic Temple (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)|Masonic Temple]], and the [[Eastern State Penitentiary]]. Philadelphia is home to the United States's first [[Philadelphia Zoo|zoo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |title=Philadelphia Zoo: About |publisher=Philadelphia Zoo |access-date=April 29, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330192449/http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |archive-date=March 30, 2015 }}</ref> and [[Pennsylvania Hospital|hospital]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/about |title=About Penn Medicine: History |publisher=Penn Medicine |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315151426/https://www.pennmedicine.org/about |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as [[Fairmount Park]], one of America's oldest and largest urban parks,<ref name=tplrank/> founded in 1855.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phila.gov/ParksandRecreation/history/departmenthistory/parksystemhistory/Pages/default.aspx |title=Philadelphia Park System History |publisher=City of Philadelphia |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330223316/http://www.phila.gov/ParksandRecreation/history/departmenthistory/parksystemhistory/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=March 30, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city is home to important archival repositories, including the [[Library Company of Philadelphia]], established in 1731 by [[Benjamin Franklin]] at 1314 [[Locust Street]],<ref>[http://librarycompany.org/about-lcp/ "Library Company of Philadelphia: Overview"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181140/http://librarycompany.org/about-lcp/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''librarycompany.org''. The Library Company of Philadelphia. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> and the [[Athenaeum of Philadelphia]], founded in 1814.<ref>[http://www.philaathenaeum.org/mission.html "Athenaeum of Philadelphia: Mission and History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107194252/http://www.philaathenaeum.org/mission.html |date=January 7, 2013 }}. ''philaathenaeum.org''. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> The [[Presbyterian Historical Society]] is the country's oldest denominational historical society, organized in 1852.<ref>[https://www.history.pcusa.org/about "Presbyterian Historical Society: About"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305144226/https://www.history.pcusa.org/about |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''history.pcusa.org''. The Presbyterian Historical Society. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref>

===Arts===
{{see also|List of museums in Philadelphia|List of public art in Philadelphia|Mummers Parade}}
[[File:Philadelphia Museum of Art, main building.jpg|thumb|The [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]]]
[[File:Keys To Community crop.jpg|thumb|''Keys To Community'', a bust of [[Benjamin Franklin]] by [[James Peniston]] at 325 [[Arch Street (Philadelphia)|Arch Street]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]]]]
The city is home to multiple art museums, including the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] and the [[Rodin Museum]], which holds the largest collection of work by [[Auguste Rodin]] outside France. The city's largest art museum, the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], is one of the [[List of largest art museums|largest art museums in the world]]. The long flight of [[Rocky Steps|steps]] to the Art Museum's main entrance became famous after the film ''[[Rocky]]'' (1976).<ref name="Dallasnews">{{Cite journal|first=Jerome |last=Weeks |date=August 2006 |title=Philly goes the distance |journal=The Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/fea/travel/unitedstates/stories/DN-philly_0806tra.State.Edition1.508ad59.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820112528/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/fea/travel/unitedstates/stories/DN-philly_0806tra.State.Edition1.508ad59.html |archive-date=August 20, 2006 }}</ref>

Annual events include the [[Philadelphia Film Festival]], held annually each October, the [[6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade]], the nation's longest-running continuously held [[Thanksgiving Day]] parade, and the [[Mummers Parade]], the nation's longest continuously held folk parade, which is held every [[New Year's Day]] predominantly on [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]].

Areas such as [[South Street (Philadelphia)|South Street]] and the [[Old City (Philadelphia)|Old City]] section of the city have a vibrant night life. The [[Avenue of the Arts (Philadelphia)|Avenue of the Arts]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the [[Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts]], home of the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]], and the [[Academy of Music (Philadelphia)|Academy of Music]], home of [[Opera Philadelphia]] and the [[Pennsylvania Ballet]].<ref name="Dallasnews" /> The [[Wilma Theater (Philadelphia)|Wilma Theatre]] and the [[Philadelphia Theatre Company]] at the [[Suzanne Roberts Theatre]] produce a variety of new plays.<ref>[http://www.wilmatheater.org/history "Wilma Theater history"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026155025/https://wilmatheater.org/history/ |date=October 26, 2009 }}. ''wilmatheater.org''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://philadelphiatheatrecompany.org/about/ "Philadelphia Theatre Company at the Suzanne Roberts Theatre"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164621/http://philadelphiatheatrecompany.org/about/ |date=March 2, 2018 }}. ''philadelphiatheatrecompany.org''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> Several blocks to the east are the [[Lantern Theater Company]] at [[St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)|St. Stephens Episcopal Church]];<ref>[http://www.lanterntheater.org/ "Lantern Theater Company"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305105715/http://www.lanterntheater.org/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''lanterntheater.org''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> and the [[Walnut Street Theatre]], a [[National Historic Landmark]] stated to be the oldest and most subscribed-to [[theater (structure)|theatre]] in the [[English-speaking world]], founded in 1809.<ref name=WalnutStreetTheatreOldest>[http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=817 "Walnut Street Theatre Historical Marker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718224049/http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=817 |date=July 18, 2009 }}. ''ExplorePAhistory.com''. Retrieved May 4, 2019.</ref> In May 2019, the Walnut Street Theatre announced a major expansion to begin in 2020.<ref name=WalnutStreetTheatreExpansion2020>{{cite news|url=https://www.philly.com/arts/walnut-street-theatre-expansion-theater-in-the-round-parking-lot-20190504.html|title=Walnut Street Theatre announces a major expansion, set to start in 2020|author=John Timpane|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=May 4, 2019|access-date=May 4, 2019|quote=The Walnut Street Theatre announced Saturday evening that fund-raising is now underway for a substantial new wing of the building. Plans would expand the 210-year-old theater's footprint partway into the parking lot next door and add a 400-seat theater in the round. The three-story, 35,000-square-foot addition would break ground in May 2020 and be completed in 2022.|archive-date=May 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504234103/https://www.philly.com/arts/walnut-street-theatre-expansion-theater-in-the-round-parking-lot-20190504.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[New Freedom Theatre]], Pennsylvania's oldest African-American theatre, is located on North Broad Street.

Philadelphia has more [[public art]] than any other American city.<ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://www.visitphilly.com/music-art/public-art/
 | title=Public Art
 | publisher=Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation
 | access-date=May 31, 2010
| archive-date=July 27, 2011
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727101301/http://www.visitphilly.com/music-art/public-art/
 | url-status=live
 }}</ref> In 1872, the [[Association for Public Art]], formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association, was created as the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and [[urban planning]].<ref>{{Cite journal
 |first=Joanne
 |last=Aitken
 |date=September 2, 2004
|title=Forget Paris
 |journal=City Paper
 |url=http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-09-02/cityspace.shtml
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203103019/http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-09-02/cityspace.shtml
 |archive-date=December 3, 2007
}}</ref> In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the [[Percent for Art]] [[Law|ordinance]], the first for a U.S. city.<ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://www.publicartreview.org/pdf/wetenhall.pdf
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901030011/http://www.publicartreview.org/pdf/wetenhall.pdf
 | archive-date=September 1, 2006
| title=About A Brief History of Percent-For-Art in America
 | last= Wetenhall | first=John
 | publisher=Public Art Review
 | access-date=September 24, 2006 }}</ref> The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency.<ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://associationforpublicart.org/public-art-gateway/public-art-agencies/
 | title=Office of Art and Culture
 | access-date=December 24, 2013
| archive-date=November 3, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103181410/http://associationforpublicart.org/public-art-gateway/public-art-agencies/
 | url-status=live
 }}</ref> The city has more murals than any other American city, due to the 1984 creation of the Department of Recreation's [[Mural Arts Program]], which seeks to beautify neighborhoods and provide an outlet for [[graffiti]] artists. The program has funded more than 2,800 [[mural]]s by professional, staff and volunteer artists and educated more than 20,000 youth in underserved neighborhoods throughout Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://www.muralarts.org/about/
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208070210/http://www.muralarts.org/about/
 | archive-date=December 8, 2007
| title=Mural Arts Program About page
 | access-date=November 27, 2007 }}</ref>

The city is home to a number of art organizations, including the regional art advocacy nonprofit Philadelphia Tri-State Artists Equity,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schira |first1=Ron |title=Art review: GoggleWorks' 'Artists Equity' show proves uneven |url=http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=444811 |website=Reading Eagle |access-date=November 27, 2019 |language=en |date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226103221/http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=444811 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Philadelphia Sketch Club]], one of the country's oldest artists' clubs,<ref name="time">{{cite magazine |title=Art: Windfall |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,772330,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014064937/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,772330,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2010 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date=January 15, 1940 |access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> and [[The Plastic Club]], started by women excluded from the Sketch Club.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Hook |first=Bailey |date=January 1, 2009 |title=The Early Career of Violet Oakley, Illustrator |jstor=40605220 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=29–38}}</ref> Many [[Old City, Philadelphia|Old City]] art galleries stay open late on the [[First Friday (public event)|First Friday]] event of each month.<ref>{{cite news |title=What To Do For First Friday In Philly This January |url=http://www.uwishunu.com/2017/01/celebrate-first-friday-philly-january-6/#sm.000nnbzwxvrrcxq114e2340gzulvn |author=Jillian Wilson |newspaper=Visit Philadelphia |date=January 5, 2017 |access-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911205222/http://www.uwishunu.com/2017/01/celebrate-first-friday-philly-january-6/#sm.000nnbzwxvrrcxq114e2340gzulvn |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Philadelphia}}
[[File:Curtisinstofmusic.JPG|thumb|The [[Curtis Institute of Music]] at 1726 [[Locust Street]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]], one of the world's premier [[music school|conservatories]]]]
The [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] is generally considered one of the [[Big Five (orchestras)|top five orchestras]] in the United States. The orchestra performs at the [[Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts|Kimmel Center]]<ref>[https://www.philorch.org/kimmel-center#/ "The Kimmel Center: Home of The Philadelphia Orchestra"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123409/https://www.philorch.org/kimmel-center#/ |date=July 9, 2018 }}. ''philorch.org''. The [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] Association. Retrieved April 13, 2018.</ref> and has a [[concert#Venues|summer concert series]] at the [[Mann Center for the Performing Arts]].<ref>[https://www.philorch.org/mann-center-performing-arts#/ "Summer Home of The Philadelphia Orchestra: Mann Center for the Performing Arts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123401/https://www.philorch.org/mann-center-performing-arts#/ |date=July 9, 2018 }}. ''philorch.org''. The Philadelphia Orchestra Association. Retrieved April 13, 2018.</ref> [[Opera Philadelphia]] performs at the nation's oldest continually operating opera house—the [[Academy of Music (Philadelphia)|Academy of Music]].<ref name="Dallasnews" /> The [[Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale]] has performed its music all over the world.<ref name="aboutus">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.phillyboyschoir.org/programs-choir |publisher=Philadelphia Boys Choir |access-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218205841/http://www.phillyboyschoir.org/programs-choir |archive-date=December 18, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Philly Pops]] plays orchestral versions of popular [[jazz]], [[swing music|swing]], [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], and [[blues]] songs at the Kimmel Center and other venues within the [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|mid-Atlantic]] region.<ref name=POPS>{{cite web|title=About The Philly POPS|url=http://www.phillypops.org/about-us.php|website=phillypops.org|date=January 13, 2015|publisher=Encore Series, Inc.|access-date=March 2, 2018|archive-date=February 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206004221/http://phillypops.org/about-us.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Curtis Institute of Music]] is one of the world's premier [[music school|conservatories]] and among the most selective institutes of higher education in the nation.<ref name=PV>{{cite web|url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/curtis-institute-music-ranked-most-selective-college-us/|title=Curtis Institute of Music ranked most selective college in U.S.|author=Michael Tanenbaum|date=January 29, 2016|work=Philly Voice|access-date=January 28, 2020|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224847/https://www.phillyvoice.com/curtis-institute-music-ranked-most-selective-college-us/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Philadelphia has played a prominent role in the [[music of the United States]]. The culture of [[American popular music]] has been influenced by significant contributions of Philadelphia area musicians and producers, in both the recording and broadcasting industries. In 1952, the teen dance party program called ''Bandstand'' premiered on local television, hosted by [[Bob Horn (broadcaster)|Bob Horn]]. The show was renamed ''[[American Bandstand]]'' in 1957, when it began national syndication on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], hosted by [[Dick Clark]] and produced in Philadelphia until 1964 when it moved to Los Angeles.<ref>Rodney Buxton [http://www.museum.tv/eotv/americanband.htm "American Bandstand: U.S. Music Program"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803075751/http://www.museum.tv/eotv/americanband.htm |date=August 3, 2018 }}. ''museum.tv''. [[Museum of Broadcast Communications]]. Retrieved April 9, 2018.</ref> Promoters marketed youthful musical artists known as [[teen idol]]s to appeal to the young audience. Philadelphia-born singers such as [[Frankie Avalon]], [[James Darren]], [[Eddie Fisher]], [[Fabian Forte]], and [[Bobby Rydell]], along with [[South Philadelphia|South Philly]]-raised [[Chubby Checker]], topped the music charts, establishing a clean-cut [[rock and roll]] image.

