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Annual ridership numbers are taken from the AT financial year (1st July to 30th June)
 
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Short description|Information about public transit in Auckland}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=November 2012}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox Bus transit
{{Infobox public transit
| name = AT Metro
| name = Auckland Transport (AT)
| logo = [[File:AT Metro logo.png|150px]]
| image = [[File:Auckland Transport Logo.png|90px]]
| logo_size =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| image = AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| image2 = Auckland AT Metro AM Class, Parnell, Auckland (20240202a).jpg
| image_caption = An Auckland Transport electric train ([[New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit|AM class]]) at Puhinui
| imagesize2 = 280px
| company_slogan =
| alt2 =
| parent = [[Auckland Transport]] (AT)
| caption2 = An AT [[New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit|AM class]] train at [[Parnell railway station|Parnell station]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2010|11|01|df=y}}
| owner =
| headquarters =
| area served = [[Auckland]] metropolitan area
| locale = New Zealand
| service_area = [[Auckland Region]]
| locale = [[Auckland region]]
| service_type = [[Bus service|Bus]], [[Commuter rail|rail]], [[ferry]]
| transit_type = [[Suburban rail]], [[bus service|bus]], [[ferry]]
| line_number =
| alliance =
| stations =
| routes =
| annual_ridership = {{plainlist|
| destinations =
*86.8 million (2023/24)<ref>{{cite web |title=AT Metro patronage report |url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/reports-publications/at-metro-patronage-report/ |website=Auckland Transport |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>
| stops =
*Bus: 68.1 million
| hubs = [[Britomart Transport Centre]]
*Train: 13.8 million
| stations =
*Ferry: 4.9 million
| fleet =
}}
| ridership =
| website = {{URL|https://at.govt.nz/}}
| fuel_type =
| operator = [[Auckland One Rail]]<br />Bayes Coachlines<br />[[Kinetic Group]] ([[Go Bus Transport|Go Bus]], [[NZ Bus]])<br />[[Transdev Australasia#Howick & Eastern Buses|Howick and Eastern Buses]]<br />Pavlovich Transport Solutions<br />[[Ritchies Transport]]<br />[[Tranzit Group]] (Tranzurban Auckland)<br />Belaire Ferries<br />[[Explore Group]]<br />[[Fullers Group|Fullers360]] (Waiheke Bus Company)<br />[[SeaLink New Zealand|SeaLink NZ]]
| operator =
| ceo =
| vehicles =
| map = {{Public transport in Auckland/Map}}
| website = {{URL|https://at.govt.nz/}}
| map_state =
| map = {{Public transport in Auckland/Map}}
}}
}}


[[File:Auckland public transport animated map.ogv|thumb|A two-minute animation of a day's activity on Auckland's public transport network]]
[[File:Auckland public transport animated map.ogv|thumb|A two-minute animation of a day's activity on Auckland's public transport network]]


[[Public transport]] in [[Auckland]], the largest [[Ranked list of New Zealand urban areas|metropolitan area]] of New Zealand, consists of three [[transport mode|modes]]: [[bus]], [[heavy rail|train]] and [[ferry]]. Services are coordinated by [[Auckland Transport]] under the [[AT Metro]] brand. [[Waitematā railway station]] is the main [[transport hub]].
'''Public transport in Auckland''', the largest [[Ranked list of New Zealand urban areas|metropolitan area]] of New Zealand, consists of three [[transport mode|modes]]: [[bus]], [[heavy rail|train]] and [[ferry]]. Services are coordinated by [[Auckland Transport]] (AT) under the AT and [[AT Metro]] brands. [[Waitematā railway station]] is the main [[transport hub]].


Until the 1950s, Auckland was well served by public transport and had high levels of ridership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/news/2017/10/public-transport-numbers-the-best-in-more-than-60-years/|title=Public transport patronage the highest in more than 60 years|website=OurAuckland|language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> However, the dismantling of [[Trams in New Zealand|an extensive tram system]] in the 1950s, the decision by [[Stan Goosman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportblog.co.nz/2016/05/18/sir-dove-myer-robinson-on-his-rapid-transit-scheme-part-4/|title=Sir Dove-Myer Robinson on his Rapid Transit Scheme – Part 4|date=18 May 2016|website=transportblog.co.nz|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> to not electrify Auckland's rail network, and a focus of transport investment into a [[Auckland Southern Motorway|motorway system]] led to the collapse in both [[Modal share|mode share]] and total trips.<ref name="SINS"/> By the 1990s, Auckland had experienced one of the sharpest declines in public transport ridership in the world, with only 33 trips per capita per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~cthombor/Pubs/AKtransportMees.rtf|title=The American Heresy: Half a century of transport planning in Auckland|last=Mees|first=Paul|date=February 2001}}</ref>
Until the 1950s, [[Auckland]] was well served by [[public transport]] and had high levels of ridership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/news/2017/10/public-transport-numbers-the-best-in-more-than-60-years/|title=Public transport patronage the highest in more than 60 years|website=OurAuckland|language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> However, the dismantling of [[Trams in New Zealand|an extensive tram system]] in the 1950s, the decision by [[Stan Goosman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportblog.co.nz/2016/05/18/sir-dove-myer-robinson-on-his-rapid-transit-scheme-part-4/|title=Sir Dove-Myer Robinson on his Rapid Transit Scheme – Part 4|date=18 May 2016|website=transportblog.co.nz|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> to not electrify Auckland's rail network, and a focus of transport investment into a [[Auckland Southern Motorway|motorway system]] led to the collapse in both [[Modal share|mode share]] and total trips.<ref name="SINS"/> By the 1990s, Auckland had experienced one of the sharpest declines in public transport ridership in the world, with only 33 trips per capita per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~cthombor/Pubs/AKtransportMees.rtf|title=The American Heresy: Half a century of transport planning in Auckland|last=Mees|first=Paul|date=February 2001}}</ref>


Since 2000, a greater focus has been placed on improving Auckland's public transport system through a series of projects and service improvements. Major improvements include the [[Waitematā railway station]], the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]], the upgrade and [[Auckland railway electrification|electrification]] of the rail network<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html |title=Developing Auckland's Rail Transport – DART |publisher=KiwiRail |access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> and the introduction of integrated ticketing through the [[AT HOP card|AT HOP Card]]. These efforts have led to sustained growth in ridership, particularly on the rail network. Between June 2005 and November 2017 total ridership increased from 51.3 million boardings per annum to 90.9 million.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/reports-publications/at-metro-patronage-report/|title=Auckland Transport Patronage Report}}</ref>
Since 2000, a greater focus has been placed on improving Auckland's public transport system through a series of projects and service improvements. Major improvements include the [[Waitematā railway station]], the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]], the upgrade and [[Auckland railway electrification|electrification]] of the rail network<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html |title=Developing Auckland's Rail Transport – DART |publisher=KiwiRail |access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> and the introduction of integrated ticketing through the [[AT HOP card|AT HOP Card]]. These efforts have led to sustained growth in ridership, particularly on the rail network. Between June 2005 and November 2017 total ridership increased from 51.3 million boardings per annum to 90.9 million.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/reports-publications/at-metro-patronage-report/|title=Auckland Transport Patronage Report}}</ref>
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Despite those strong gains, the overall share of travel in Auckland by public transport is still quite low. At the 2013 census, around 8% of journeys to work were by public transport<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/news/multi/journey-to-work-patterns-in-the-auckland-region/|title=Journey to Work Patterns in the Auckland Region {{!}} Ministry of Transport|website=transport.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> and per capita ridership in 2017 of around 55 boardings is still well below that of Wellington, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and most large Canadian cities.<ref name="CHALLENGES">[http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf Auckland's Transport Challenges] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525122705/http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf |date=25 May 2010 }} (from the Draft 2009/10-2011/12 Auckland Regional Land Transport Programme, Page 8), [[Auckland Regional Transport Authority|ARTA]], March 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.</ref>
Despite those strong gains, the overall share of travel in Auckland by public transport is still quite low. At the 2013 census, around 8% of journeys to work were by public transport<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/news/multi/journey-to-work-patterns-in-the-auckland-region/|title=Journey to Work Patterns in the Auckland Region {{!}} Ministry of Transport|website=transport.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> and per capita ridership in 2017 of around 55 boardings is still well below that of Wellington, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and most large Canadian cities.<ref name="CHALLENGES">[http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf Auckland's Transport Challenges] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525122705/http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf |date=25 May 2010 }} (from the Draft 2009/10-2011/12 Auckland Regional Land Transport Programme, Page 8), [[Auckland Regional Transport Authority|ARTA]], March 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.</ref>


Auckland's rapid population growth means that improving the city's public transport system is a priority for Auckland Council<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/mayor-of-auckland/Pages/mayors-vision-for-auckland.aspx |title=Mayor Phil Goff's vision for Auckland |website=Auckland Council|language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> and the New Zealand Government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899395 |title=Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland |last=Orsman |first=Bernard |date=6 August 2017|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=26 December 2017|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> Major improvements planned or underway include the [[City Rail Link]],<ref name=ARRIVESATBRITOMART>{{cite news|title=Nine millionth rail passenger arrives at Britomart |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10691825|access-date=7 February 2011|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=3 December 2010}}</ref> construction of the [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]] between [[Panmure, New Zealand|Panmure]] and [[Botany (New Zealand electorate)|Botany]], and the proposed [[City Centre–Māngere Line]], a [[light rail]] line between the city centre and [[Auckland Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/airport-and-mangere-rail/ |title=Airport and Mangere Rail|last=Auckland Transport|date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
Auckland's rapid population growth means that improving the city's public transport system is a priority for Auckland Council<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/mayor-of-auckland/Pages/mayors-vision-for-auckland.aspx |title=Mayor Phil Goff's vision for Auckland |website=Auckland Council|language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> and the New Zealand Government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899395 |title=Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland |last=Orsman |first=Bernard |date=6 August 2017|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=26 December 2017|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> Major improvements planned or underway include the [[City Rail Link]],<ref name=ARRIVESATBRITOMART>{{cite news|title=Nine millionth rail passenger arrives at Britomart |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10691825|access-date=7 February 2011|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=3 December 2010}}</ref> construction of the [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]] between [[Panmure, New Zealand|Panmure]] and [[Botany (New Zealand electorate)|Botany]], and the proposed [[City Centre–Māngere Line]], a [[light rail]] line between the city centre and [[Auckland Airport]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/airport-and-mangere-rail/ |title=Airport and Mangere Rail|last=Auckland Transport|date=24 March 2017}}</ref> which was cancelled by the [[Sixth National Government of New Zealand |coalition government]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Government Cancels Auckland Light Rail|url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-cancels-auckland-light-rail|publisher=[[Simeon Brown]], [[Minister of Transport (New Zealand)|Minister for Transport]], [[New Zealand Government|Beehive]]|date=14 January 2024|access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
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=== Post World War II decline ===
=== Post World War II decline ===
Auckland's extensive tram network was removed in the 1950s, with the last line closing in late 1956.<ref>[http://www.motat.org.nz/artefacts/December06.htm Auckland Tram – Number 11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817144503/http://www.motat.org.nz/artefacts/December06.htm |date=17 August 2007 }} (from the [[Museum of Transport and Technology|MOTAT]] website)</ref><ref name="IPENZTG">''A Wheel on Each Corner'', The History of the IPENZ Transportation Group 1956–2006 – Douglass, Malcolm; [[IPENZ]] Transportation Group, 2006, Page 12</ref> Although a series of ambitious rail schemes were proposed between the 1940s and 1970s,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11648325|title=Rail Link 100 years in the making|last=@AmeliaJWade|first=Amelia Wade Reporter, NZ Herald amelia wade@nzherald co nz|date=31 May 2016|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=26 December 2017|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> the focus of transport improvements in Auckland shifted to developing an extensive motorway system. Passionate advocacy from long-time Mayor of [[Auckland City Council]] [[Dove-Myer Robinson]] for a "rapid rail" scheme was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref name="CHAP4">[http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/Introduction/bush/chap4.asp History of Auckland City – Chapter 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513080938/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/bush/chap4.asp |date=13 May 2008 }} (from the [[Auckland City Council]] website. Retrieved 7 June 2008.)</ref>
Auckland's extensive tram network was removed in the 1950s, with the last line closing in late 1956.<ref>[http://www.motat.org.nz/artefacts/December06.htm Auckland Tram – Number 11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817144503/http://www.motat.org.nz/artefacts/December06.htm |date=17 August 2007 }} (from the [[Museum of Transport and Technology|MOTAT]] website)</ref><ref name="IPENZTG">''A Wheel on Each Corner'', The History of the IPENZ Transportation Group 1956–2006 – Douglass, Malcolm; [[IPENZ]] Transportation Group, 2006, Page 12</ref> Although a series of ambitious rail schemes were proposed between the 1940s and 1970s,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11648325|title=Rail Link 100 years in the making|last=@AmeliaJWade|first=Amelia Wade Reporter, NZ Herald amelia wade@nzherald co nz|date=31 May 2016|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=26 December 2017|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> the focus of transport improvements in Auckland shifted to developing an extensive motorway system. Passionate advocacy from long-time Mayor of [[Auckland City Council]] [[Dove-Myer Robinson]] for a "rapid rail" scheme was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref name="CHAP4">[http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/Introduction/bush/chap4.asp History of Auckland City – Chapter 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513080938/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/bush/chap4.asp |date=13 May 2008 }} (from the [[Auckland City Council]] website. Retrieved 7 June 2008.)</ref>
[[File:Auckland_electric_tramlines_1900_to_1960.gif|thumb|left|Auckland electric tramlines 1900 to 1960]]

Removal of the tram system, little investment in Auckland's rail network and growing car ownership in the second half of the 20th century led to a collapse in ridership across all modes of public transport.<ref name="SINS" /> From a 1954 average level of 290 public transport trips per person per year (a share of 58% of all motorised trips), patronage decreased rapidly.<ref name="CHALLENGES" /><ref name="MEES2009">{{cite book|last=Mees|first=Paul|title=Transport for Suburbia: Beyond the Automobile Age|publisher=Earthscan Ltd.|date=December 2009|isbn=978-1-84407-740-3}}</ref> 1950s ridership levels were only reached again in the 2010s, despite Auckland's population growing four-fold over the same time period.<ref name="SINS">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=97&objectid=10575671 |title=Michael Lee: Sins of the fathers – legacy of harbour bridge |date=1 June 2009 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref>
Removal of the tram system, little investment in Auckland's rail network and growing car ownership in the second half of the 20th century led to a collapse in ridership across all modes of public transport.<ref name="SINS" /> From a 1954 average level of 290 public transport trips per person per year (a share of 58% of all motorised trips), patronage decreased rapidly.<ref name="CHALLENGES" /><ref name="MEES2009">{{cite book|last=Mees|first=Paul|title=Transport for Suburbia: Beyond the Automobile Age|publisher=Earthscan Ltd.|date=December 2009|isbn=978-1-84407-740-3}}</ref> 1950s ridership levels were only reached again in the 2010s, despite Auckland's population growing four-fold over the same time period.<ref name="SINS">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=97&objectid=10575671 |title=Michael Lee: Sins of the fathers – legacy of harbour bridge |date=1 June 2009 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref>


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==== Privatisation ====
==== Privatisation ====
It has been claimed that the city's public transport decline resulted from, "privatisation, a poor regulatory environment and a funding system that favours roads".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0407/S00102/why-is-aucklands-public-transport-system-so-poor.htm|title=Why Is Auckland's Public Transport System So Poor? {{!}} Scoop News|website=scoop.co.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> On the other hand, NZ Bus claim that increasing passengers and cost control began with privatisation in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://infratil.com/assets/Uploads/PDF/nzbus_overview_feb2008.pdf|title=NZ Bus|date=2008}}</ref>
It has been claimed that the city's public transport decline resulted from, "privatisation, a poor regulatory environment and a funding system that favours roads".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0407/S00102/why-is-aucklands-public-transport-system-so-poor.htm|title=Why Is Auckland's Public Transport System So Poor? {{!}} Scoop News|website=scoop.co.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> On the other hand, NZ Bus claim that increasing passengers and cost control began with privatisation in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://infratil.com/assets/Uploads/PDF/nzbus_overview_feb2008.pdf|title=NZ Bus|date=2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210033508/https://infratil.com/assets/Uploads/PDF/nzbus_overview_feb2008.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2013 }}</ref>