[[Philadelphia soul|Philly soul]] music of the late 1960s–1970s is a highly produced version of [[soul music]] which led to later forms of popular music such as [[disco]] and [[urban contemporary]] [[rhythm and blues]].<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/style/philly-soul-ma0000002776 "R&B » Soul » Philly Soul"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713161932/https://www.allmusic.com/style/philly-soul-ma0000002776 |date=July 13, 2020 }}. ''allmusic.com''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> On July 13, 1985, [[John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)|John F. Kennedy Stadium]] was the American venue for the [[Live Aid]] concert.<ref name="CNN">[http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/01/liveaid.memories/index.html "Live Aid 1985: A day of magic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411235204/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/01/liveaid.memories/index.html |date=April 11, 2020 }}. CNN. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> The city also hosted the [[Live 8]] concert, which attracted about 700,000 people to the [[Benjamin Franklin Parkway]] on July 2, 2005.<ref>{{cite web
 |author=Rodney Kim
 |title=Live 8 Philadelphia Review
 |url=http://www.live8.us/philadelphia/blog.html
 |date=July 2, 2005
|access-date=April 24, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214110945/http://www.live8.us/philadelphia/blog.html
 |archive-date=December 14, 2006
}}</ref>

Notable rock and pop musicians from Philadelphia and its suburbs include [[Bill Haley & His Comets]], [[Nazz]], [[Todd Rundgren]], [[Hall & Oates]], [[the Hooters]], [[Cinderella (band)|Cinderella]], [[DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince]], [[Ween]], [[Schoolly D]], [[Pink (singer)|Pink]], [[the Roots]], [[Beanie Sigel]], [[State Property (band)|State Property]], [[Lisa Lopes|Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes]], [[Meek Mill]], [[Lil Uzi Vert]], and others.

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Cuisine of Philadelphia}}
[[File:Pats and Genos.jpg|thumb|[[Pat's King of Steaks|Pat's Steaks]] (foreground) and [[Geno's Steaks]] (background) in [[South Philadelphia]]]]
The city is known for its [[Submarine sandwich|hoagies]], [[Stromboli (food)|stromboli]], [[roast pork sandwich]], [[scrapple]], [[pretzel#Pennsylvania|soft pretzels]], [[Italian ice|water ice]], [[Irish potato candy]], [[tastykake]]s, and the [[cheesesteak]] sandwich which was developed by Italian immigrants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/hp/news_update/20070730_Ricks_Steaks_takes_Reading_Terminal_Market_dispute_to_court.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124113843/http://www.philly.com/philly/hp/news_update/20070730_Ricks_Steaks_takes_Reading_Terminal_Market_dispute_to_court.html |archive-date=January 24, 2008 |title=Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court |date=July 30, 2007 |first=Katie |last=Stuhldreher |publisher=philly.com |access-date=July 30, 2007}}</ref> The Philadelphia area has many establishments that serve cheesesteaks, including restaurants, [[tavern]]s, [[delicatessen]]s and pizza parlors.<ref>[http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/top-10-spots-for-authentic-philly-cheesesteaks/ "Top 10 Spots for Authentic Philly Cheesesteaks"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306044642/http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/top-10-spots-for-authentic-philly-cheesesteaks/ |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''visitphilly.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.foodnetwork.com/restaurants/photos/best-cheesesteak-philadelphia "The Best Cheesesteaks in Philadelphia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306022821/https://www.foodnetwork.com/restaurants/photos/best-cheesesteak-philadelphia |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''foodnetwork.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.grubhub.com/delivery/pa-philadelphia/cheesesteaks "Find Philadelphia cheesesteak shops near you and order online for free"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202852/https://www.grubhub.com/delivery/pa-philadelphia/cheesesteaks |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''grubhub.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref> The originator of the thinly-sliced steak sandwich in the 1930s, initially without cheese, is [[Pat's King of Steaks]], which faces its rival [[Geno's Steaks]], founded in 1966,<ref>[http://www.genosteaks.com/about/ "About us: Geno's Steaks"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202442/http://www.genosteaks.com/about/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''genosteaks.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> across the intersection of 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in the [[Italian Market, Philadelphia|Italian Market]] of [[South Philadelphia]].<ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/food/restaurants/Pats_King_Of_Steaks.html "Pat's King Of Steaks"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142733/http://www.philly.com/philly/food/restaurants/Pats_King_Of_Steaks.html |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''philly.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref>

[[McGillin's Olde Ale House]], opened in 1860 on Drury Street in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]], is the oldest continuously operated tavern in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcgillins.com/history/ |title=McGillin's History |publisher=McGillin's Olde Ale House |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311012717/http://mcgillins.com/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[City Tavern]] is a replica of a historic 18th-century building first opened in 1773, demolished in 1854 after a fire, and rebuilt in 1975 on the same site as part of [[Independence National Historical Park]].<ref>[https://www.citytavern.com/city-tavern-timeline/ "City Tavern Timeline"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305232441/https://www.citytavern.com/city-tavern-timeline/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''citytavern.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> The tavern offers authentic 18th-century recipes, served in seven period dining rooms, three wine cellar rooms and an outdoor garden.<ref>[https://www.citytavern.com/private-affairs/ "City Tavern: Private Affairs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181304/https://www.citytavern.com/private-affairs/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''citytavern.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref>

The [[Reading Terminal Market]] is a historic [[Marketplace|food market]] founded in 1893 in the [[Reading Terminal]] building, a designated National Historic Landmark. The enclosed market is one of the oldest and largest markets in the country, hosting over a hundred merchants offering [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] specialties, [[artisan cheese]] and meat, locally grown groceries, and specialty and ethnic foods.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://readingterminalmarket.org/about-us/ |title=Reading Terminal Market: About the market |publisher=Reading Terminal Market |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142710/https://readingterminalmarket.org/about-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Dialect===
{{Main|Philadelphia English}}
The traditional Philadelphia accent is considered by some [[linguist]]s to be the most distinctive accent in North America.<ref name="Fades Out">[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/opinion/sunday/the-sound-of-philadelphia-fades-out.html?_r=0 New York Times Sunday Review, Loose Ends] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410041829/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/opinion/sunday/the-sound-of-philadelphia-fades-out.html?_r=0 |date=April 10, 2014 }} "The Sound of Philadelphia Fades Out" Daniel Nester March 1, 2014</ref> The Philadelphia dialect, which is spread throughout the [[Delaware Valley]] and [[South Jersey]], is part of a larger [[Mid-Atlantic American English]] family, a designation that also includes the [[Baltimore dialect]]. Additionally, it shares many similarities with the [[New York accent]]. Owing to over a century of linguistic data collected by researchers at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] under sociolinguist [[William Labov]], the Philadelphia dialect has been one of the best-studied forms of [[American English]].<ref>{{cite journal| first=Matthew J.| last=Gordon| doi= 10.1177/0075424206294308| title=Interview with William Labov| journal=Journal of English Linguistics| volume=34|year=2006| pages=332–51| issue=4| s2cid=144459634| issn = 0075-4242}}</ref><ref name="Avril_2012">{{cite news |title= Penn linguist Labov wins Franklin Institute award |author= Tom Avril |url= http://www.philly.com/philly/health/20121022_Penn_linguist_Labov_wins_Franklin_Institute_award.html |newspaper= The Philadelphia Inquirer |date= October 22, 2012 |access-date= October 23, 2012 |archive-date= October 24, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045341/http://www.philly.com/philly/health/20121022_Penn_linguist_Labov_wins_Franklin_Institute_award.html |url-status= live }}</ref>{{efn|1= E.g., in the opening chapter of ''The Handbook of Language Variation and Change'' (ed. Chambers et al., Blackwell 2002), J.K. Chambers writes that "variationist sociolinguistics had its effective beginnings only in 1963, the year in which William Labov presented the first sociolinguistic research report"; the dedication page of the ''Handbook'' says that Labov's "ideas imbue every page".}} The accent is especially found within the Irish American and Italian American working-class neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rocca |first=Mo |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/philadelphia-mid-atlantic-dialect-accent-democratic-national-convention-2016/ |title=An earful and accent that's distinctly Philly |publisher=[[CBS Interactive Inc.]] |date=July 26, 2016 |access-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215114603/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/philadelphia-mid-atlantic-dialect-accent-democratic-national-convention-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia also has its own unique collection of [[neologism]]s and slang terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phillytalk.com/philly-slang|title=Philly Slang|publisher=PhillyTalk.com|access-date=February 15, 2017|archive-date=February 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215211047/http://phillytalk.com/philly-slang|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Philadelphia}}
{{See also|Philadelphia 76ers|Philadelphia Flyers|Philadelphia Eagles|Philadelphia Phillies|Philadelphia Union}}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| image1            = Citizens Bank Park 2021.jpg
| width1            = 220
| image2            = Lincoln Financial Field, Philadelphia.jpg
| width2            = 230
| footer            = [[Citizens Bank Park]], home of the [[Philadelphia Phillies|Phillies]] since 2004, and [[Lincoln Financial Field]], home of the [[Philadelphia Eagles|Eagles]] since 2003
}}

[[File:Super Bowl 402EF3AA.jpg|thumb|The [[Philadelphia Eagles]] are presented with the [[Vince Lombardi Trophy]] after winning [[Super Bowl LII]] on February 4, 2018]]
[[File:WellsFargoCenterPhila 29.JPG|thumb|[[Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia)|Wells Fargo Center]] in [[South Philadelphia]], home of the two-time [[Stanley Cup]] champion [[Philadelphia Flyers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) and three-time champion [[Philadelphia 76ers]] of the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA)]]
[[File:A358, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, Boathouse Row at night, 2009.JPG|thumb|Historic [[Boathouse Row]] at night on the [[Schuylkill River]], a symbol of the city's rich [[rowing]] history]]
Philadelphia's first professional sports team was baseball's [[Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876)|Athletics]], organized in 1860.<ref>Jordan, David M (1999). ''The Athletics of Philadelphia: Connie Mack's White Elephants, 1901–1954''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. {{ISBN|0-7864-0620-8}}</ref> The Athletics were initially an [[National Association of Base Ball Players|amateur league]] team that [[National Association of Professional Base Ball Players|turned professional]] in 1871, and then became a founding team of the current [[National League (baseball)|National League]] in 1876.<ref>[http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/P/FR_PHN.htm "Athletics (Philadelphia) (1871–1876)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628074009/http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/P/FR_PHN.htm |date=June 28, 2017 }}. ''retrosheet.org''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> The city is one of 13 U.S. cities to have teams in [[U.S. cities with teams from four major league sports|all four major league sports]]: the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] of [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB), the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL), the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL), and the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] of the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/sixers/76ers-team-history|title=76ers Team History|website=[[Philadelphia 76ers]]|access-date=May 14, 2022|archive-date=May 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514230231/https://www.nba.com/sixers/76ers-team-history|url-status=live}}</ref> The Phillies, formed in 1883 as the Quakers and renamed in 1884,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball |last=Purdy |first=Dennis |year=2006 |publisher=[[Workman Publishing Company|Workman]] |location=New York City |isbn=0-7611-3943-5 }}</ref> are the oldest team continuously playing under the same name in the same city in the history of American professional sports.<ref>{{cite web |title=History: Phillies Timeline (1800s) |publisher=Philadelphia Phillies |url=http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/timeline01.jsp |access-date=March 6, 2018 |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014020847/http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/timeline01.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Philadelphia metro area is also home to the [[Philadelphia Union]] of [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS). The Union began playing their home games in 2010 at [[PPL Corporation|PPL]] Park, a [[soccer-specific stadium]] in [[Chester, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mlsnet.com/news/mls_news.jsp?ymd=20080228&content_id=140965&vkey=pr_mls&fext=.jsp |title=MLS awards Philadelphia 2010 expansion team |date=February 28, 2008 |access-date=February 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302202651/http://web.mlsnet.com/news/mls_news.jsp?ymd=20080228&content_id=140965&vkey=pr_mls&fext=.jsp |archive-date=March 2, 2008}}</ref> The stadium's name was changed to [[Talen Energy]] Stadium in 2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Talen Energy Assumes Stadium Naming Rights|work=Philadelphia Union|url=http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2015/11/30/talen-energy-assumes-stadium-naming-rights|access-date=December 1, 2015|archive-date=December 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061627/http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2015/11/30/talen-energy-assumes-stadium-naming-rights|url-status=live}}</ref> and to [[Subaru Park]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://njbiz.com/subaru-of-america-philly-metro-area-mls-stadium-naming-rights/|title=Subaru scores naming rights to Philly metro area MLS stadium|website=njbiz.com|date=February 18, 2020|access-date=February 19, 2020|archive-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219023207/https://njbiz.com/subaru-of-america-philly-metro-area-mls-stadium-naming-rights/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Philadelphia was the second of eight American cities to have won titles in all four major leagues (MLB, NFL, NHL and NBA), and also has a title in soccer from the now-defunct [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] in the 1970s. The city's professional teams and their fans endured 25 years without a championship, from the 76ers [[1983 NBA Finals]] win<ref>[https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/1983-nba-finals-lakers-vs-76ers.html "1983 NBA Finals: Lakers vs. 76ers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021203847/https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/1983-nba-finals-lakers-vs-76ers.html |date=October 21, 2021 }}. ''basketball-reference.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> until the Phillies [[2008 World Series]] win.<ref>[https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2008_WS.shtml "2008 World Series: Philadelphia Phillies over Tampa Bay Rays (4–1)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606135647/https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2008_WS.shtml |date=June 6, 2022 }}. ''baseball-reference.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Does the Curse of Billy Penn Continue to Haunt Philadelphia?|date=June 12, 2007|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118165107120832442|first=Jim|last=Chairusmi|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-date=March 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083502/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118165107120832442|url-status=live}}</ref> The lack of championships was sometimes attributed in jest to the [[Curse of Billy Penn]] after [[Liberty Place|One Liberty Place]] became the first building to surpass the height of the [[William Penn]] statue on top of [[Philadelphia City Hall|City Hall's]] tower in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|last=Matza|first=Michael|title=Lifting the curse of William Penn|date=October 22, 2008 |work=philly.com|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/local/20081022_Lifting_the_curse_of_William_Penn.html|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203105408/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/local/20081022_Lifting_the_curse_of_William_Penn.html|archive-date=December 3, 2008}}</ref> After nine years passed without another championship, the Eagles won their first [[Super Bowl LII|Super Bowl]] following the [[2017 NFL season|2017 season]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bergman|first=Jeremy|title=Eagles QB Nick Foles wins Super Bowl LII MVP|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/eagles-quarterback-nick-foles-wins-super-bowl-lii-mvp-0ap3000000914463|publisher=National Football League|date=February 4, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205084920/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000914463/article/eagles-qb-nick-foles-wins-super-bowl-lii-mvp|archive-date=February 5, 2018}}</ref> In 2004, [[ESPN]] placed Philadelphia second on its list of The Fifteen Most Tortured Sports Cities.<ref>Sal Paolantonio. [http://www.espn.com/espn/page2/story?page=paolantonio/tortured_philadelphia "The 15 Most Tortured Sports Cities"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306011610/http://www.espn.com/espn/page2/story?page=paolantonio/tortured_philadelphia |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''espn.com''. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abc7chicago.com/archive/7489419/|title=Philly reels from loss to Blackhawks|publisher=abclocal.go.com|work=WLS|first=Ravi|last=Baichwal|date=June 10, 2010|access-date=February 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628225840/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=7489419|archive-date=June 28, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Fans of the Eagles and Phillies were singled out as the worst fans in the country by ''[[GQ]]'' magazine in 2011, which used the subtitle of "Meanest Fans in America" to summarize incidents of drunken behavior and a history of [[booing]].<ref>Adam Winer (March 17, 2011). [https://www.gq.com/gallery/worst-sports-fans-in-america "The Worst Sports Fans in America"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306082919/https://www.gq.com/gallery/worst-sports-fans-in-america |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''gq.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/dneagles/Eagles-Phillies-top-GQ-list-of-Worst-Fans-in-America.html |title=Eagles, Phillies top GQ list of 'Worst Fans in America' |date=March 17, 2011 |access-date=June 13, 2015 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141719/https://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/dneagles/Eagles-Phillies-top-GQ-list-of-Worst-Fans-in-America.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Major professional sports teams that originated in Philadelphia but later moved to other cities include the [[Golden State Warriors]] basketball team, which played in Philadelphia from 1946 to 1962<ref>{{cite web|title=Behind The Name – Warriors|url=http://www.nba.com/warriors/news/behind_the_name.html|publisher=National Basketball Association|date=May 10, 2015|access-date=May 11, 2015|archive-date=November 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003905/http://www.nba.com/warriors/news/behind_the_name.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Oakland Athletics]] baseball team, which was originally the [[History of the Philadelphia Athletics|Philadelphia Athletics]] and played in Philadelphia from 1901 to 1954.<ref>{{cite book|title=Movin' on Up: Baseball and Phialdephia Then, Now, and Always|last=Burgoyne|first=Tom|year=2004|publisher=B B& A Publishers|isbn=0-9754419-3-0|page=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yba-wMVloosC&q=Phillies+Athletics+city+series&pg=PA128|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140845/https://books.google.com/books?id=yba-wMVloosC&q=Phillies+Athletics+city+series&pg=PA128#v=snippet&q=Phillies%20Athletics%20city%20series&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