=== 21st century revival ===
=== 21st century revival ===
As concerns over [[urban sprawl]] and [[traffic congestion]] grew in the 1990s and early 2000s, public transport returned to the spotlight, with growing agreement of the "need for a substantial shift to public transport".<ref name="HERALDPT">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/public-transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=536&objectid=10435641|title=Force people out of cars, says Treasury|author=Dearnaley, Mathew|date=23 April 2007|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Growing recognition that Auckland could no longer "build its way out of congestion" through more roads alone led to the first major improvements to Auckland's public transport system in half a century:
As concerns over [[urban sprawl]] and [[traffic congestion]] grew in the 1990s and early 2000s, public transport returned to the spotlight, with growing agreement of the "need for a substantial shift to public transport".<ref name="HERALDPT">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/public-transport/news/article.cfm?c_id=536&objectid=10435641|title=Force people out of cars, says Treasury|author=Dearnaley, Mathew|date=23 April 2007|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> Growing recognition that Auckland could no longer "build its way out of congestion" through more roads alone led to the first major improvements to Auckland's public transport system in half a century:
* The [[Britomart Transport Centre]] was opened in 2003, the first major upgrade of Auckland's rail network since World War II. This project allowed trains to reach into the heart of Auckland's city centre and acted as a catalyst for the regeneration of this part of downtown Auckland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/towns-and-cities/urban-design-case-studies/britomart-auckland|title=Britomart – Auckland {{!}} Ministry for the Environment|website=mfe.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref>
* [[Waitematā railway station|Waitematā station]] was opened in 2003 as Britomart Transport Centre, the first major upgrade of Auckland's rail network since World War II. This project allowed trains to reach into the heart of Auckland's city centre and acted as a catalyst for the regeneration of this part of downtown Auckland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/towns-and-cities/urban-design-case-studies/britomart-auckland|title=Britomart – Auckland {{!}} Ministry for the Environment|website=mfe.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref>
* The [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] was opened in 2008, providing Auckland's [[North Shore, New Zealand|North Shore]] with [[rapid transit]] that enabled bus riders to avoid congestion on the [[Auckland Northern Motorway|Northern Motorway]] and [[Auckland Harbour Bridge]].<ref name="NSCC">[http://www.nscc.govt.nz/transport_and_roads/Public-transport/NB-faq.html Busway FAQ] on [[North Shore City Council]] website. Retrieved 11 January 2008</ref>
* The [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] was opened in 2008, providing Auckland's [[North Shore, New Zealand|North Shore]] with [[rapid transit]] that enabled bus riders to avoid congestion on the [[Auckland Northern Motorway|Northern Motorway]] and [[Auckland Harbour Bridge]].<ref name="NSCC">[http://www.nscc.govt.nz/transport_and_roads/Public-transport/NB-faq.html Busway FAQ] on [[North Shore City Council]] website. Retrieved 11 January 2008</ref>
* A core upgrade of Auckland's rail network between 2006 and 2011, known as [http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html Project DART], which included double-tracking of the [[Western Line (Auckland)|Western Line]], the reopening of the [[Onehunga Branch]] line to Onehunga, a [[Manukau Branch|rail spur to Manukau City]] and a series of station upgrades.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html|title=DART – KiwiRail|last=KiwiRail|website=kiwirail.co.nz |language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref>
* A core upgrade of Auckland's rail network between 2006 and 2011, known as [http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html Project DART], which included double-tracking of the [[Western Line (Auckland)|Western Line]], the reopening of the [[Onehunga Branch]] line to Onehunga, a [[Manukau Branch|rail spur to Manukau City]] and a series of station upgrades.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiwirail.co.nz/projects/major-projects/dart.html|title=DART – KiwiRail|last=KiwiRail|website=kiwirail.co.nz |language=en|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref>
* [[Auckland railway electrification|Electrification of the Auckland rail network]] (except for the section of track between [[Papakura]] and [[Pukekohe]]) and the purchase of new electric trains from Spanish manufacturer [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]. Electric train services commenced in 2014.
* [[Auckland railway electrification|Electrification of the Auckland rail network]] (except for the section of track between [[Papakura]] and [[Pukekohe]]) and the purchase of new electric trains from Spanish manufacturer [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]. Electric train services commenced in 2014. AT trains were 100% electric in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |date=2024-03-18 |title=Mission Electric |url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/sustainability/mission-electric |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref>
* Implementation of an integrated ticketing and fares system, through the [[AT HOP card]], enabling consistent fares and easy transfers between different bus, train and ferry operators.
* Implementation of an integrated ticketing and fares system, through the [[AT HOP card]], enabling consistent fares and easy transfers between different bus, train and ferry operators.
* Electric AT buses and depots began replacing diesel in 2020. In March 2024 there were 138 zero-emission buses, including one double-decker.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |date=2024-03-18 |title=Mission Electric |url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/sustainability/mission-electric |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=Auckland Mayor Wayne Brown powers up to drive electric bus round cones |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/auckland-mayor-wayne-brown-feels-power-while-driving-around-road-cones-in-kinetic-electric-bus-in-mangere/P7DOQYOQRZBHLJXRDPJ2KQJHCI/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Business.Scoop » Auckland Transport Welcomes First Double Decker Electric Bus |url=https://business.scoop.co.nz/2024/03/19/auckland-transport-welcomes-first-double-decker-electric-bus/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en}}</ref>


Despite these improvements, the lack of investment in Auckland's public transport system throughout the latter part of the 20th century means the city still has much lower levels of ridership than other major cities in Canada and Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/imported/3890/AT-Agenda-Item-10ii-Passenger-Transport-Benchmark-Study-attachment-1-26-october-2011.pdf |title=Auckland Passenger Transport Performance Benchmark Study|last=Wallis|first=Ian|date=15 August 2011}}</ref> Auckland's ongoing strong population growth and constrained geography means that Auckland's transport plans now have a strong focus on further improving the quality and attractiveness of public transport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/land/auckland/atap/|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project {{!}} Ministry of Transport|website=transport.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> Further improvements are to be realised in the years to 2028 under the Auckland Transport Alignment Project (ATAP), valued at NZ$28 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/103402210/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-28b-auckland-transport-alignment-project|title=What you need to know about the $28b Auckland Transport Alignment Project |work=Stuff.co.nz |date=26 April 2018|access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref> ($4.6 billion more than previously planned), of which $9.1 billion is for additional public transport projects, including: the completion of the [[City Rail Link]]; the construction of the [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]], which will run from [[Panmure railway station, Auckland|Panmure]] to [[Botany Downs|Botany]]; Northern Busway extension to [[Albany, New Zealand|Albany]]; the extension of the railway electrification to Pukekohe; a [[Southern Line (Auckland)#Third Main Line|third line to Auckland]] between [[Westfield railway station|Westfield]] and [[Wiri railway station|Wiri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kiwirail.co.nz/uploads/Publications/ThirdMainBusinessCase.pdf|access-date=28 December 2018|title=Wiri to Westfield – The Case for Investment|date=December 2016|publisher=KiwiRail}}</ref> or Wiri and Papakura, to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899395|access-date=28 December 2018|title=Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland|date=6 August 2017|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> further new electric trains and the construction of a new light rail line, the [[City Centre–Māngere Line]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/media/18658/atap-20-final-24042018-1500.pdf|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project|date=April 2018|website=Auckland Council}}</ref>
Despite these improvements, the lack of investment in Auckland's public transport system throughout the latter part of the 20th century means the city still has much lower levels of ridership than other major cities in Canada and Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/imported/3890/AT-Agenda-Item-10ii-Passenger-Transport-Benchmark-Study-attachment-1-26-october-2011.pdf |title=Auckland Passenger Transport Performance Benchmark Study|last=Wallis|first=Ian|date=15 August 2011}}</ref> Auckland's ongoing strong population growth and constrained geography means that Auckland's transport plans now have a strong focus on further improving the quality and attractiveness of public transport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transport.govt.nz/land/auckland/atap/|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project {{!}} Ministry of Transport|website=transport.govt.nz|language=en-NZ|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> Further improvements are to be realised in the years to 2028 under the Auckland Transport Alignment Project (ATAP), valued at NZ$28 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/103402210/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-28b-auckland-transport-alignment-project|title=What you need to know about the $28b Auckland Transport Alignment Project |work=Stuff.co.nz |date=26 April 2018|access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref> ($4.6 billion more than previously planned), of which $9.1 billion is for additional public transport projects, including: the completion of the [[City Rail Link]]; the construction of the [[Eastern Busway, Auckland|Eastern Busway]], which will run from [[Panmure railway station, Auckland|Panmure]] to [[Botany Downs|Botany]]; Northern Busway extension to [[Albany, New Zealand|Albany]]; the extension of the railway electrification to Pukekohe; a [[Southern Line (Auckland)#Third Main Line|third line to Auckland]] between [[Westfield railway station|Westfield]] and [[Wiri railway station|Wiri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kiwirail.co.nz/uploads/Publications/ThirdMainBusinessCase.pdf|access-date=28 December 2018|title=Wiri to Westfield – The Case for Investment|date=December 2016|publisher=KiwiRail}}</ref> or Wiri and Papakura, to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899395|access-date=28 December 2018|title=Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland|date=6 August 2017|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> further new electric trains and the construction of a new light rail line, the [[City Centre–Māngere Line]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/media/18658/atap-20-final-24042018-1500.pdf|title=Auckland Transport Alignment Project|date=April 2018|website=Auckland Council}}</ref>


In late January 2022, the New Zealand Government approved a NZ$14.6 billion project to establish a partially tunneled [[Auckland Airport Line|light rail network]] between Auckland Airport and the [[Wynyard Quarter]] in the Auckland CBD. The proposed light rail network will integrate with current train and bus hubs as well as the City Rail Link's stations and connections. Transport Minister [[Michael Wood (New Zealand politician)|Michael Wood]] also added that the Government would decide on plans to establish a [[Second Harbour Crossing, Auckland|second harbour crossing]] at [[Waitemata Harbour]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Small |first1=Zane |title=$14 billion Auckland light rail bid gets green light, decision on second Waitemata Harbour crossing on 2023 |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/01/14-billion-auckland-light-rail-bid-gets-green-light-decision-on-second-waitemat-harbour-crossing-in-2023.html |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=[[Newshub]] |date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129202949/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/01/14-billion-auckland-light-rail-bid-gets-green-light-decision-on-second-waitemat-harbour-crossing-in-2023.html |archive-date=29 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Auckland light rail tunnel to run to Mt Roskill before following SH20 to the airport |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/460377/auckland-light-rail-tunnel-to-run-to-mt-roskill-before-following-sh20-to-the-airport |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128034022/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/460377/auckland-light-rail-tunnel-to-run-to-mt-roskill-before-following-sh20-to-the-airport |archive-date=28 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
In late January 2022, the New Zealand Government approved a NZ$14.6 billion project to establish a partially tunneled [[Auckland Airport Line|light rail network]] between Auckland Airport and the [[Wynyard Quarter]] in the Auckland CBD. The proposed light rail network will integrate with current train and bus hubs as well as the City Rail Link's stations and connections. Transport Minister [[Michael Wood (New Zealand politician)|Michael Wood]] also added that the Government would decide on plans to establish a [[Second Harbour Crossing, Auckland|second harbour crossing]] at [[Waitematā Harbour]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Small |first1=Zane |title=$14 billion Auckland light rail bid gets green light, decision on second Waitemata Harbour crossing on 2023 |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/01/14-billion-auckland-light-rail-bid-gets-green-light-decision-on-second-waitemat-harbour-crossing-in-2023.html |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=[[Newshub]] |date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129202949/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/01/14-billion-auckland-light-rail-bid-gets-green-light-decision-on-second-waitemat-harbour-crossing-in-2023.html |archive-date=29 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Auckland light rail tunnel to run to Mt Roskill before following SH20 to the airport |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/460377/auckland-light-rail-tunnel-to-run-to-mt-roskill-before-following-sh20-to-the-airport |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128034022/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/460377/auckland-light-rail-tunnel-to-run-to-mt-roskill-before-following-sh20-to-the-airport |archive-date=28 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Buses ==
== Buses ==
[[File:AT Metro Bus Logo.svg|thumb|150px|AT [[pictogram]] for buses]]
=== Urban services ===
=== Urban services ===
[[File:Auckland bus (48780611041).jpg|thumb|An [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500]] [[double-decker bus]] in the Auckland CBD]]
[[File:Auckland Transport CRRC Electric Bus.JPG|thumb|A [[CRRC]] electric bus with 2023 AT branding]]
[[File:Auckland Howick & Eastern - Enviro500 MMC @ 70, Symonds Street (20240203) (53543777329) (cropped).jpg|thumb|An [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC]] [[double-decker bus]] ]]
[[File:Auckland School Bus 075.jpg|thumb|School bus driving to [[Beach Haven, New Zealand|Beach Haven]]]]
[[File:Auckland Ritchies - Enviro200 XLB @ 95B, Fanshawe Street (20240203) (53543455346) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 XLB]] in the Auckland CBD]]
Buses provide for around 70% of public transport trips in Auckland.<ref name=":1" /> Bus services generally run from around 6am to midnight, with a limited number of buses linking Auckland's suburbs and city centre after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights only, with Northern Express services on the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] on the [[North Shore, Auckland|North Shore]] running half-hourly until 3:00&nbsp;a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1973898/n08_nex_june-2016-web-v3.pdf|access-date=29 July 2017|title=Northern Express|work=Auckland Transport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730142233/https://at.govt.nz/media/1973898/n08_nex_june-2016-web-v3.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Buses provide for around 70% of public transport trips in Auckland.<ref name=":1" /> Bus services generally run from around 6am to midnight, with a limited number of buses linking Auckland's suburbs and city centre after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights only, with Northern Express services on the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] on the [[North Shore, Auckland|North Shore]] running half-hourly until 3:00&nbsp;a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1973898/n08_nex_june-2016-web-v3.pdf|access-date=29 July 2017|title=Northern Express|work=Auckland Transport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730142233/https://at.govt.nz/media/1973898/n08_nex_june-2016-web-v3.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Services are contracted by [[Auckland Transport]] (AT) and operated by a number of private companies, including:
[[File:Apologetic Bus.jpg|thumb|Single decker bus]]
Services are contracted by [[Auckland Transport]] and operated by a number of private companies, including:
*Bayes Coachlines
*Bayes Coachlines
*[[Go Bus Transport|Go Bus]]
*[[Go Bus Transport|Go Bus]]
*[[Transdev Australasia#Howick & Eastern Buses|Howick and Eastern Buses]]
*[[Transdev Australasia#Howick & Eastern Buses|Howick & Eastern Buses]]
*[[NZ Bus]]
*[[NZ Bus]]
*Pavlovich Coachlines
*Pavlovich Transport Solutions
*[[Ritchies Transport]]
*[[Ritchies Transport]]
* Tranzurban Auckland ([[Tranzit Group]]) – contracted operator of NX2 services on the Northern Busway<ref>{{cite web|url= http://auckland.tranzurban.co.nz/about-us|title=About Us {{!}} Tranzurban|year=2018|publisher=Tranzurban|access-date=2 October 2018 |quote=Tranzurban is the newest addition to Tranzit Group and will operate a part of the new North Shore bus network from September 2018 in collaboration with Auckland Transport.}}</ref>
* Tranzurban Auckland ([[Tranzit Group]]) – contracted operator of NX2 services on the Northern Busway<ref>{{cite web|url= http://auckland.tranzurban.co.nz/about-us|title=About Us {{!}} Tranzurban|year=2018|publisher=Tranzurban|access-date=2 October 2018 |quote=Tranzurban is the newest addition to Tranzit Group and will operate a part of the new North Shore bus network from September 2018 in collaboration with Auckland Transport.}}</ref>
*Waiheke bus company (by [[Fullers Group|Fullers]], 5 routes)
*Waiheke Bus Company (by [[Fullers Group|Fullers]], 5 routes)
AT began rebranding bus services to [[AT Metro]] in 2014–2015 to create a single identity for all bus services, with some exceptions like the Link buses which retained their red, green and orange colours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/at-metro-brand-makes-its-debut|title=AT Metro brand makes its debut|date=16 December 2014|work=Auckland Transport|access-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> In 2023, AT began decommissioning the AT Metro brand, replacing it with the refreshed AT brand identity. The livery colours are being retrained.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |date=2024-03-03 |title=Brand identity guidelines |url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/brand-identity-guidelines |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand's first fully electric bus depot unveiled |url=https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/143389/new-zealand-first-electric-bus-depot/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Intelligent Transport |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Auckland bus (48780607881).jpg|thumb|The 2019 Auckland Transport livery]]
[[File:Auckland Tranzit - BCI Citirider @ NX2, Victoria Park (20240202) (53543466601) (cropped).jpg|thumb|A [[BCI CitiRider]] operating as a [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Express]] service]]
Auckland Transport began rebranding bus services to [[AT Metro]] in 2014–2015 to create a single identity for all bus services, with some exceptions like the Link buses which retained their red, green and orange colours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/at-metro-brand-makes-its-debut|title=AT Metro brand makes its debut|date=16 December 2014|work=Auckland Transport|access-date=11 June 2016}}</ref>