Philadelphia is home to professional, semi-professional, and elite amateur teams in [[cricket]], [[rugby league]] ([[Philadelphia Fight]]), and [[rugby union]]. Major running events in the city include the [[Penn Relays]] ([[track and field]]), the [[Philadelphia Marathon]], and the [[Broad Street Run]]. The [[Collegiate Rugby Championship]] is played every June at [[Talen Energy Stadium]] in [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester]].<ref>[https://www.usasevenscrc.com/ "Penn Mutual Collegiate Rugby Championship"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926080111/https://www.usasevenscrc.com/ |date=September 26, 2017 }}. ''usasevenscrc.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref>

Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century.<ref name=RWestcott>{{cite web|last1=Westcott|first1=Rich|title=The Early Years of Philadelphia Baseball|url=http://sabr.org/research/early-years-philadelphia-baseball|website=SABR|access-date=November 7, 2014|archive-date=November 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107093207/http://sabr.org/research/early-years-philadelphia-baseball|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Boathouse Row]] is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each [[Philadelphia Big 5|Big Five]] member has its own boathouse.<ref>{{cite web |title=Boathouse Row |publisher=A View on Cities |url=http://www.aviewoncities.com/philadelphia/boathouserow.htm |access-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626133136/http://www.aviewoncities.com/philadelphia/boathouserow.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual [[Dad Vail Regatta]], which is the largest [[College rowing (United States)|intercollegiate rowing]] event in [[North America]] with more than 100 U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities participating;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dadvail.org/?About |title=About the Dad Vail Regatta |publisher=Dad Vail Regatta Organizing Committee |access-date=January 24, 2017 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626153109/http://www.dadvail.org/?About |url-status=live }}</ref> the annual [[Stotesbury Cup|Stotesbury Cup Regatta]], which is billed as the world's oldest and largest rowing event for high school students;<ref>Staff (May. 13, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122407/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/sports/high_school/20070513_Stotesbury_expecting_record_field.html "Stotesbury expecting record field"] (archive). ''philly.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About The Stotesbury Cup Regatta |url=http://stotesburycupregatta.com/about/ |access-date=June 26, 2015 |date=January 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626162638/http://stotesburycupregatta.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Head of the Schuylkill Regatta]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Head of the Schuylkill Regatta History and Growth |publisher=Head of the Schuylkill Regatta |url=http://hosr.org/about/ |access-date=March 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090856/http://hosr.org/about/ |archive-date=March 6, 2018 }}</ref> The regattas are held on the [[Schuylkill River]] and organized by the [[Schuylkill Navy]], an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous [[Rowing at the Summer Olympics|Olympic rowers]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Boathouse Row Clubs |publisher=Schuylkill Navy & Boathouse Row |url=http://www.boathouserow.org/index.php/clubs/boathouse-row-clubs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626152303/http://www.boathouserow.org/index.php/clubs/boathouse-row-clubs |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |url-status=unfit |access-date=June 26, 2015}}</ref>

The [[Philadelphia Spinners]] were a professional [[Ultimate (sport)|ultimate]] team in [[Major League Ultimate]] (MLU) until 2016. The Spinners were one of the original eight teams of the [[American Ultimate Disc League]] (AUDL) that began in 2012. They played at [[Franklin Field]] and won the inaugural AUDL championship and the final MLU championship in 2016.<ref>Charlie Eisenhood (December 8, 2016). [https://ultiworld.com/2016/12/08/philly-talent-skirmish-highlights-waning-battle-audl-mlu/ "A Philly Talent Skirmish Highlights Waning Battle Between AUDL, MLU"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090336/https://ultiworld.com/2016/12/08/philly-talent-skirmish-highlights-waning-battle-audl-mlu/ |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''ultiworld.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> The MLU was suspended indefinitely by its investors in December 2016.<ref>Charlie Eisenhood (December 21, 2016). [https://ultiworld.com/2016/12/21/breaking-major-league-ultimate-suspends-operations/ "Major League Ultimate Suspends Operations: The league's investors pulled funding"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090313/https://ultiworld.com/2016/12/21/breaking-major-league-ultimate-suspends-operations/ |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''ultiworld.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> {{As of|2018}}, the [[Philadelphia Phoenix (AUDL)|Philadelphia Phoenix]] continue to play in the AUDL.<ref>[http://theaudl.com/phoenix/history "Philadelphia Phoenix history"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090353/http://theaudl.com/phoenix/history |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''theaudl.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref>

Philadelphia is home to the [[Philadelphia Big 5]], a group of five [[NCAA Division I]] [[college basketball]] programs. The Big 5 include [[La Salle University|La Salle]], [[University of Pennsylvania|Penn]], [[Saint Joseph's University|Saint Joseph's]], [[Temple University|Temple]], and [[Villanova University|Villanova]] universities.<ref>[http://www.philadelphiabig5.org/ "History: A Family of Philadelphia Rivals"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408172224/http://www.philadelphiabig5.org/ |date=April 8, 2018 }}. ''philadelphiabig5.org''. [[Philadelphia Big 5]]. Retrieved April 9, 2018.</ref> The sixth NCAA Division I school in Philadelphia is [[Drexel University]]. Villanova won the [[1985 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1985]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Red|first=Christian|title=30 years ago Villanova shocked Georgetown to win NCAA title|work=New York Daily News|date=March 28, 2015|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/heaven-hell-story-behind-villanova-upset-georgetown-article-1.2165574|accessdate=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205053133/https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/heaven-hell-story-behind-villanova-upset-georgetown-article-1.2165574|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2016 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|2016]],<ref>Mike DeCourcy (April 5, 2016). [http://www.sportingnews.com/ncaa-basketball/news/villanova-vs-north-carolina-unc-greatest-national-championship-game-ever/1tur69z83podb11ys3dk0z34xg "Villanova beating UNC was the greatest NCAA championship game ever, period"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306102226/http://www.sportingnews.com/ncaa-basketball/news/villanova-vs-north-carolina-unc-greatest-national-championship-game-ever/1tur69z83podb11ys3dk0z34xg |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''sportingnews.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> and [[2018 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|2018]]<ref>{{cite web |first=Zach |last=Schonbrun |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/sports/ncaa-championship-villanova-michigan.html |title=Juggernaut Villanova Crushes Michigan for N.C.A.A. Championship |work=The New York Times |date=April 2, 2018 |access-date=April 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408064309/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/sports/ncaa-championship-villanova-michigan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> championship of the [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament]]. Philadelphia will be one of the eleven US host cities for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026|title=FIFA announces hosts cities for FIFA World Cup 2026™|access-date=December 28, 2022|archive-date=December 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228153555/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | League
! scope="col" | Sport
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Capacity
! scope="col" | Founded
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Phillies]]
| align=center | [[Major League Baseball|MLB]]
| Baseball
| [[Citizens Bank Park]]
| align=center | 46,528
| align=center | 1883
| 1980, 2008
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Eagles]]
| align=center | [[National Football League|NFL]]
| American football
| [[Lincoln Financial Field]]
| align=center | 69,176
| align=center | 1933
| 1948, 1949, 1960, 2017
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia 76ers]]
| align=center | [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]
| Basketball
| [[Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia)|Wells Fargo Center]]
| align=center | 21,600
| align=center | 1963
| [[1966–67 NBA season|1966–67]], [[1982–83 NBA season|1982–83]]
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Flyers]]
| align=center | [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| Ice hockey
| [[Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia)|Wells Fargo Center]]
| align=center | 19,786
| align=center | 1967
| [[1973–74 NHL season|1973–74]], [[1974–75 NHL season|1974–75]]
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Union]]
| align=center | [[Major League Soccer|MLS]]
| Soccer
| [[Subaru Park]]
| align=center | 18,500
| align=center | 2010
| none
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Philadelphia Wings (2018–)|Philadelphia Wings]]
| align=center | [[National Lacrosse League|NLL]]
| Lacrosse
| [[Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia)|Wells Fargo Center]]
| align=center | 19,786
| align=center | 2018
|none
|}

==Law and government==
{{See also|Philadelphia City Hall}}
[[File:Independence Hall 4.jpg|thumb|[[Old City Hall (Philadelphia)|Old City Hall]] at 5th and [[Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)|Chestnut Street]], Philadelphia's town hall from 1800 to 1854]]
Philadelphia County is a [[legal nullity]]. All county functions were assumed by the city in 1952.<ref name="Charter"/> The city has been coterminous with the county since 1854.<ref name=Consolidation/>

Philadelphia's 1952 [[Home Rule]] [[Municipal charter|Charter]] was written by the City Charter Commission, which was created by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] in an act of April 1949, and a city ordinance of June 1949. The existing [[city council]] received a proposed draft in February 1951, and the electors approved it in an election held in April 1951.<ref name=PHRC>{{cite web |url=http://www.seventy.org/Files/Philadelphia_Home_Rule_Charter.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525001736/http://www.seventy.org/Files/Philadelphia_Home_Rule_Charter.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 25, 2010 |title=Philadelphia Home Rule Charter, Annotated |access-date=January 31, 2010 |author=Charter Commission |orig-year=1951 |year=1967 |publisher=City of Philadelphia }}</ref> The first elections under the new Home Rule Charter were held in November 1951, and the newly elected officials took office in January 1952.<ref name="Charter">{{cite web
 |title        = City Charter Commission
 |work         = Agency History
 |publisher    = City of Philadelphia, Department of Records
 |date         = November 8, 2000
|url          = http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A142.htm
 |access-date  = April 18, 2009
|archive-date = June 29, 2009
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090629015203/http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A142.htm
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

The city uses the [[Mayor–council government#Strong-mayor form|strong-mayor]] version of the mayor–council form of government, which is led by one mayor in whom [[executive (government)|executive authority]] is vested. The mayor has the authority to appoint and dismiss members of all boards and commissions without the approval of the city council. Elected [[at-large]], the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms, but can run for the position again after an intervening term.<ref name=PHRC/>