There are five Link services; all accept fare payment by AT HOP card or cash and all run from early morning to late evening, 7 days of the week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/link-bus-service/|access-date=8 July 2018|title=Link bus service|publisher=Auckland Transport}}</ref>
There are five Link services; all accept fare payment by AT HOP card or cash and all run from early morning to late evening, 7 days of the week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/link-bus-service/|access-date=8 July 2018|title=Link bus service|publisher=Auckland Transport}}</ref>
*CityLink – red electric buses; [[Wynyard Quarter]] – [[Queen Street, Auckland|Queen Street]] – [[Karangahape Road]]
*CityLink – red electric buses; [[Wynyard Quarter]] – [[Queen Street, Auckland|Queen Street]] – [[Karangahape Road]]
*InnerLink – green buses – both way loop; Britomart – [[Parnell, Auckland|Parnell]] – Newmarket – Karangahape Road – [[Ponsonby Road]] – [[Victoria Park, Auckland|Victoria Park]] – Britomart.
*InnerLink – green buses – both way loop; Waitematā – [[Parnell, Auckland|Parnell]] – Newmarket – Karangahape Road – [[Ponsonby Road]] – [[Victoria Park, Auckland|Victoria Park]] – Waitematā.
*OuterLink – amber buses – both way loop; [[Wellesley Street, Auckland|Wellesley Street]] – Parnell – Newmarket – Mount Eden – Mount Albert – Westmere – Herne Bay – Wellesley Street.
*OuterLink – amber buses – both way loop; [[Wellesley Street, Auckland|Wellesley Street]] – Parnell – Newmarket – Mount Eden – Mount Albert – Westmere – Herne Bay – Wellesley Street.
*TāmakiLink – blue electric buses; Britomart – [[Spark Arena]] – [[Kelly Tarlton's Sea Life Aquarium]] – [[Mission Bay, New Zealand|Mission Bay]] – [[Kohimarama|Kohimarama Beach]] – [[Saint Heliers|St Heliers Bay]] – [[Glen Innes, New Zealand|Glen Innes]].
*TāmakiLink – blue electric buses; Waitematā – [[Spark Arena]] – [[Kelly Tarlton's Sea Life Aquarium]] – [[Mission Bay, New Zealand|Mission Bay]] – [[Kohimarama|Kohimarama Beach]] – [[Saint Heliers|St Heliers Bay]] – [[Glen Innes, New Zealand|Glen Innes]].
*AirportLink – orange electric buses; [[Manukau]] - Puhinui - [[Auckland Airport]]
*AirportLink – orange electric buses; [[Manukau]] Puhinui [[Auckland Airport]]


=== Airport services ===
=== Airport services ===
The AirportLink bus provides a connection to [[Puhinui railway station]] where [[Southern Line (Auckland)|Southern Line]] or [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Eastern Line]] services connect from [[Waitematā railway station|Britomart]] in downtown Auckland. It also serves [[Manukau railway station]] to provide connections to the east. Bus 38 connects the Airport to [[Māngere]] and [[Onehunga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/airport-services |title=Airport Services |website=Auckland Transport |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref>
The AirportLink bus provides a connection to [[Puhinui railway station]] where [[Southern Line (Auckland)|Southern Line]] or [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Eastern Line]] services connect from [[Waitematā railway station|Waitematā]] in downtown Auckland. It also serves [[Manukau railway station]] to provide connections to the east. Bus 38 connects the Airport to [[Māngere]] and [[Onehunga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/airport-services |title=Airport Services |website=Auckland Transport |accessdate=13 July 2023}}</ref>


The SkyDrive bus provides a direct bus connection between Auckland Airport and Auckland CBD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Granville |first=Alan |date=2022-05-01 |title=Welcome to New Zealand, here's how to escape the airport |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/128491969/welcome-to-new-zealand-heres-how-to-escape-the-airport |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> Previously, [[SkyBus (airport bus)|SkyBus]] provided direct bus services, however the service ceased due to the Covid-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brooks |first=Sam |date=2021-12-17 |title=Alert: There is no airport bus service in Auckland or Wellington |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/17-12-2021/alert-there-is-no-airport-bus-service-in-auckland-or-wellington |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=The Spinoff |language=en}}</ref>
The SkyDrive bus provides a direct bus connection between Auckland Airport and Auckland CBD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Granville |first=Alan |date=2022-05-01 |title=Welcome to New Zealand, here's how to escape the airport |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/128491969/welcome-to-new-zealand-heres-how-to-escape-the-airport |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> Previously, [[SkyBus (airport bus)|SkyBus]] provided direct bus services, however the service ceased due to the Covid-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brooks |first=Sam |date=2021-12-17 |title=Alert: There is no airport bus service in Auckland or Wellington |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/17-12-2021/alert-there-is-no-airport-bus-service-in-auckland-or-wellington |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=The Spinoff |language=en}}</ref>
Line 118: Line 119:
At peak hours express buses serve commuters from the outlying towns north and south of Auckland.
At peak hours express buses serve commuters from the outlying towns north and south of Auckland.


Express bus 125X takes up to 2 hours<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 February 2019|title=Western Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1979443/wn01_westgate_feb-2019-web.pdf|website=AT}}</ref> to cover the {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} from [[Helensville]] to Auckland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helensville to Hobson Street|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Helensville,+Auckland/Hobson+Street,+Auckland+CBD,+Auckland+1010/@-36.747507,174.4638284,11z/am=t/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d106886a29e8b:0x500ef6143a2cb40!2m2!1d174.452261!2d-36.6740836!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d47f0292c10d5:0x4089549fa17dea9c!2m2!1d174.7610998!2d-36.8493157!3e0|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Google maps|language=en}}</ref>
Express bus 125X took up to 2 hours<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 February 2019|title=Western Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1979443/wn01_westgate_feb-2019-web.pdf|website=AT}}</ref> to cover the {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} from [[Helensville]] to Auckland. However, this route is no longer operated since November 2023 as part of a West Auckland network change.


Mahu City Express has run a commuter bus from [[Snells Beach]] to Parnell<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Luxury Commuting On eCoaches. Round-Trip Bus From Auckland to Warkworth|url=https://www.mahucityexpress.co.nz/luxury-commuting/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Mahu City Express|language=en-NZ}}</ref> since October 2015. It runs twice a day, Monday to Friday, taking about an hour<ref name=":3" /> for the {{Convert|57|km|abbr=on}} from [[Warkworth, New Zealand|Warkworth]] to Victoria Park,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victoria Park to Warkworth|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Victoria+Park+Victoria+Street+West,+Auckland+CBD,+Auckland/Warkworth/@-36.621648,174.4236851,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d47f31feff2f1:0xf00ef62249cbf80!2m2!1d174.754178!2d-36.8469198!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0cdef4c6be300b:0x500ef6143a31830!2m2!1d174.6605976!2d-36.3970407!3e0|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Google maps|language=en}}</ref> with stops at [[Smales Farm busway station|Smales Farm]] and Akoranga.<ref name=":3" /> Since 1 March 2021 the first electric luxury coach in the country has been on the route.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2021|title=Mahu City Express launches electric coach service|url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/mahurangi-news/mahu-city-express-launches-electric-coach-service/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Local Matters|language=en-US}}</ref> It uses a 40-seat [[Yutong TCe12]], bought with the aid of a $352,500 [[Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority|EECA]] grant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2021|title=Herald of the Future - Mahu City Express, NZ|url=https://www.busnews.com.au/industry-news/2104/herald-of-the-future-mahu-city-express-nz|access-date=2 November 2021|website=BusNews.com.au|language=en}}</ref>
Mahu City Express has run a commuter bus from [[Snells Beach]] to Parnell<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Luxury Commuting On eCoaches. Round-Trip Bus From Auckland to Warkworth|url=https://www.mahucityexpress.co.nz/luxury-commuting/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Mahu City Express|language=en-NZ}}</ref> since October 2015. It runs twice a day, Monday to Friday, taking about an hour<ref name=":3" /> for the {{Convert|57|km|abbr=on}} from [[Warkworth, New Zealand|Warkworth]] to Victoria Park,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victoria Park to Warkworth|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Victoria+Park+Victoria+Street+West,+Auckland+CBD,+Auckland/Warkworth/@-36.621648,174.4236851,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0d47f31feff2f1:0xf00ef62249cbf80!2m2!1d174.754178!2d-36.8469198!1m5!1m1!1s0x6d0cdef4c6be300b:0x500ef6143a31830!2m2!1d174.6605976!2d-36.3970407!3e0|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Google maps|language=en}}</ref> with stops at [[Smales Farm busway station|Smales Farm]] and Akoranga.<ref name=":3" /> Since 1 March 2021 the first electric luxury coach in the country has been on the route.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2021|title=Mahu City Express launches electric coach service|url=https://www.localmatters.co.nz/mahurangi-news/mahu-city-express-launches-electric-coach-service/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Local Matters|language=en-US}}</ref> It uses a 40-seat [[Yutong TCe12]], bought with the aid of a $352,500 [[Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority|EECA]] grant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2021|title=Herald of the Future Mahu City Express, NZ|url=https://www.busnews.com.au/industry-news/2104/herald-of-the-future-mahu-city-express-nz|access-date=2 November 2021|website=BusNews.com.au|language=en}}</ref>