===Courts===
{{See also|District Attorney of Philadelphia|United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania}}
[[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]] is coterminous with the [[First Judicial District of Pennsylvania]]. The Philadelphia County [[Pennsylvania courts of common pleas|Court of Common Pleas]] is the [[trial court]] of [[general jurisdiction]] for the city, hearing [[felony]]-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $10,000. The court has [[appellate jurisdiction]] over rulings from the [[Philadelphia Municipal Court|Municipal]] and Traffic Courts, and some administrative agencies and boards. The trial division has 70 commissioned judges elected by the voters, along with about one thousand other employees.<ref>[http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/trial/ "Trial Division"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131051555/http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/trial/ |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''courts.phila.gov''. First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The court has a family division with 25 judges<ref>[http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/family/ "Family Division"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225093508/http://courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/family/ |date=February 25, 2018 }}. ''courts.phila.gov''. First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> and an orphans' court with three judges.<ref>[http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/orphans/ "Orphans' Court"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131180843/http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/orphans/ |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''courts.phila.gov''. First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref>

{{As of|2018}}, the city's [[District Attorney of Philadelphia|District Attorney]] is [[Larry Krasner]], a Democrat.<ref>Chris Brennan & Aubrey Whelan (November 7, 2017). [http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/city/larry-krasner-wins-race-for-philly-da-20171107.html "Larry Krasner wins race for Philly DA"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202022648/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/city/larry-krasner-wins-race-for-philly-da-20171107.html |date=February 2, 2018 }}. ''philly.com''. ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The last Republican to hold the office is [[Ronald D. Castille]], who left in 1991 and later served as the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 2008 to 2014.<ref>Peter Hall (January 10, 2015). [http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/pennsylvania/mc-pa-supreme-court-castille-20150110-story.html "Retiring Chief Justice Castille says he kept faith in fellow jurists"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005104/http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/pennsylvania/mc-pa-supreme-court-castille-20150110-story.html |date=February 7, 2018 }}. ''mcall.com''. ''The Morning Call''. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref>

The [[Philadelphia Municipal Court]] handles traffic cases, misdemeanor and felony criminal cases with maximum incarceration of five years, and civil cases involving $12,000 or less ($15,000 in real estate and school tax cases), and all landlord-tenant disputes. The municipal court has 27 judges elected by the voters.<ref name="Municipal Court">{{cite web |url=http://www.courts.phila.gov/municipal/ |title=MunicipalCourt |access-date=February 11, 2010 |date=February 11, 2010 |work=The Philadelphia Courts, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania |archive-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427033913/http://courts.phila.gov/municipal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pennsylvania's three [[appellate court]]s also have sittings in Philadelphia. The [[Supreme Court of Pennsylvania]], the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in [[Philadelphia City Hall]].<ref>[http://www.pacourts.us/courts/supreme-court/calendar "Courts>Supreme Court>Calendar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206092038/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/supreme-court/calendar |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The [[Superior Court of Pennsylvania]] and the [[Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania]] also sit in Philadelphia several times a year.<ref>[http://www.pacourts.us/courts/superior-court/calendar "Courts>Superior Court>Calendar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190233/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/superior-court/calendar |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.pacourts.us/courts/commonwealth-court/calendar "Courts>Commonwealth Court>Calendar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206070055/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/commonwealth-court/calendar |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> Judges for these courts are elected at large.<ref>[http://www.pacourts.us/learn/how-judges-are-elected "How Judges Are Elected"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206090751/http://www.pacourts.us/learn/how-judges-are-elected |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The state Supreme Court and Superior Court have deputy [[prothonotary]] offices in Philadelphia.<ref>[http://www.pacourts.us/courts/supreme-court/prothonotarys-addresses "Supreme Court Prothonotary's Addresses"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206094413/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/supreme-court/prothonotarys-addresses |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.pacourts.us/courts/superior-court/prothonotarys-addresses "Superior Court Prothonotary's Addresses"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190258/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/superior-court/prothonotarys-addresses |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref>

Philadelphia is home to the federal [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania]] and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]], both of which are housed in the [[James A. Byrne United States Courthouse]].<ref>[http://www.paed.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-locations/philadelphia "Court Info » Court Locations – Philadelphia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131043206/http://www.paed.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-locations/philadelphia |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''uscourts.gov''. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.ca3.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-location "About the Court » Court Location – Philadelphia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115120827/http://www.ca3.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-location |date=January 15, 2018 }}. ''uscourts.gov''. United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref>

===Politics===
{{See also|List of mayors of Philadelphia|Philadelphia City Council|Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania#Politics}}
[[File:Musical Fund Hall Philly.jpg|thumb|[[Musical Fund Hall]] at 808 [[Locust Street]] hosted the first nominating [[Republican National Convention]] in [[1856 Republican National Convention|1856]]]]
[[File:Councilmember Cherelle Parker.jpg|thumb|[[Cherelle Parker]], ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]), the 100th and current [[Mayor of Philadelphia]]]]
The current mayor is [[Cherelle Parker]] who won the election in November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Democrat Cherelle Parker elected first female mayor of Philadelphia |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/cherelle-parker-become-first-female-philadelphia-mayor-election-win-rcna122107 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101051442/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/cherelle-parker-become-first-female-philadelphia-mayor-election-win-rcna122107 |url-status=live }}</ref> Parker's predecessor, [[Jim Kenney]], served two terms from 2016 to January 2024.<ref name=Nutter>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/21538192 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |title=Michael Nutter easily wins a second term in City Hall |date=November 12, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=November 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111180025/http://www.economist.com/node/21538192 |url-status=live }}</ref> Parker is a member of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]. For over seven decades, since 1952, every [[List of mayors of Philadelphia#List of Mayors|Philadelphia mayor]] has been a Democrat.

[[Philadelphia City Council]] is the legislative branch which consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected [[at-large]], all of whom are elected to four-year terms.<ref>[http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Pennsylvania/philadelphia_pa/thephiladelphiacode?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:philadelphia_pa "The Philadelphia Code {{!}} Philadelphia Home Rule Charter {{!}} Article II Legislative Branch The Council – Its Election, Organization, Powers and Duties {{!}} Chapter 1 The Council {{!}} § 2–100. Number, Terms and Salaries of Councilmen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305040633/http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Pennsylvania/philadelphia_pa/thephiladelphiacode?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:philadelphia_pa |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''library.amlegal.com''. American Legal Publishing Corp. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref> Democrats are currently the majority and hold 14 seats including nine of the ten districts and five at-large seats. Republicans hold one seat: the [[Northeast Philadelphia|Northeast-based]] Tenth District. The [[Working Families Party]] holds two at-large seats making them the council's minority party. The current council president is [[Kenyatta Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phlcouncil.com/council-members/ |title=Council Members |website=[[Philadelphia City Council]] |date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=2024-04-13 |archive-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164446/http://phlcouncil.com/council-members/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Philadelphia's political structure consists of a system of wards and divisions. There are 66 wards with 11 to 51 divisions each for a total of 1703 divisions. Each division elects two committee people who are supposed to live within the division boundaries, and committee people select a leader for their ward.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seventy.org/political-maps-of-philadelphia/city-wards-and-divisions |title=City Wards and Divisions |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=[[Committee of Seventy]] |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510005729/https://seventy.org/political-maps-of-philadelphia/city-wards-and-divisions |url-status=live }}</ref> Democrats and Republicans elect their own committee people every four years. The committee person's role is to serve as a point of contact between voters and party officials and help get out the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seventy.org/uploads/attachments/ckyufrip62b7d5onp7as62k90-how-to-run-for-committee-person-handbook-last-updated-01-24-22.pdf |title=How to Run for Committee Person |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=[[Committee of Seventy]] |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106074745/https://seventy.org/uploads/attachments/ckyufrip62b7d5onp7as62k90-how-to-run-for-committee-person-handbook-last-updated-01-24-22.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Most wards are closed which means the ward leader makes sole endorsement decisions; open wards allow committee people to weigh in on these decisions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/open-wards-for-all/ |title=Open Wards for All |last=Geeting |first=Jon |date=August 18, 2018 |website=The Philadelphia Citizen }}</ref> There are groups such as [https://www.openwardsphilly.com Open Wards Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402232455/https://www.openwardsphilly.com/ |date=April 2, 2024 }} and individuals who are working to elect ward leaders who promote an open ward system.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW8iDQAAQBAJ |title=Green Shoots of Democracy |last=Bojar |first=Karen |date=2016 |publisher=She Writes Press |isbn=9781631521416 }}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=right|value1=75.16|value2=11.29|value3=11.04|value4=2.50|color4={{party color|Green Party (United States)}}|color3={{party color|Independent (United States)}}|color2={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|color1={{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}|caption=Chart of voter registration|label1=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|label2=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|label3=[[Independent (United States)|Independent]]|label4=[[Third party (United States)|Other Parties]]}}

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" | Philadelphia County voter registration statistics as of March 4, 2024<ref name="Voter Registration">{{cite web |author=Pennsylvania Department of State |date=December 18, 2023 |title=Voter registration statistics by county |url=https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/OtherServicesEvents/VotingElectionStatistics/Documents/currentvotestats.xls |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=dos.pa.gov |format=XLS |archive-date=April 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411021457/https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/OtherServicesEvents/VotingElectionStatistics/Documents/currentvotestats.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Political Party
! Total Voters
! Percentage
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| align="center" | 775,851
| align="center" | 75.00%
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| align="center" | 117,639
| align="center" | 11.37%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
| No Party Affiliation
| align="center" | 114,990
| align="center" | 11.11%
|-
| {{party color cell|Green Party (United States)}}
| Minor parties 
| align="center" | 25,924
| align="center" | 2.50%
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! align="center" | 1,034,404
! align="center" | 100.00%
|}

{{PresHead|place=Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|source=<ref name=elections>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=December 5, 2016|archive-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323225526/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|132,870|604,175|6,921|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|108,748|584,025|16,845|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|96,467|588,806|5,503|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|117,221|595,980|4,824|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|2004|Democratic|130,099|542,205|1,765|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|100,959|449,182|11,039|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|85,345|412,988|34,944|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|133,328|434,904|69,826|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|219,053|449,566|6,358|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|267,178|501,369|3,555|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|244,108|421,253|52,739|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|239,000|494,579|12,618|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1972|Democratic|344,096|431,736|8,138|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|254,153|525,768|70,196|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|239,733|670,645|3,094|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|291,000|622,544|1,733|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|383,414|507,289|1,618|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|396,874|557,352|4,321|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|425,962|432,699|26,636|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|346,380|496,367|2,883|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|354,878|532,149|4,459|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|329,881|539,757|23,310|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1932|Republican|331,092|260,276|15,651|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|420,320|276,573|3,703|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|347,457|54,213|45,352|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|307,826|90,151|21,235|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|194,163|90,800|5,638|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1912|Republican|91,944|66,308|93,438|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|185,263|75,310|7,568|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|227,709|48,784|5,161|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|173,657|58,179|3,053|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|176,462|63,323|5,102|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|116,685|84,470|1,947|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1888|Republican|111,358|92,786|1,300|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|101,288|71,288|2,057|Pennsylvania}}
{{PresRow|1880|Republican|97,220|76,330|294|Pennsylvania}}
|}

Philadelphia had historically been a bastion of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] from the [[American Civil War]] until the mid-1930s.<ref>Keels, Thomas H. (2016). [http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/contractor-bosses-1880s-to-1930s/ "Contractor Bosses (1880s to 1930s)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164551/http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/contractor-bosses-1880s-to-1930s/ |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''philadelphiaencyclopedia.org''. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.philly.com/philly/opinion/20160925_Long_before_2016_craziness__there_was_Philadelphia_1935.html "Long before 2016 craziness, there was Philadelphia 1935"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225056/http://www.philly.com/philly/opinion/20160925_Long_before_2016_craziness__there_was_Philadelphia_1935.html |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''philly.com''. ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. September 25, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> In [[1856 Republican National Convention|1856]], the first [[Republican National Convention]] was held at [[Musical Fund Hall]] at 808 [[Locust Street]] in Philadelphia.<ref>[https://www.republicanviews.org/the-birth-of-the-republican-party/ "The Birth Of The Republican Party"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301224836/https://www.republicanviews.org/the-birth-of-the-republican-party/ |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''republicanviews.org''. Republican Views. August 29, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref>

Democratic registrations increased after the [[Great Depression]]; however, the city was not carried by Democrat [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in his [[1932 United States presidential election|landslide victory of 1932]], as Pennsylvania was one of only six states won by Republican [[Herbert Hoover]]. Voter turnout surged from 600,000 in 1932 to nearly 900,000 in [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]] and Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote. Philadelphia has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1936. In [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]], Democrat [[Barack Obama]] drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], capturing 85% of the vote. In [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], Democrat [[Hillary Clinton]] won 82% of the vote.<ref name=elections/>

As a result of the previously declining population in the city and state,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf|title=Congressional Apportionment 2010 Census Briefs|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|author=Kristin D. Burnett|date=November 2011|access-date=March 1, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119155913/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Philadelphia has only three [[congressional district]]s of the 18 districts in Pennsylvania, based on the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] apportionment:<ref>[https://www.seventy.org/tools/political-maps-of-philadelphia/congressional-districts "Pennsylvania is currently represented by 18 individuals in the 435-member United States House of Representatives. Three districts cover parts of Philadelphia."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225119/https://www.seventy.org/tools/political-maps-of-philadelphia/congressional-districts |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''seventy.org''. Committee of Seventy. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> [[Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district|the 2nd district]], represented by [[Brendan Boyle]]; [[Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district|the 3rd]], represented by [[Dwight Evans (politician)|Dwight Evans]]; and [[Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district|the 5th]], represented by [[Mary Gay Scanlon]].<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/PA#representatives "Congress / Members of Congress / Pennsylvania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164756/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/PA#representatives |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''govtrack.us''. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> All three representatives are Democrats, though Republicans still have some support in the city, primarily in the [[Northeast Philadelphia|Northeast]].<ref>[http://phlcouncil.com/BrianONeill "Councilman Brian J. O'Neill {{!}} District 10 {{!}} Minority Leader"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164807/http://phlcouncil.com/BrianONeill |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''phlcouncil.com''. The Council of the City of Philadelphia. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref> [[Sam Katz (Philadelphia)|Sam Katz]] ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in [[Philadelphia mayoral election, 1999|1999]] and [[Philadelphia mayoral election, 2003|2003]], losing to Democrat [[John F. Street|John Street]] both times.<ref>Clines, Francis X. (November 4, 1999). [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/04/us/democrat-wins-in-a-squeaker-election-for-mayor-of-philadelphia.html "Democrat Wins in a Squeaker Election for Mayor of Philadelphia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164906/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/04/us/democrat-wins-in-a-squeaker-election-for-mayor-of-philadelphia.html |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref><ref>Clemetson, Lynette (November 5, 2003). [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/05/us/philadelphia-easily-gives-second-term-to-its-mayor.html "Philadelphia Easily Gives Second Term to Its Mayor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164914/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/05/us/philadelphia-easily-gives-second-term-to-its-mayor.html |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref>

Pennsylvania's longest-serving [[List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania|Senator]], [[Arlen Specter]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Senator Arlen Specter to Teach At Penn Law|url=http://www.law.upenn.edu/blogs/news/archives/2011/01/senator_arlen_specter_to_teach_at_penn_law.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702225529/http://www.law.upenn.edu/blogs/news/archives/2011/01/senator_arlen_specter_to_teach_at_penn_law.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 2, 2011|work=News and Stories|publisher=The University of Pennsylvania School of Law|access-date=February 24, 2012}}</ref> was an [[alumnus]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] who opened his first law practice in Philadelphia.<ref name=SpecterBio>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=s000709 "Specter, Arlen, (1930–2012)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211233147/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000709 |date=December 11, 2012 }}. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> Specter served as a Republican from 1981 and as a Democrat from 2009, losing that party's primary in [[United States Senate Democratic primary election in Pennsylvania, 2010|2010]] and leaving office in January 2011.<ref>Toeplitz, Shira (May 18, 2010). [http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0510/37464.html "The admiral sinks Arlen Specter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018044009/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0510/37464.html |date=October 18, 2012 }}. ''[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]]''. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> He was assistant counsel on the [[Warren Commission]] in 1964 and the city's district attorney from 1966 to 1974.<ref name=SpecterBio/>

Philadelphia has hosted various [[United States presidential nominating convention|national conventions]], including in [[1848 Whig National Convention|1848 (Whig)]], [[1856 Republican National Convention|1856 (Republican)]], [[1872 Republican National Convention|1872 (Republican)]], [[1900 Republican National Convention|1900 (Republican)]], [[1936 Democratic National Convention|1936 (Democratic)]], [[1940 Republican National Convention|1940 (Republican)]], [[1948 Republican National Convention|1948 (Republican)]], [[1948 Progressive National Convention|1948 (Progressive)]], [[2000 Republican National Convention|2000 (Republican)]], and [[2016 Democratic National Convention|2016 (Democratic)]].<ref name="gtmadonna">{{cite news|last1=Madonna|first1=G. Terry|title=Politically Uncorrected: Presidential nominees and Philadelphia conventions|url=http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20150213/LOCAL1/150219881|access-date=March 30, 2016|publisher=Daily Local News|date=February 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414222037/http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20150213/LOCAL1/150219881|archive-date=April 14, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Philadelphia has been home to one vice president, [[George M. Dallas]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://millercenter.org/president/polk/essays/dallas-1845-vicepresident |title=George M. Dallas (1845–1849) – Vice President |website=millercenter.org |date=October 4, 2016 |publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia |access-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225140523/https://millercenter.org/president/polk/essays/dallas-1845-vicepresident |url-status=live }}</ref> and one general of the American Civil War, [[George B. McClellan]], who won his party's nomination for president but lost in the general election to [[Abraham Lincoln]] in 1864.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1864 "Historical Election Results: Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722013143/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1864 |date=July 22, 2019 }}. ''archives.gov''. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> In May 2019, former U.S. Vice President [[Joe Biden]] chose Philadelphia to be his [[2020 U.S. presidential campaign]] headquarters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.philly.com/news/joe-biden-2020-presidential-campaign-philadelphia-headquarters-20190516.html|title=Joe Biden chooses Philadelphia for 2020 presidential campaign headquarters|author=Jonathan Tamari|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=May 16, 2019|access-date=May 17, 2019|archive-date=May 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520221215/https://www.philly.com/news/joe-biden-2020-presidential-campaign-philadelphia-headquarters-20190516.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Environmental policy ===
"Green Cities, Clean Water" is an environmental policy initiative based in Philadelphia that has shown promising results in mitigating the effects of climate change.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Shade|first1=Charlotte|last2=Kremer|first2=Peleg|last3=Rockwell|first3=Julia S.|last4=Henderson|first4=Keith G.|date=2020|title=The effects of urban development and current green infrastructure policy on future climate change resilience|url=https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss4/art37/|journal=Ecology and Society|language=en|volume=25|issue=4|pages=art37|doi=10.5751/ES-12076-250437|issn=1708-3087|doi-access=free|access-date=May 21, 2021|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509051304/https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss4/art37/|url-status=live}}</ref> The researchers on the policy have stated that despite such promising plans of [[green infrastructure]] building, "the city is forecasted to grow warmer, wetter, and more urbanized over the century, runoff and local temperatures will increase on average throughout the city".<ref name=":7" /> Even though landcover predictive models on the effects of the policy initiative have indicated that green infrastructure could be useful at decreasing the amount of runoff in the city over time, the city government would have to expand its current plans and "consider the cobenefit of [[climate change adaptation]] when planning new projects" in limiting the scope of city-wide temperature increase.<ref name=":7" />

===Public safety===
{{Further|Crime in Philadelphia|Philadelphia crime family}}

====Police and law enforcement====
{{Main|Philadelphia Police Department}}

[[File:Philadelphia Police Headquarters.jpg|thumb|The [[Philadelphia Police Department]] administration building, known as the Roundhouse, in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] east of [[Chinatown, Philadelphia|Chinatown]]]]
[[File:Philadelphia Police - cruiser on Ben Franklin Parkway.jpeg|thumb|A Philadelphia police cruiser on [[Benjamin Franklin Parkway]]]]
In a 2015 report by Pew Charitable Trusts, the [[Philadelphia Police Department#Districts|police districts]] with the highest rates of violent crime were [[Frankford, Philadelphia|Frankford]] (15th district) and [[Kensington, Philadelphia|Kensington]] (24th district) in the [[Near Northeast Philadelphia|Near Northeast]], and districts to the [[North Philadelphia|North]] (22nd, 25th, and 35th districts), [[West Philadelphia|West]] (19th district) and [[Southwest Philadelphia|Southwest]] (12th district) of [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]]. Each of those seven districts recorded more than a thousand violent crimes in 2014. The lowest rates of violent crime occurred in Center City, [[South Philadelphia]], the [[Far Northeast Philadelphia|Far Northeast]], and [[Roxborough, Philadelphia|Roxborough]] districts, the latter of which includes [[Manayunk, Philadelphia|Manayunk]].<ref name="State of the City 2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/Assets/2015/04/2015-State-of-the-City-Report_Web.pdf |title=Philadelphia 2015: The State of the City |website=pewtrusts.org |publisher=The Pew Charitable Trusts |date=March 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606054538/http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/Assets/2015/04/2015-State-of-the-City-Report_Web.pdf |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Philadelphia had 500, 503 according to some sources, murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. An average of about 400 murders occurred each year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose to 406 by 2006, before dropping slightly to 392 in 2007.<ref name="mikenutterllc.com">{{cite web |url=https://mikenutterllc.com/news/news-item/philadelphia-homicides-1960-2020 |title=Philadelphia Homicides 1960-2020 |website=mikenutterllc.com |date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202170544/https://mikenutterllc.com/news/news-item/philadelphia-homicides-1960-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bewley |first=Joel |first2=Jan |last2=Hefler |date=December 11, 2006 |title=Four killings put 2006 total over '05 top |journal=The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmtpi/is_200612/ai_n16975780 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209122227/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmtpi/is_200612/ai_n16975780 |archive-date=December 9, 2007 }}</ref> A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid decline in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, the city had 246 murders, which is a decrease of nearly 40% since 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/01/the-year-in-murder-2013-marks-a-historic-low-for-many-cities.html|title=The Year in Murder: 2013 Marks a Historic Low for Many Cities|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=January 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014|last1=Zadrozny|first1=Brandy|author-link1=Brandy Zadrozny|archive-date=February 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216133414/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/01/the-year-in-murder-2013-marks-a-historic-low-for-many-cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, 248 homicides were committed. The homicide rate rose to 280 in 2015, then fell slightly to 277 in 2016, before rising again to 317 in 2017.<ref name="phillypolice.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.phillypolice.com/crime-maps-stats/|title=Crime Maps & Stats – Philadelphia Police Department|access-date=January 24, 2017|archive-date=January 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126201348/https://www.phillypolice.com/crime-maps-stats/|url-status=live}}</ref> Homicides increased dramatically in the late 2010s/early 2020s, reaching 499 homicides in 2020<ref name="mikenutterllc.com"/> and surpassing the 1990 "record" in 2021, with 501st murder on November 27 and 510 by the end of the month.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/sense-of-lawlessness-with-500-killings-2021-is-deadliest-in-philly-history/3057586/ |title='Sense of Lawlessness': With 500 Killings, 2021 Is Deadliest in Philly History |work=NBC10 Philadelphia |first1=Brian X. |last1=McCrone |first2=Rudy |last2=Chinchilla |date=November 25, 2021 |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222160707/https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/sense-of-lawlessness-with-500-killings-2021-is-deadliest-in-philly-history/3057586/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Phillie ended the year with 562 murders, an all-time record. It dropped in 2022 to 514, and significantly further again in 2023, to 410.
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-homicides-down-20-percent-2023-da-larry-krasner/ |title=Philly homicides down 20% in 2023, DA Larry Krasner says end of COVID restrictions helped |work=WHYY |last=MacDonald |first=Tom |date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024}}</ref>
In 2006, Philadelphia's homicide rate of 27.7 per 100,000 people was the highest of the country's 10 most populous cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inquirer.philly.com/graphics/homicide_map_2007/ |title=Philadelphia Homicides in 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420104106/http://inquirer.philly.com/graphics/homicide_map_2007/ |archive-date=April 20, 2008 }}</ref> In 2012, Philadelphia had the fourth-highest homicide rate among the country's most populous cities. The rate dropped to 16 homicides per 100,000 residents by 2014 placing Philadelphia as the sixth-highest city in the country.<ref name="State of the City 2015"/>

The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly since the early years of the 21st century. Shooting incidents peaked at 1,857 in 2006 before declining nearly 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> Major crimes have decreased gradually since a peak in 2006 when 85,498 major crimes were reported. The number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent in three years to 68,815 occurrences in 2014. [[Violent crime]]s, which include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery, decreased 14 percent in three years to 15,771 occurrences in 2014.<ref name="State of the City 2015" />

In 2014, Philadelphia enacted an ordinance decriminalizing the possession of less than 30 grams of [[marijuana]] or eight grams of [[hashish]]; the ordinance gave police officers the discretion to treat possession of these amounts as a civil infraction punishable by a $25 ticket, rather than a crime.<ref name="Nuri">{{cite web|url=https://whyy.org/articles/activists-to-celebrate-4-years-of-marijuana-decriminalization-in-philadelphia/|publisher=WHYY|title=Activists to celebrate 4 years of marijuana decriminalization in Philadelphia|first=Trenae |last=Nuri|date=October 19, 2018|access-date=January 20, 2019|archive-date=January 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064229/https://whyy.org/articles/activists-to-celebrate-4-years-of-marijuana-decriminalization-in-philadelphia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Goldstein">{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/business/cannabis/3-years-after-decriminalization-philly-police-still-hooked-on-marijuana-arrests-20170602.html|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|first=Chris |last=Goldstein|title=3 years after decriminalization, Philly police still hooked on marijuana arrests|date=June 5, 2017|access-date=January 20, 2019|archive-date=January 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010908/http://www.philly.com/philly/business/cannabis/3-years-after-decriminalization-philly-police-still-hooked-on-marijuana-arrests-20170602.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, Philadelphia was at the largest city in the nation to decriminalize the possession of marijuana.<ref name="Goldstein"/> From 2013 to 2018, marijuana arrests in the city dropped by more than 85%.<ref name="Nuri"/> The purchase or sale of marijuana remains a criminal offense in Philadelphia.<ref name="Goldstein"/>

====Firefighting====
{{main|Philadelphia Fire Department}}
The Philadelphia Fire Department provides [[fire protection]] and [[emergency medical services]] (EMS). The department's official mission is to protect public safety by quick and professional response to emergencies and the promotion of sound emergency prevention measures. This mandate encompasses all traditional [[Firefighting in the United States|firefighting]] functions, including fire suppression, with 60 engine companies and 30 ladder companies<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/inventor/graphics/agencies/a074.htm|title=Fire Department|website=www.phila.gov|access-date=June 14, 2019|archive-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217152637/https://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A074.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as specialty and support units deployed throughout the city; specialized firefighting units for [[Philadelphia International Airport]] and the [[Port of Philadelphia]]; investigations conducted by the [[fire marshal]]'s office to determine the origins of fires and develop preventive strategies; [[Fire prevention|prevention]] programs to educate the public; and support services including research and planning, management of the fire communications center within the city's [[9-1-1|911]] system, and operation of the Philadelphia Fire Academy.