Bus 995 runs hourly, linking Warkworth to Hibiscus Coast busway station,<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2019|title=Warkworth Kowhai Coast Wellsford Northern Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1985069/nn10_warkworth_oct-2019-web-v2.pdf|website=AT}}</ref> with connection to the Northern Express, taking a bit over an hour to Auckland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Journey planner|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/journey-planner/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Auckland Transport|language=en-nz}}</ref>
Bus 995 runs hourly, linking Warkworth to Hibiscus Coast busway station,<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2019|title=Warkworth Kowhai Coast Wellsford Northern Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1985069/nn10_warkworth_oct-2019-web-v2.pdf|website=AT}}</ref> with connection to the Northern Express, taking a bit over an hour to Auckland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Journey planner|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/journey-planner/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Auckland Transport|language=en-nz}}</ref>


[[Waiuku]]'s bus 395 links it to Papakura railway station twice a day.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2021|title=Southern Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1986258/j004667_sno2_pukekohe-waiuku-timetable_web_jul21-v2.pdf|website=AT}}</ref>
[[Waiuku]]'s bus 395 links it to Papakura railway station twice a day.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 July 2021|title=Southern Bus Timetable|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1986258/j004667_sno2_pukekohe-waiuku-timetable_web_jul21-v2.pdf|website=AT}}</ref>
[[File:InterCity_Volvo_B11R,_(ex_Manabus)_at_Skycity_in_2021.jpg|thumb|InterCity [[Volvo B11R]], (ex [[ManaBus.com|ManaBus]]) at Skycity in 2021, going to [[Tauranga]]]]
[[File:InterCity_Volvo_B11R,_(ex_Manabus)_at_Skycity_in_2021.jpg|thumb|InterCity [[Volvo B11R]] (ex. [[ManaBus.com|ManaBus]]) at SkyCity in 2021, going to [[Tauranga]]]]


=== Long-distance services ===
=== Long-distance services ===
Long-distance bus operator [[Intercity (New Zealand)|Intercity]] links Auckland with all the main centres in the [[North Island]],<ref>[http://www.intercity.co.nz/bookings/ Bookings] (from the [[Intercity (New Zealand)|Intercity]] website. Retrieved 16 February 2008.)</ref> also operating the budget-orientated SKIP Bus services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=12163946|access-date=15 January 2019|title=New budget coach service, Skip, hits North Island roads|date=21 November 2018|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> Skip buses were suspended from 25 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Updates|url=https://entradatravelgroup.com/entrada-travel-group-covid-19-updates/|access-date=29 April 2021|website=Entrada Travel Group|language=en-NZ}}</ref> Until 18 August 1996 InterCity services operated from Auckland railway station. Since then they have run from [[Skycity Auckland|Skycity]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=InterCity NZ|url=https://www.facebook.com/InterCityNZ/photos/a.285413063184/10159616629428185/|access-date=17 August 2021|website=facebook.com|language=en}}</ref> Skycity wants the bus station to move and it has been criticised for diesel fumes and poor toilets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 February 2020|title=Auckland's Wonderful Long-Distance Bus Terminal|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2020/02/25/aucklands-wonderful-long-distance-bus-terminal/|access-date=17 August 2021|website=Greater Auckland|language=en-NZ}}</ref> However, InterCity rejected a move to Manukau and, in 2020, plans to move back to the old railway station were dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 April 2020|title=Contested plan for bus terminal on Auckland Māori land dropped|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-government/120800342/contested-plan-for-bus-terminal-on-auckland-mori-land-dropped|access-date=17 August 2021|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref>
Long-distance bus operator [[InterCity (New Zealand)|InterCity]] links Auckland with all the main centres in the [[North Island]],<ref>[http://www.intercity.co.nz/bookings/ Bookings] (from the [[InterCity (New Zealand)|InterCity]] website. Retrieved 16 February 2008.)</ref> also operating the budget-orientated SKIP Bus services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=12163946|access-date=15 January 2019|title=New budget coach service, Skip, hits North Island roads|date=21 November 2018|work=[[New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> Skip buses were suspended from 25 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Updates|url=https://entradatravelgroup.com/entrada-travel-group-covid-19-updates/|access-date=29 April 2021|website=[[Entrada Travel Group]]|language=en-NZ}}</ref> Until 18 August 1996 InterCity services operated from Auckland railway station. Since then they have run from [[SkyCity Auckland|SkyCity]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=InterCity NZ|url=https://www.facebook.com/InterCityNZ/photos/a.285413063184/10159616629428185/|access-date=17 August 2021|website=[[Facebook]]|language=en}}</ref> SkyCity wants the bus station to move and it has been criticised for diesel fumes and poor toilets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 February 2020|title=Auckland's Wonderful Long-Distance Bus Terminal|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2020/02/25/aucklands-wonderful-long-distance-bus-terminal/|access-date=17 August 2021|website=Greater Auckland|language=en-NZ}}</ref> However, InterCity rejected a move to Manukau and, in 2020, plans to move back to the old railway station were dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 April 2020|title=Contested plan for bus terminal on Auckland Māori land dropped|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-government/120800342/contested-plan-for-bus-terminal-on-auckland-mori-land-dropped|access-date=17 August 2021|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref>


=== Night services ===
=== Night services ===
There are a total of 15 routes as part of the Night Bus and Northern Express bus services which [[Night service (public transport)|operate on Friday and Saturday nights between the hours of 00:00 and 03:30]].<ref name = nightb/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1980980/nr_night-bus_august-2019-web.pdf|title=Night Bus. Fri & Sat Nights (Effective from August 2019)|date=2019-08-01|website=[[Auckland Transport]] |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> Most routes depart the city centre on an hourly basis although the Northern Express bus route NX1 is more frequent.<ref name = nightb>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/night-bus/|title=Night bus|website=[[Auckland Transport]] |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> The night bus services were paused during COVID but returned on 2 December 2021 when AT’s Group Manager Metro Services Stacey van der Putten noted that AT was "bringing back a wide range of our ‘Night Buses’ services this weekend to help support our city’s hospitality sector and to make it easier for town-goers and hospitality workers alike to get home safely and affordably in the early hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/at-brings-back-night-buses-to-support-the-city-s-hospitality-sector/|date=2021-12-02|title=AT brings back Night Buses to support the city's hospitality sector|website=[[Auckland Transport]] |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref>
There are a total of 15 routes as part of the Night Bus and Northern Express bus services which [[Night service (public transport)|operate on Friday and Saturday nights between the hours of 00:00 and 03:30]].<ref name = nightb/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1980980/nr_night-bus_august-2019-web.pdf|title=Night Bus. Fri & Sat Nights (Effective from August 2019)|date=2019-08-01|website=[[Auckland Transport]] |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> Most routes depart the city centre on an hourly basis although the Northern Express bus route NX1 is more frequent.<ref name = nightb>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/bus-services/night-bus/|title=Night bus|website=[[Auckland Transport]] |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> The night bus services were paused during COVID but returned on 2 December 2021 when AT's Group Manager Metro Services Stacey van der Putten noted that AT was "bringing back a wide range of our 'Night Buses' services this weekend to help support our city's hospitality sector and to make it easier for town-goers and hospitality workers alike to get home safely and affordably in the early hours."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/at-brings-back-night-buses-to-support-the-city-s-hospitality-sector/|date=2021-12-02|title=AT brings back Night Buses to support the city's hospitality sector|website=[[Auckland Transport]] |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref>