==Media==
{{See also|Media in Philadelphia}}

===Newspapers===
Philadelphia's two major [[Newspaper|daily newspapers]] are ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', first published in 1829—the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country—and the ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'', first published in 1925.<ref name="Pressa">{{cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Gerry |url=http://www.phillyppa.com/inquirer.html |title=The History of the Philadelphia Inquirer |publisher=Philadelphia Press Association |access-date=May 27, 2006 |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331032233/http://www.phillyppa.com/inquirer.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Daily News'' has been published as an edition of the ''Inquirer'' since 2009.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Dave |last=Davies |date=March 2, 2009 |title=Daily News to be labeled edition of Inquirer; no change to content, staff  |website=Philly.com }}</ref> Recent owners of the ''Inquirer'' and ''Daily News'' have included [[Knight Ridder]], [[The McClatchy Company]], and [[Philadelphia Media Holdings]], with the latter organization declaring bankruptcy in 2010.<ref name="Philadelphia Newspapers Sold Yet Again">{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303816504577319640194855170 | title=Philadelphia Newspapers Sold Yet Again | website=The Wall Street Journal | date=April 2, 2012 | access-date=April 30, 2015 | author=Launder, William | archive-date=April 29, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429150059/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303816504577319640194855170 | url-status=live }}</ref> After two years of financial struggle, the newspapers were sold to [[Interstate General Media]] in 2012.<ref name="Philadelphia Newspapers Sold Yet Again" /> The two newspapers had a combined daily circulation of 306,831 and a Sunday circulation of 477,313 {{as of|2013|alt=in 2013}}, the 18th-largest circulation in the country, and their collective website, Philly.com,<ref>[http://www.philly.com/ ''philly.com''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813051316/http://www.philly.com/ |date=August 13, 2011 }}. Philadelphia Media Network (Digital), LLC. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> was ranked 13th in popularity among online U.S. newspapers by [[Alexa Internet]] the same year.<ref name="circulation">{{cite web | url=http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_June_2013_FNL%281%29.pdf | title=2013 Top Media Outlets: Newspapers, Blogs, Consumer Magazines, Social Networks, Websites, and Broadcast Media | publisher=BurrellesLuce | date=June 2013 | access-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-date=January 4, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104161511/http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_June_2013_FNL%281%29.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

Smaller publications include the ''[[Philadelphia Tribune]]'' published five days each week for the [[African Americans|African-American]] community;<ref>[http://www.phillytrib.com/ ''Philadelphia Tribune''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202071702/http://www.phillytrib.com/ |date=December 2, 2018 }}. ''phillytrib.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> ''[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]'' magazine, a monthly regional magazine;<ref>[http://www.phillymag.com/ ''Philadelphia'' magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208160659/http://www.phillymag.com/ |date=February 8, 2017 }}. ''phillymag.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> ''[[Philadelphia Weekly]]'', a weekly alternative newspaper;<ref>[http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/ ''Philadelphia Weekly''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507223429/http://trouble.philadelphiaweekly.com/ |date=May 7, 2006 }}. ''philadelphiaweekly.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> ''[[Philadelphia Gay News]]'', a weekly newspaper for the [[LGBT]] community;<ref>[http://www.epgn.com/ ''Philadelphia Gay News''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227060529/http://www.epgn.com/ |date=December 27, 2017 }}. ''epgn.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> ''[[The Jewish Exponent]]'', a weekly newspaper for the Jewish community;<ref>[http://jewishexponent.com/ ''The Jewish Exponent'']. ''jewishexponent.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> ''[[Al Día (Philadelphia)|Al Día]]'', a weekly newspaper for the [[Latinos|Latino]] community;<ref>[http://aldianews.com/ ''Al Día''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919175654/http://aldianews.com/ |date=September 19, 2014 }}. ''aldianews.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> and ''[[Philadelphia Metro]]'', a free daily newspaper.<ref>[https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/philadelphia ''Philadelphia Metro'']. ''metro.us''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref>

Student-run newspapers include the [[University of Pennsylvania]]'s ''[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]]'',<ref>[http://www.thedp.com/ ''The Daily Pennsylvanian'']. ''thedp.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> [[Temple University]]'s ''[[The Temple News]]'',<ref>[http://temple-news.com/ ''The Temple News'']. ''temple-news.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> and [[Drexel University]]'s ''[[The Triangle (newspaper)|The Triangle]]''.<ref>[https://thetriangle.org/ ''The Triangle''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918152229/https://thetriangle.org/ |date=September 18, 2017 }}. ''thetriangle.org''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref>

===Radio===
The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to [[Saint Joseph's University|St. Joseph's College]]. The first [[commercial broadcasting|commercial]] [[AM broadcasting|AM]] radio stations began broadcasting in 1922: first [[WTEL (AM)|WIP]], then owned by [[Gimbels]] department store, followed by [[WFIL]], then owned by [[Strawbridge's|Strawbridge & Clothier]] department store, and [[WOO (Philadelphia)|WOO]], a defunct station owned by [[Wanamaker's]] department store, as well as [[WPHT|WCAU]] and [[WDAS (AM)|WDAS]].<ref name="Media">{{Cite journal| first=Todd | last=Bishop | date=January 7, 2000 | title=The Media: One revolution after another | journal=Philadelphia Business Journal|url=http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2000/01/10/story3.html}}</ref>

{{As of|2018}}, the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] lists 28 [[FM broadcasting|FM]] and 11 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] stations for Philadelphia.<ref>[https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/fmq?size=12&state=PA&city=PHILADELPHIA&freq=87.9&fre2=107.9&list=1&ns=N&ew=W "FM Query Results"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180115040214/https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/fmq?size=12&state=PA&city=PHILADELPHIA&freq=87.9&fre2=107.9&list=1&ns=N&ew=W archive]). [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]. Retrieved January 14, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/amq?call=&arn=&state=PA&city=Philadelphia&freq=530&fre2=1700&type=0&facid=&class=&list=1&ThisTab=Results+to+This+Page%2FTab&dist=&dlat2=&mlat2=&slat2=&NS=N&dlon2=&mlon2=&slon2=&EW=W "AM Query Results"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180115040313/https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/amq?size=12&state=PA&city=PHILADELPHIA&freq=530&fre2=1700&list=1&ns=N&ew=W archive]). [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]]. Retrieved January 14, 2018.</ref> As of December 2017, the ten highest-rated stations in Philadelphia were [[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]] [[WBEB|WBEB-FM]] (101.1), [[Sports radio|sports talk]] [[WIP-FM]] (94.1), [[classic rock]] [[WMGK|WMGK-FM]] (102.9), [[urban adult contemporary]] [[WDAS-FM]] (105.3), [[classic hits]] [[WOGL|WOGL-FM]] (98.1), [[album-oriented rock]] [[WMMR|WMMR-FM]] (93.3), [[country music]] [[WXTU|WXTU-FM]] (92.5), [[All-news radio|all-news]] [[KYW (AM)|KYW-AM]] (1060), [[talk radio]] [[WHYY-FM]] (90.9), and urban adult contemporary [[WRNB|WRNB-FM]] (100.3).<ref>[https://ratings.radio-online.com/cgi-bin/rol.exe/arb007 "#9 Philadelphia PA"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180115043734/https://ratings.radio-online.com/cgi-bin/rol.exe/arb007 archive]). ''radio-online.com''. Radio Online. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref><ref>Venta, Lance (October 6, 2016). [https://radioinsight.com/headlines/108592/wrnb-drops-old-school-100-3-branding/ "WRNB Drops Old School 100.3 Branding "]. ''radioinsight.com''. RadioBB Networks. Retrieved January 15, 2018. "...the station's playlist had shifted back towards Urban AC."</ref> Philadelphia is served by three non-commercial [[public broadcasting|public radio]] stations: WHYY-FM ([[NPR]]),<ref>[https://whyy.org/radio-podcasts/ "WHYY Radio & Podcasts"] ''whyy.org''. WHYY Inc. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</ref> [[WRTI|WRTI-FM]] (classical and jazz),<ref>[http://wrti.org/ "WRTI 90.1 Your Classical and Jazz Source"] ''wrti.org''. WRTI-FM / Temple University. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</ref> and [[WXPN|WXPN-FM]] (adult alternative music).<ref>[http://www.xpn.org/ "WXPN 88.5 FM :: Public Radio from the University of Pennsylvania"]. ''xpn.org''. WXPN-FM / The Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</ref>
{{Philly Radio}}

===Television===
In the 1930s, the experimental station [[KYW-TV|W3XE]], owned by [[Philco]], became the first television station in Philadelphia. The station became [[NBC]]'s first affiliate in 1939, and later became [[KYW-TV]] (currently a [[CBS]] affiliate). [[WCAU|WCAU-TV]], WFIL-TV, and [[WHYY-TV]] were all founded by the 1960s.<ref name="Media" /> In 1952, WFIL (renamed [[WPVI-TV|WPVI]]) premiered the television show ''Bandstand'', which later became the nationally broadcast ''[[American Bandstand]]'' hosted by [[Dick Clark]].<ref>{{Cite book | last=Ogden | first=Christopher | year=1999 | title=Legacy: A Biography of Moses and Walter Annenberg | publisher=Little, Brown and Company | location=New York | isbn=0-316-63379-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/legacybiographyo00ogde }}</ref>

Each commercial network has an affiliate in Philadelphia: [[KYW-TV]] 3 (CBS), [[WPVI-TV]] 6 (ABC), [[WCAU]] 10 (NBC), [[WPHL-TV]] 17 (The CW with MyNetworkTV on DT2), [[WFPA-CD]] 28 (UniMás), [[WTXF-TV]] 29 (Fox), [[WPSG]] 57 (Independent), [[WWSI]] 62 (Telemundo), and [[WUVP-DT]] 65 (Univision). The region is served also by [[public broadcasting]] stations [[WPPT (TV)|WPPT-TV]] (Philadelphia), [[WHYY-TV]] (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), [[WLVT-TV]] (Lehigh Valley), and [[NJTV]] (New Jersey).<ref name=TVstations>{{cite web | url=https://www.tvb.org/Public/MarketsStations/Markets/MarketProfile.aspx?@IP_IDENTITY_MCID=0000022835 | title=Market Name: Philadelphia, PA | website=tvb.org | publisher=Television Bureau of Advertising, Inc. | access-date=January 17, 2018 | archive-date=January 18, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118181221/https://www.tvb.org/Public/MarketsStations/Markets/MarketProfile.aspx?@IP_IDENTITY_MCID=0000022835 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Philadelphia has [[owned-and-operated station]]s for five major English-language broadcast networks: [[NBC]] – [[WCAU|WCAU-TV]], [[CBS]] – [[KYW-TV]], [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] – [[WPVI-TV]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] – [[WTXF-TV]] and [[The CW]] – [[WPHL-TV]]. Since September 2024, it is the largest television market where at least one of the six English networks are shown at a station not owned by a particular network's associated parent company. The major Spanish-language networks are [[Univision]] – [[WUVP-DT]], [[UniMás]] – [[WFPA-CD]], and [[Telemundo]] – [[WWSI|WWSI-TV]].<ref name=TVstations/>

{{As of|2018}}, the city is the nation's fourth-largest consumer in [[media market]], as ranked by the [[Nielsen Media Research]] firm, with nearly 2.9&nbsp;million TV households.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tvb.org/Portals/0/media/file/DMA/2017_2018_DMA_Ranks.pdf | title=Nielsen 2017–18 TV Household DMA Ranks: Local Television Market Universe Estimates | website=tvb.org | publisher=Television Bureau of Advertising, Inc. | access-date=January 17, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013646/https://www.tvb.org/Portals/0/media/file/DMA/2017_2018_DMA_Ranks.pdf | archive-date=October 13, 2017 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
{{Philly TV}}

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|Transportation in Philadelphia}}
{{See also|30th Street Station|List of SEPTA Metro stations|Philadelphia International Airport}}
[[File:30th Street Station Philadelphia July 2016 002 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Philadelphia's [[30th Street Station]] serves both [[SEPTA]] regional and [[Amtrak]] national trains and is Amtrak's third-busiest train station in the nation.]]
[[File:MarketFrankfordLineTrain.jpg|thumb|A [[Market–Frankford Line]] train departing [[52nd Street station (Market–Frankford Line)|52nd Street station]]]]
Philadelphia is served by [[SEPTA]], which operates buses, trains, [[rapid transit]] (as both subways and [[Elevated railway|elevated trains]]), [[Tram|trolleys]], and [[Trolleybus|trackless trolleys]] (electric buses) throughout Philadelphia, the four Pennsylvania suburban counties of [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks]], [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester]], [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware]], and [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]], in addition to service to [[Mercer County, New Jersey]] ([[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]) and [[New Castle County, Delaware]] ([[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] and [[Newark, Delaware]]).<ref>[http://www.septa.org/maps/system/index.html "Clickable Regional Rail & Rail Transit Map"]. ''septa.org''. [[SEPTA]]. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> The city's subway system consists of two routes: the subway section of the [[Market–Frankford Line]] running east–west under [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]] which opened in 1905 to the west and 1908 to the east of City Hall,<ref>{{cite book|last=Cox|first=Harold E.|year=1967|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Jack|title=The Road from Upper Darby. The Story of the Market Street Subway-Elevated.|location=New York, NY|publisher=Electric Railroaders' Association|oclc=54770701|page=16}}</ref> and the [[Broad Street Line]] running north–south beneath [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]] which opened in stages from 1928 to 1938.<ref>[http://septa.org/construction/projects/dilworth/history.html "Renovations to City Hall and 15th Street Stations {{!}} History"]. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

Beginning in the 1980s, large sections of the [[SEPTA Regional Rail]] service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to a lack of funding for equipment and infrastructure maintenance.<ref name=mitchell>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Mitchell |title= SEPTA Budget for Fiscal 1993: Continued Rail Retrenchment |work=The Delaware Valley Association of Railroad Passengers|date=April 1992}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 1992 |title=The Delaware Valley Rail Passenger |url=http://dvarp.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/dvrp9206.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507113917/http://dvarp.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/dvrp9206.txt |archive-date=May 7, 2016 |access-date=May 1, 2016 |website=dvarp.org |publisher=[[Delaware Valley Association of Rail Passengers]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abandonedrails.com/Newtown_Branch|title=Abandoned Rails: The Newtown Branch|website=www.abandonedrails.com|access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref>

Philadelphia's [[30th Street Station]] is a major railroad station on Amtrak's [[Northeast Corridor]] with 4.4&nbsp;million passengers in 2017 making it the [[List of busiest Amtrak stations|third-busiest]] station in the country after [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|New York City's Pennsylvania Station]] and [[Washington Union Station|Washington's Union Station]].<ref name="PA17">{{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/statefactsheets/PENNSYLVANIA17.pdf |title=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania FY2017 Fact Sheet |website=amtrak.com |publisher=Amtrak/National Railroad Passenger Corporation |date=November 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref> 30th Street Station offers access to Amtrak,<ref>[https://www.amtrak.com/stations/phl "Amtrak: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 30th Street Station"]. ''amtrak.com''. Amtrak/National Railroad Passenger Corporation. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> SEPTA,<ref>[http://www.septa.org/connect/ "Connecting Transit Services"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131043719/http://septa.org/connect/ |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> and [[NJ Transit]] lines.<ref>[http://www.njtransit.com/rg/rg_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=TrainStationLookupFrom&selStation=1 "NJ Transit: Philadelphia 30th Street"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126071032/http://www.njtransit.com/rg/rg_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=TrainStationLookupFrom&selStation=1 |date=January 26, 2018 }}. ''njtransit.com''. NJ Transit. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> Over 12&nbsp;million SEPTA and NJ Transit rail commuters use the station each year, and more than 100,000 people on an average weekday.<ref name="PA17"/>

The [[PATCO Speedline]] provides rapid transit service to [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]], [[Collingswood, New Jersey|Collingswood]], [[Westmont, New Jersey|Westmont]], [[Haddonfield, New Jersey|Haddonfield]], [[Cherry Hill, New Jersey|Woodcrest (Cherry Hill)]], [[Voorhees, New Jersey|Ashland (Voorhees)]], and [[Lindenwold, New Jersey|Lindenwold]], New Jersey, from stations on [[Locust Street]] between 16th and 15th, 13th and 12th, and 10th and 9th streets, and on Market Street at 8th Street.<ref>[http://www.ridepatco.org/stations/routemap.html "PATCO Maps & Stations"]. ''ridepatco.org''. Port Authority Transit Corporation. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

====Airports====
{{See also|Philadelphia International Airport}}
[[File:Philadelphia International Airport.jpg|thumb|An aerial view of [[Philadelphia International Airport]], the busiest airport in [[Pennsylvania]] and 21st-busiest in the nation]]
Two airports serve Philadelphia: the [[Philadelphia International Airport]] (PHL) is {{convert|7|mi|km|abbr=on}} south-southwest of [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] on the boundary with [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]], providing scheduled domestic and international air service,<ref name=PHL>[http://www.phl.org/Pages/AboutPHL/AboutPHLDefault.aspx "Philadelphia International Airport: About Us"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195256/http://www.phl.org/Pages/AboutPHL/AboutPHLDefault.aspx |date=January 29, 2018 }}. ''phl.org''. Philadelphia International Airport. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> while [[Northeast Philadelphia Airport]] (PNE) is a [[general aviation]] [[relief airport]] in [[Northeast Philadelphia]] serving general and corporate aviation.<ref>[http://www.phl.org/Pages/Business/PNE/PNE_default.aspx "Northeast Philadelphia Airport"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195257/http://www.phl.org/Pages/Business/PNE/PNE_default.aspx |date=January 29, 2018 }}. ''phl.org''. Philadelphia International Airport. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> Philadelphia International Airport is among the busiest airports in the world [[World's busiest airports by traffic movements|measured by traffic movements]] (i.e., takeoffs and landings).<ref name="ACI">{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Aircraft-Movements/12-months|title=Aircraft Movements: Landing and take-off of an aircraft|website=aci.aero|publisher=Airports Council International|access-date=January 29, 2018|archive-date=March 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164544/http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Aircraft-Movements/12-months|url-status=dead}}</ref> More than 30&nbsp;million passengers pass through the airport annually on 25 airlines, including all major domestic carriers. The airport has nearly 500 daily departures to more than 120 destinations worldwide.<ref name=PHL/> SEPTA's [[Airport Line (SEPTA)|Airport Regional Rail Line]] provides direct service between Center City railroad stations and Philadelphia International Airport.<ref>[http://www.septa.org/schedules/rail/w/AIR_0.html "SEPTA Airport Line Regional Rail Schedule"]. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

====Roads====
[[File:BenjaminFranklinBridgeAtNight2.jpg|thumb|The {{convert|9650|ft|m|adj=on|sp=us}} long [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge]] spans the [[Delaware River]], connecting Philadelphia and [[South Jersey]]]]
[[File:2022-10-09 13 33 59 View east along Interstate 76 and U.S. Route 30 (Schuylkill Expressway) from the overpass for Spring Garden Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|The [[Schuylkill Expressway]] eastbound at [[Interstate 676|I-676]] and [[U.S. Route 30|US 30]], also known as the Vine Street Expressway, in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]]]]

[[William Penn]] planned Philadelphia with [[Numbered street#Philadelphia|numbered streets]] traversing north and south, and streets named for trees, such as [[Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)|Chestnut]], [[Walnut Street (Philadelphia)|Walnut]], and Mulberry (since renamed [[Arch Street (Philadelphia)|Arch Street]]), traversing east and west. The two main streets were named [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad Street]] (the north–south [[Arterial road|artery]], since designated [[Pennsylvania Route 611]]) and High Street (the east–west artery, since renamed [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]]) converging at Centre Square which later became the site of [[Philadelphia City Hall|City Hall]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/penn/pnplan.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970430105836/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/PENN/pnplan.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 30, 1997|title=William Penn Plans the City|website=virginia.edu|publisher=The University of Virginia|access-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>

[[Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania|Interstate 95]] (the Delaware Expressway) traverses the southern and eastern edges of the city along the [[Delaware River]] as the main north–south [[controlled-access highway]], connecting Philadelphia with [[Newark, New Jersey]] and New York City to the north and with [[Baltimore]] and Washington, D.C. southward. The city is also served by [[Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)|Interstate 76]] (the [[Schuylkill Expressway]]), which runs along the [[Schuylkill River]], intersecting the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] at [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]] and providing access to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] and points west. [[Interstate 676]] (the Vine Street Expressway) links I-95 and I-76 through Center City by running below street level between the eastbound and westbound lanes of [[Vine Street (Philadelphia)|Vine Street]]. Entrance and exit ramps for the [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge]] are near the eastern end of the expressway, just west of the I-95 interchange.<ref name=osm>[https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=40.009376&mlon=-75.133346&zoom=12#map=11/40.0297/-75.1527 "OpenStreetMap"]. ''openstreetmap.org''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

The [[Roosevelt Boulevard (Philadelphia)|Roosevelt Boulevard]] and Expressway ([[U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania|U.S. 1]]) connect [[Northeast Philadelphia]] with Center City via I-76 through [[Fairmount Park]]. Woodhaven Road ([[Pennsylvania Route 63|Route 63]]) and Cottman Avenue ([[Pennsylvania Route 73|Route 73]]) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between I-95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard. The Fort Washington Expressway ([[Pennsylvania Route 309|Route 309]]) extends north from the city's northern border, serving [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery County]] and [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]]. [[U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 30]] ([[Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike|Lancaster Avenue]]) extends westward from [[West Philadelphia]] to [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]].<ref name=osm/>

[[Interstate 476]] (locally referred to as the Blue Route<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.476blueroute.com/history.htm|title=History of the Blue Route|access-date=January 30, 2018|work=I-476 Improvement Project|publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219184651/http://www.476blueroute.com/history.htm|archive-date=February 19, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>) traverses [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]], bypassing the city to the west and serving the city's western suburbs, and provides a direct route to [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] and points north, including the [[Pocono Mountains|Poconos]]. [[Interstate 276]], the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]]'s [[Pennsylvania Turnpike#Delaware River extension|Delaware River extension]], is a bypass and commuter route to the north of the city and a link to the [[New Jersey Turnpike]] and New York City.<ref name=osm/>

The [[Delaware River Port Authority]] operates four bridges in the Philadelphia area across the Delaware River to [[New Jersey]]: the [[Walt Whitman Bridge]] (I-76), the [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge]] (I-676 and U.S. 30), the [[Betsy Ross Bridge]] ([[New Jersey Route 90]]), and the [[Commodore Barry Bridge]] ([[U.S. Route 322|U.S. 322]] in Delaware County, south of the city).<ref>[http://www.drpa.org/ "Delaware River Port Authority: Our Bridges"]. ''drpa.org''. Delaware River Port Authority. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> The [[Burlington County Bridge Commission]] maintains two bridges across the Delaware River: the [[Tacony–Palmyra Bridge]] which connects [[Pennsylvania Route 73|PA Route 73]] in the [[Tacony, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Tacony]] section of Northeast Philadelphia with [[New Jersey Route 73]] in [[Palmyra, New Jersey|Palmyra]], [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]], and the [[Burlington–Bristol Bridge]] which connects [[New Jersey Route 413|NJ Route 413]]/[[U.S. Route 130]] in [[Burlington, New Jersey]] with [[Pennsylvania Route 413|PA Route 413]]/[[U.S. Route 13 in Pennsylvania|U.S. 13]] in [[Bristol Township, Pennsylvania|Bristol Township]], north of Philadelphia.<ref>[http://www.bcbridges.org/ "Burlington County Bridge Commission: About Our Bridges"]. ''bcbridges.org''. Burlington County Bridge Commission. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

====Bus service====
The [[Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal|Greyhound terminal]] is at 1001 Filbert Street (at 10th Street) in Center City, southeast of the [[Pennsylvania Convention Center]] and south of [[Chinatown, Philadelphia|Chinatown]].<ref>[http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/pennsylvania/philadelphia/bus-station-171127 "Philadelphia Bus Station"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145523/http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/pennsylvania/philadelphia/bus-station-171127 |date=January 30, 2018 }}. ''greyhound.com''. Greyhound. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> Several other bus operators provide service at the Greyhound terminal including [[Trailways Transportation System|Fullington Trailways]],<ref>[https://www.trailways.com/destinations/philadelphia-pa/ "Trailways: Visit Philadelphia, PA"]. ''trailways.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> [[Martz Group|Martz Trailways]],<ref>[https://martztrailways.com/locations/ "Martz Group: Locations (enter Philadelphia, PA)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130212733/https://martztrailways.com/locations/ |date=January 30, 2018 }}. ''martztrailways.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> [[Peter Pan Bus Lines]],<ref>[https://peterpanbus.com/locations/pennsylvania/philadelphia/ "Peter Pan: Philadelphia, PA Station"]. ''peterpanbus.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> and [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit buses]].<ref>[http://www.njtransit.com/var/var_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=PhillyWhereToGoTo "NJ Transit: South Jersey to Philly (Market Street, Greyhound Bus Terminal and on weekdays at 30th Street Station)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018154458/http://www.njtransit.com/var/var_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=PhillyWhereToGoTo |date=October 18, 2016 }}. ''njtransit.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

Other intercity bus services include [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] with stops at [[30th Street Station]] and the visitor center for [[Independence Hall]],<ref>[https://us.megabus.com/stops "Megabus Stops: Philadelphia, PA"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209062505/https://us.megabus.com/stops |date=December 9, 2019 }}. ''megabus.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> [[BoltBus]] (operated by Greyhound) at 30th Street Station,<ref>[https://www.boltbus.com/default.aspx "BoltBus Buy Tickets"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816195601/https://www.boltbus.com/default.aspx |date=August 16, 2009 }}. ''boltbus.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> [[OurBus]] at various stops in the city.