=== Busiest routes ===
The following table shows the 20 busiest bus routes in Auckland by boardings in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AT Metro bus performance report – January 2023 to December 2023 |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/24boon21/bus-performance-report-for-january-2023-to-december-2023.xlsx |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[Auckland Transport]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Rank
!Route
!Description
!Annual patronage (2023)
|-
|1
|'''NX1'''
|[[Hibiscus Coast busway station|Hibiscus Coast Station]] to [[Waitematā railway station|Britomart]] via [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]]. One of two Northern Express services.
|3,770,829
|-
|2
|'''70'''
|[[Botany Town Centre|Botany]] to [[Waitematā railway station|Britomart]] via [[Pakuranga]], [[Panmure, New Zealand|Panmure]], and [[Ellerslie, New Zealand|Ellerslie]]
|3,637,401
|-
|3
|'''NX2'''
|[[Albany busway station|Albany Station]] to City universities via Northern Busway. One of two Northern Express services.
|2,419,166
|-
|4
|'''OUT'''
|Outer Link: Wellesley St, [[Parnell, New Zealand|Parnell]], [[Newmarket, New Zealand|Newmarket]], [[Mount Eden|Mountt Eden]], [[St Lukes, New Zealand|Saint Lukes]], [[Point Chevalier]], [[Westmere, New Zealand|Westmere]], Wellesley St
|1,912,971
|-
|5
|'''75'''
|[[Glen Innes, New Zealand|Glen Innes]] to [[Wynyard Quarter]] via Remuera Road
|1,512,735
|-
|6
|'''INN'''
|Inner Link: [[Waitematā railway station|Britomart]], Parnell, Newmarket, [[Karangahape Road]], [[Ponsonby, New Zealand|Ponsonby]], Britomart
|1,480,555
|-
|7
|'''18'''
|[[New Lynn]] to City Centre via [[Great North Road, Auckland|Great North Road]]
|1,411,332
|-
|8
|'''30'''
|[[Onehunga]] to City Centre via Manukau Road
|1,297,167
|-
|9
|'''25B'''
|[[Blockhouse Bay]] to City Centre via [[Dominion Road]]
|1,037,158
|-
|10
|'''25L'''
|[[Lynfield, New Zealand|Lynfield]] to City Centre via Dominion Road
|999,425
|-
|11
|'''33'''
|[[Papakura]] to [[Ōtāhuhu]] via [[Great South Road, New Zealand|Great South Road]]
|874,883
|-
|12
|'''83'''
|[[Albany, New Zealand|Albany]] to [[Takapuna]] via [[Browns Bay, New Zealand|Browns Bay]] and Constellation station
|847,337
|-
|13
|'''66'''
|[[Sylvia Park]] to [[Point Chevalier]] via [[Royal Oak, New Zealand|Royal Oak]] and [[Mount Albert, New Zealand|Mt Albert]]
|843,119
|-
|14
|'''27W'''
|[[Waikōwhai|Waikowhai]] to City Centre via Oakdale Road and Mount Eden Road
|810,532
|-
|15
|'''24B'''
|New Lynn to City Centre via Blockhouse Bay and Sandringham Road
|805,524
|-
|16
|'''27H'''
|Waikowhai to City Centre via Hillsborough Road and Mount Eden Road
|753,950
|-
|17
|'''CTY'''
|City Link: Wynyard Quarter to Karangahape Road via [[Queen Street, Auckland|Queen St]]
|726,372
|-
|18
|'''22R'''
|[[Rosebank, Auckland|Rosebank Road]] to City Centre via [[New North Road, New Zealand|New North Road]]
|692,586
|-
|19
|'''24R'''
|New Lynn to City Centre via Richardson Road and Sandringham Roadd
|690.807
|-
|20
|'''120'''
|[[Henderson, New Zealand|Henderson]] to [[Constellation busway station|Constellation Station]] via [[Upper Harbour Bridge]]
|658,109
|}


== Trains ==
== Trains ==
[[File:AT Metro Train Logo.svg|thumb|150px|AT [[pictogram]] for trains]]
[[File:AucklandRailMap.png|right|400px|thumb|Lines and active projects on the Auckland rail network]]
[[File:AucklandRailMap.png|right|400px|thumb|Lines and active projects on the Auckland rail network]]
[[File:Auckland Rail Network.png|right|400px|thumb|Auckland rail network map as of July 2015]]
[[File:Auckland Rail Network.png|right|400px|thumb|Auckland rail network map as of July 2015]]

{{Main|Light rail in Auckland|City Rail Link|Auckland railway electrification}}
{{Main|Light rail in Auckland|City Rail Link|Auckland railway electrification}}

=== Urban services ===
=== Urban services ===
Auckland's urban [[train]] services are operated under the AT brand by [[Auckland One Rail]]. Trains and stations are owned by [[Auckland Transport]], while tracks and other rail infrastructure are owned by [[KiwiRail]].
Auckland's urban [[train]] services are operated under the AT brand by [[Auckland One Rail]]. Trains and stations are owned by [[Auckland Transport]], while tracks and other rail infrastructure are owned by [[KiwiRail]].
Line 153: Line 263:


====Services====
====Services====
There are four commuter rail lines:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2018/07/31/august-18-train-timetable-change/|title=August-18 train timetable change|date=31 July 2018|website=Greater Auckland|language=en-US|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref>
There are four commuter rail lines:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2018/07/31/august-18-train-timetable-change/|title=August-18 train timetable change|date=31 July 2018|website=Greater Auckland|language=en-US|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Timetables |url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/timetables |website=Auckland Transport |access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Onehunga Line Change |url=https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2022/06/20/the-onehunga-line-change/ |date=20 June 2022 |website=Greater Auckland |access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |
!
! Line
! rowspan="2" | Line
! colspan="2" | Frequency
! Frequency (off-peak)
! Calling at
! rowspan="2" | Calling at
! Notes
! rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
|-
!Peak
| style="background:#ffbb05;" |
!Off-peak
|-
| style="background:#fdb913;" |
| [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Eastern Line]]
| [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Eastern Line]]
| 3&nbsp;tph
| 6 tph
| 3 tph
| [[Waitematā railway station|Waitematā]], [[Ōrākei railway station|Ōrākei]], [[Meadowbank railway station, Auckland|Meadowbank]], [[Glen Innes railway station|Glen Innes]], [[Panmure railway station, Auckland|Panmure]], [[Sylvia Park railway station|Sylvia Park]], [[Ōtāhuhu railway station|Ōtāhuhu]], [[Middlemore railway station|Middlemore]], [[Papatoetoe railway station|Papatoetoe]], [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]], [[Manukau railway station|Manukau]]
| [[Waitematā railway station|Waitematā]], [[Ōrākei railway station|Ōrākei]], [[Meadowbank railway station, Auckland|Meadowbank]], [[Glen Innes railway station|Glen Innes]], [[Panmure railway station, Auckland|Panmure]], [[Sylvia Park railway station|Sylvia Park]], [[Ōtāhuhu railway station|Ōtāhuhu]], [[Middlemore railway station|Middlemore]], [[Papatoetoe railway station|Papatoetoe]], [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]], [[Manukau railway station|Manukau]]
|
|
|-
|-
| style="background:#ce0808;" |
| style="background:#ee2e27;" |
| [[Southern Line (Auckland)|Southern Line]]
| [[Southern Line (Auckland)|Southern Line]]
| 3&nbsp;tph
| 6 tph
| 3 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Waitematā]], [[Parnell railway station|Parnell]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Remuera railway station|Remuera]], [[Greenlane railway station|Greenlane]], [[Ellerslie railway station|Ellerslie]], [[Penrose railway station, Auckland|Penrose]], [[Ōtāhuhu railway station|Ōtāhuhu]], [[Middlemore railway station|Middlemore]], [[Papatoetoe railway station|Papatoetoe]], [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]], [[Homai railway station|Homai]], [[Manurewa railway station|Manurewa]], [[Te Mahia railway station|Te Mahia]], [[Takanini railway station|Takaanini]], [[Papakura railway station|Papakura]], [[Pukekohe railway station|<s>Pukekohe</s>]]
| [[Waitematā railway station|Waitematā]], [[Parnell railway station|Parnell]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Remuera railway station|Remuera]], [[Greenlane railway station|Greenlane]], [[Ellerslie railway station|Ellerslie]], [[Penrose railway station, Auckland|Penrose]], [[Ōtāhuhu railway station|Ōtāhuhu]], [[Middlemore railway station|Middlemore]], [[Papatoetoe railway station|Papatoetoe]], [[Puhinui railway station|Puhinui]], [[Homai railway station|Homai]], [[Manurewa railway station|Manurewa]], [[Te Mahia railway station|Te Mahia]], [[Takanini railway station|Takaanini]], [[Papakura railway station|Papakura]], [[Pukekohe railway station|<s>Pukekohe</s>]]
|
|
|-
|-
| style="background:#33cc00;" |
| style="background:#97c93d;" |
| [[Western Line (Auckland)|Western Line]]
| [[Western Line (Auckland)|Western Line]]
| 3&nbsp;tph
| 6 tph
| 3 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Waitematā]], [[Parnell railway station|Parnell]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Grafton railway station, Auckland|Grafton]], [[Mount Eden railway station|<s>Maungawhau</s>]], [[Kingsland railway station, Auckland|Kingsland]], [[Morningside railway station, Auckland|Morningside]], [[Baldwin Avenue railway station|Baldwin Avenue]], [[Mount Albert railway station|Mount Albert]], [[Avondale railway station, Auckland|Avondale]], [[New Lynn railway station|New Lynn]], [[Fruitvale Road railway station|Fruitvale Road]], [[Glen Eden railway station|Glen Eden]], [[Sunnyvale railway station|Sunnyvale]], [[Henderson railway station|Henderson]], [[Sturges Road railway station|Sturges Road]], [[Ranui railway station|Rānui]], [[Swanson railway station|Swanson]]
| [[Waitematā railway station|Waitematā]], [[Parnell railway station|Parnell]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Grafton railway station, Auckland|Grafton]], [[Mount Eden railway station|<s>Maungawhau</s>]], [[Kingsland railway station, Auckland|Kingsland]], [[Morningside railway station, Auckland|Morningside]], [[Baldwin Avenue railway station|Baldwin Avenue]], [[Mount Albert railway station|Mount Albert]], [[Avondale railway station, Auckland|Avondale]], [[New Lynn railway station|New Lynn]], [[Fruitvale Road railway station|Fruitvale Road]], [[Glen Eden railway station|Glen Eden]], [[Sunnyvale railway station|Sunnyvale]], [[Henderson railway station|Henderson]], [[Sturges Road railway station|Sturges Road]], [[Ranui railway station|Rānui]], [[Swanson railway station|Swanson]]
| Trains reverse at Newmarket.
| Trains reverse at Newmarket
|-
|-
| style="background:#00BFFF;" |
| style="background:#00aeef;" |
| [[Onehunga Line]]
| [[Onehunga Line]]
| 2&nbsp;tph
| colspan="2" | 2 tph
| [[Britomart Transport Centre|Waitematā]], [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Remuera railway station|Remuera]]†, [[Greenlane railway station|Greenlane]]†, [[Ellerslie railway station|Ellerslie]], [[Penrose railway station, Auckland|Penrose]], [[Te Papapa railway station|Te Papapa]], [[Onehunga railway station|Onehunga]]
| [[Newmarket railway station, Auckland|Newmarket]], [[Remuera railway station|Remuera]]†, [[Greenlane railway station|Greenlane]]†, [[Ellerslie railway station|Ellerslie]], [[Penrose railway station, Auckland|Penrose]], [[Te Papapa railway station|Te Papapa]], [[Onehunga railway station|Onehunga]]
|
|
|-
|-
| colspan=5| <small>tph = trains per hour</small>
| colspan="6" | <small>tph = trains per hour</small><br /><small>† station served at evenings only</small>
<small>Maungawhau station is closed until 2024 for City Rail Link construction.<br />†station served at evenings only.<br />Pukekohe station is closed for redevelopment until 2024.</small>
<small>Maungawhau station is closed until 2024 for City Rail Link construction.<br />Pukekohe station is closed for redevelopment until 2024.</small>
|}
|}