====Rail====
{{Main|History of rail transport in Philadelphia}}
[[File:Suburban Station Facade.jpg|thumb|[[Suburban Station]] with [[Art Deco|art deco]] architecture at 16th Street and JFK Boulevard]]
Since the early days of [[rail transportation in the United States]], Philadelphia has served as a hub for several major rail companies, particularly the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] and the [[Reading Company|Reading Railroad]]. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated [[Broad Street Station (Philadelphia)|Broad Street Station]], then [[30th Street Station]] and [[Suburban Station]], and the Reading Railroad operated [[Reading Terminal]], now part of the [[Pennsylvania Convention Center]]. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area. The two systems now operate as a single system under the control of [[SEPTA]], the regional transit authority. Additionally, the [[PATCO Speedline]] subway system and [[NJ Transit]]'s [[Atlantic City Line]] operate successor services to southern [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/rail/r0090.pdf|title=Atlantic City with service to ...|access-date=November 26, 2007|archive-date=November 26, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126230014/http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/rail/r0090.pdf|url-status=dead}}&nbsp;{{small|(218&nbsp;KB)}}</ref>

In 1911, Philadelphia had nearly 4,000 electric [[tram|trolleys]] running on 86 lines.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080802010025/http://www.septa.org/inside/history/trolley.html "Trolley Lines"]. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> In 2005, SEPTA reintroduced trolley service to the [[SEPTA Route 15|Girard Avenue Line]], Route 15.<ref>"Philadelphia's PCCs Return to Service." ''Railway Age.''  Vol. 205, No. 10, p. 30. October 1, 2005.</ref> SEPTA operates six subway-surface trolleys that run on street-level tracks in [[West Philadelphia]] and subway tunnels in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]], along with two surface trolleys in adjacent suburbs.<ref>[http://www.septa.org/schedules/trolley/index.html "Trolley Schedules"]. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref>

Philadelphia is a regional hub of the [[State-owned enterprise|federally-owned]] [[Amtrak]] system, with 30th Street Station being a primary stop on the Washington-Boston [[Northeast Corridor]] and the [[Keystone Corridor]] to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] and [[Pittsburgh]]. 30th Street also serves as a major station for services via the Pennsylvania Railroad's former [[Main Line (Pennsylvania Railroad)|Pennsylvania Main Line]] to Chicago. {{As of|2018}}, 30th Street is Amtrak's third-busiest station in the country, after New York City and Washington.<ref name=PhiladelphiaAmtrak/>

===Utilities===
====Water purity and availability====
[[File:Fairmount Water Works LOC 314409cu.jpg|thumb|[[Fairmount Water Works]], Philadelphia's second municipal waterworks, in December 1984]]
In 1815, Philadelphia began sourcing its water via the [[Fairmount Water Works]] on the [[Schuylkill River]], the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, the Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern [[Sand filter|sand filtration]] methods.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fairmountworks.com/our-story/ | title=Fairmount Water Works: Our Story | publisher=Fairmount Water Works | access-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Philadelphia Water Department]] (PWD) provides [[drinking water]], [[wastewater]] collection, and [[stormwater]] services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties. PWD draws about 57 percent of its drinking water from the [[Delaware River]] and the balance from the Schuylkill River.<ref name="PWD">{{cite web | url=http://www.phila.gov/water/aboutus/Pages/AboutPhiladelphiaWater.aspx | title=About Philadelphia Water | publisher=City of Philadelphia | access-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref> The city has two filtration plants on the Schuylkill River and one on the Delaware River. The three plants can treat up to 546&nbsp;million gallons of water per day, while the total storage capacity of the combined plant and distribution system exceeds one billion gallons. The wastewater system consists of three water pollution control plants, 21 pumping stations, and about {{convert|3657|mi|km}} of sewers.<ref name="PWD"/>

====Electricity====
[[Exelon]] subsidiary [[PECO Energy Company]], founded as the Brush Electric Light Company of Philadelphia in 1881 and renamed Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO) in 1902, provides electricity to about 1.6&nbsp;million customers and more than 500,000 natural gas customers in the southeastern Pennsylvania area including the city of Philadelphia and most of its suburbs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.peco.com/AboutUs/Pages/CompanyInformation.aspx | title=PECO: Company Information | publisher=PECO Energy Company | access-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref> PECO is the largest electric and natural gas utility in the state with 472 power substations and nearly {{convert|23000|mi|km}} of electric transmission and distribution lines, along with {{convert|12000|mi|km}} of natural gas transmission, distribution & service lines.<ref>[https://www.peco.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/PECO_Investing_in_our_Community_Booklet.pdf "PECO_Investing_in_our_Community_Booklet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204845/https://www.peco.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/PECO_Investing_in_our_Community_Booklet.pdf |date=January 30, 2018 }}. page 2. ''peco.com''. PECO Energy Company. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref>

====Natural gas====
{{Further|Philadelphia Gas Works}}
[[Philadelphia Gas Works]] (PGW), overseen by the [[Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission]], is the nation's largest municipally-owned natural gas utility. PGW serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pgworks.com/residential/about-us/about-pgw | title=PGW: About Us | publisher=Philadelphia Gas Works | access-date=April 24, 2015 | archive-date=April 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418135502/http://www.pgworks.com/residential/about-us/about-pgw | url-status=dead }}</ref> Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits. In 2014, the [[Philadelphia City Council|City Council]] refused to conduct hearings on a $1.86&nbsp;billion sale of PGW, part of a two-year effort that was proposed by the mayor. The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-10-28/news/55525996_1_concentric-energy-advisors-city-council-uil-holdings-corp | title=$1.86B sale of Philadelphia Gas Works is dead | work=The Philadelphia Inquirer | date=October 28, 2014 | access-date=April 24, 2015 | author=Maykuth, Andrew | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512113604/http://articles.philly.com/2014-10-28/news/55525996_1_concentric-energy-advisors-city-council-uil-holdings-corp | archive-date=May 12, 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hepp|first1=Chris|title=PGW deal latest casualty in Philly's Nutter-and-Clarke soap opera|url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-08/news/56806983_1_uil-philadelphia-gas-works-community-meeting|access-date=May 25, 2015|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=December 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516023824/http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-08/news/56806983_1_uil-philadelphia-gas-works-community-meeting|archive-date=May 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Telecommunications====
{{See also|Area codes 215, 267, and 445}}
Southeastern Pennsylvania was assigned the [[area code 215|215]] [[area code]] in 1947 when the [[North American Numbering Plan]] of the [[Bell System]] went into effect. The geographic area covered by the code was split nearly in half in 1994 when [[Area codes 610, 484, and 835|area code 610]] was created, with the city and its northern suburbs retaining 215. [[area code overlay|Overlay area code]] 267 was added to the 215 service area in 1997, and 484 was added to the 610 area in 1999. A plan in 2001 to introduce a third overlay code to both service areas, [[area code 445]] to 215 and [[Area codes 610, 484, and 835|area code 835]] to 610, was delayed and later rescinded.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nanpa.com/pdf/PL_332_v1.pdf |title= PA 445 Implementation for 215/267 NPA Rescinded – 445 NPA Code Reclaimed |access-date= January 31, 2007 |archive-date= February 11, 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070211153116/http://www.nanpa.com/pdf/PL_332_v1.pdf |url-status= dead }}&nbsp;{{small|(64.5&nbsp;KB)}}</ref> Area code 445 was implemented as an overlay for area codes 215 and 267 starting on February 3, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://6abc.com/home/445-philadelphia-suburbs-getting-new-area-code/3011823/ |title=445: Philadelphia, suburbs getting new area code (Pennsylvania)|date=January 31, 2018}}&nbsp;{{small|(1.1&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]])}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Philadelphia}}

==Sister cities==
[[File:Friendship Gate Chinatown Philadelphia from west.jpg|thumb|A [[Chinatown, Philadelphia|Chinatown]] [[paifang]] at 10th and [[Arch Street (Philadelphia)|Arch]] streets, a symbol of Philadelphia's [[sister city]] relationship with [[Tianjin]]]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City
! Country
! Date
|-
| [[Florence]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Florence, Italy | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/florence__italy | archive-url =https://archive.today/20150203065503/http://cdiphila.org/florence__italy | url-status =usurped | archive-date =February 3, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| Italy
| 1964
|-
| [[Tel Aviv]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Tel Aviv, Israel | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/tel_aviv___yafo__israel | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/tel_aviv___yafo__israel | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
|Israel
| 1966
|-
| [[Toruń]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Torun, Poland | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/torun__poland | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051846/http://cdiphila.org/torun__poland | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| Poland
| 1976
|-
| [[Tianjin]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Tianjin, China | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/tianjin__china | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/tianjin__china | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| China
| 1979
|-
| [[Incheon]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Incheon, Korea | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/incheon__korea | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/incheon__korea | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| South Korea
| 1984
|-
| [[Douala]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Douala, Cameroon | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/douala__cameroon | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/douala__cameroon | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| Cameroon
| 1986
|-
| [[Nizhny Novgorod]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/nizhny_novgorod__russia | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/nizhny_novgorod__russia | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| Russia
| 1992
|-
| [[Frankfurt]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Frankfurt am Main, Germany | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/frankfurt_am_main__germany | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151016081925/http://cdiphila.org/frankfurt_am_main__germany | url-status =usurped | archive-date =October 16, 2015 | access-date =September 11, 2015}}</ref>
| Germany
| 2015
|}

Philadelphia also has three partnership cities or regions:<ref name="Diplomacy"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City
! Country
! Date
|-
| [[Kobe]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Kobe, Japan | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/kobe__japan | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/kobe__japan | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| Japan
| 1986
|-
| [[Abruzzo]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Abruzzo, Italy | publisher =International Visitors Council of Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/abruzzo__italy | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/abruzzo__italy | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| Italy
| 1997
|-
| [[Aix-en-Provence]]<ref>{{cite web | title =Aix-en-Provence, France | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/aix_en_provence__france | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/aix_en_provence__france | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref>
| France
| 1999
|}

Philadelphia has eight official [[Sister city|sister cities]] as designated by the Citizen Diplomacy International (CDI) of Philadelphia:<ref name="Diplomacy">{{cite web |url=http://cdiphila.org/sister_cities_program |title=Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia Sister Cities Program |website=cdiphila.org |publisher=Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815055807/http://cdiphila.org/sister_cities_program |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities. The Sister Cities Park, a site of {{convert|0.5|acre|sqyd}} at 18th and [[Benjamin Franklin Parkway]] in [[Logan Circle (Philadelphia)|Logan Square]], was dedicated in June 1976. The park was built to commemorate Philadelphia's first two sister city relationships, with [[Tel Aviv]] and [[Florence]]. Toruń Triangle, honoring the sister city relationship with [[Toruń]], Poland, was constructed in 1976, west of the [[United Way of America|United Way]] building at 18th Street and [[Benjamin Franklin Parkway]]. Sister Cities Park was redesigned and reopened in 2012, featuring an interactive fountain honoring Philadelphia's sister and partnership cities, a café and visitor center, children's play area, outdoor garden, boat pond, and a pavilion built to [[environmentally friendly]] standards.<ref name="renovation">{{cite web | url=http://www.ivc.org/sister_cities_park | title=Sister Cities Park | website=ivc.org | publisher=International Visitors Council of Philadelphia | access-date=June 3, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194541/http://www.ivc.org/sister_cities_park | archive-date=January 16, 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://centercityphila.org/parks/sister-cities-park/sister-cities-park-history | title=Sister Cities Park History |website=centercityphila.org | publisher=Center City District{{!}}Central Philadelphia Development Corporation{{!}}Center City District Foundation | access-date=December 16, 2017}}</ref>

The Chinatown Gate, erected in 1984 and crafted by artisans from [[Tianjin]], stands astride 10th Street, on the north side of its intersection with [[Arch Street (Philadelphia)|Arch Street]], as a symbol of the sister city relationship. The CDI of Philadelphia has participated in the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]]'s "Partners for Peace" project with [[Mosul]], Iraq,<ref name="mosul">[http://www.ivc.org/mosul/ IVC of Philadelphia Partners with Mosul, Iraq in Groundbreaking Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511192358/http://www.ivc.org/mosul/ |date=May 11, 2011 }} Retrieved January 26, 2011.</ref> and in accepting visiting delegations from dozens of other countries.<ref name="ivc">[http://www.ivc.org/inbound_delegations Inbound delegations visiting Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511192401/http://www.ivc.org/inbound_delegations |date=May 11, 2011 }} Retrieved January 26, 2011.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Philadelphia County]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in the Americas|Metropolitan areas in the Americas]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia]]
* [[USS Philadelphia|USS ''Philadelphia'']]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{main|Bibliography of Philadelphia}}
* Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. ''Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980'' (Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. [https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1 online]; see index at p.&nbsp;410 for list.

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Philadelphia|voy=Philadelphia}}
* {{official website|https://www.phila.gov/}} of the City of Philadelphia government
* ''[https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/ Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia]'' – historical encyclopedia
* [https://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/ Historic Philadelphia], over 2 million photographs dating back to the late 1800s
* [https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network], historical maps and atlases
* {{cite book |last1=Daly |first1=John |last2=Weinberg |first2=Allen |title=Genealogy of Philadelphia County Subdivisions, 1687–1960 |date=October 1966 |publisher=Philadelphia Dept. of Records |edition=Second |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogy-of-philadelphia-county-political-subdivisions-1687-1960}}
* [https://www.philly.com/ philly.com], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' and ''[[Philadelphia Daily News|Daily News]]''
* {{official website|https://www.discoverphl.com/}} of Discover Philadelphia
* {{official website|https://www.paconvention.com/}} of Pennsylvania Convention Center
* [https://video.wttw.com/video/2365709534/ "10 Towns that Changed America"], a [[WTTW]] segment on Philadelphia (at 7:23–12:00 in 56-minute video)

{{Philadelphia}}
{{Geographic location
 |Centre = Philadelphia
 |North = [[Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania|Cheltenham]]
 |Northeast = [[Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania|Bensalem]]
 |East = [[Camden, New Jersey]]
 |Southeast = [[Cherry Hill, New Jersey]]
 |South = [[West Deptford Township, New Jersey]]
 |Southwest = [[Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Tinicum Township (Delco)]]
 |West = [[Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Darby]]
 |Northwest = [[Philadelphia Main Line]]
}}
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