====Rolling stock====
====Rolling stock====
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
!rowspan="2"|Class
!rowspan="2"|Class
!rowspan="2"|Image
!rowspan="2"|Image
Line 213: Line 328:
| 72
| 72
| 3
| 3
| [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Eastern Line]]<br />[[Onehunga Line]]<br />[[Southern Line (Auckland)|Southern Line]] (Britomart–Papakura)<br />[[Western Line (Auckland)|Western Line]]
| [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Eastern Line]]<br />[[Onehunga Line]]<br />[[Southern Line (Auckland)|Southern Line]] (Waitematā–Papakura)<br />[[Western Line (Auckland)|Western Line]]
| 2013–2020
| 2013–2020
|}
|}
Line 231: Line 346:
* A ''[[Southern Line (Auckland)#Third Main Line|Third Main Line]]'' between [[Wiri railway station|Wiri]] and Westfield to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains on that section<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/333106/rail-proposal-that-minister-s-office-tried-to-block-released|title=Rail proposal that Minister's office tried to block released|date=15 June 2017|work=Radio New Zealand|access-date=4 July 2017|language=en-nz}}</ref>
* A ''[[Southern Line (Auckland)#Third Main Line|Third Main Line]]'' between [[Wiri railway station|Wiri]] and Westfield to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains on that section<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/333106/rail-proposal-that-minister-s-office-tried-to-block-released|title=Rail proposal that Minister's office tried to block released|date=15 June 2017|work=Radio New Zealand|access-date=4 July 2017|language=en-nz}}</ref>
* Extension of rail across Waitematā Harbour to the [[North Shore Line, New Zealand|North Shore]]<ref name="HALLE">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10450782 |title=Brian Rudman: Hallelujah, talk before bulldozers |author=Rudman, Brian |author-link=Brian Rudman |date=11 July 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> and possible conversion of the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] to [[light rail]]<ref name=":0" />
* Extension of rail across Waitematā Harbour to the [[North Shore Line, New Zealand|North Shore]]<ref name="HALLE">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10450782 |title=Brian Rudman: Hallelujah, talk before bulldozers |author=Rudman, Brian |author-link=Brian Rudman |date=11 July 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> and possible conversion of the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]] to [[light rail]]<ref name=":0" />
In 2020, the government announced funding for electrification of the railway line from Papakura to Pukekohe, new railway stations at Drury, a third main line and improvements to the Wiri - Quay Park corridor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/408385/govt-s-12b-infrastructure-spend-rail-roads-and-dhbs-the-big-winners|title=Govt's $12b infrastructure spend: Rail, roads and DHBs the big winners|author=Jane Paterson|website=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
In 2020, the government announced funding for electrification of the railway line from Papakura to Pukekohe, new railway stations at Drury, a third main line and improvements to the Wiri Quay Park corridor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/408385/govt-s-12b-infrastructure-spend-rail-roads-and-dhbs-the-big-winners|title=Govt's $12b infrastructure spend: Rail, roads and DHBs the big winners|author=Jane Paterson|website=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>


In 2022, AT announced 23 new electric commuter trains would be added to its fleet, taking it to 95 in total.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Niall |first1=Todd |title=Auckland rail: 23 new commuter trains, costing $330m, take city fleet to 95 |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/local-government/127650968/auckland-rail-23-new-commuter-trains-costing-330m-take-city-fleet-to-95 |date=2022-02-01 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.stuff.co.nz}}</ref>
== Ferries ==
[[File:IV Ika Kakahi.jpg|thumb|''Ika Kākahi'', one of Auckland's newer ferries]]


=== Network map ===
{{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid = Q126273306
| frame-lat = -36.9
| frame-long = 174.82
| frame-width = 850
| frame-height = 700
| zoom = 11
| length = yes
}}

== Ferries ==
[[File:AT Metro Ferry Logo.svg|thumb|150px|AT [[pictogram]] for ferries]]
[[File:Wanderer (Auckland Ferry).jpg|thumb|''Wanderer'', one of four upgraded ferries owned by AT since 2022]]
=== History ===
=== History ===
The first official ferry started in 1854, the first steam ferry in 1860,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timespanner.blogspot.co.nz/2010/10/waitemata-ferries-remembered-at.html|title=Waitemata ferries remembered at Devonport Library|website=timespanner.blogspot.co.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> the first scheduled ferry in 1865, Auckland & North Shore Steam Ferry Co in 1869, Devonport Steam Ferry Company in 1885, a vehicle ferry in 1911 and North Shore Ferries in 1959.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/council/documents/districtplannorthshore/changes/pc38northshorethermaticreviewvol2.pdf|title=North Shore Heritage – Thematic Review Report|date=July 2011|website=Auckland Council|isbn=978-1-927169-23-0 |last1=Council |first1=Auckland (N. Z. ). |publisher=Auckland City Council }}</ref>
The first official ferry started in 1854, the first steam ferry in 1860,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timespanner.blogspot.co.nz/2010/10/waitemata-ferries-remembered-at.html|title=Waitemata ferries remembered at Devonport Library|website=timespanner.blogspot.co.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> the first scheduled ferry in 1865, Auckland & North Shore Steam Ferry Co in 1869, Devonport Steam Ferry Company in 1885, a vehicle ferry in 1911 and North Shore Ferries in 1959.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/council/documents/districtplannorthshore/changes/pc38northshorethermaticreviewvol2.pdf|title=North Shore Heritage – Thematic Review Report|date=July 2011|website=Auckland Council|isbn=978-1-927169-23-0 |last1=Council |first1=Auckland (N. Z. ). |publisher=Auckland City Council }}</ref>


In 1981 George and Douglas Hudson bought North Shore Ferries and Waiheke Shipping Co. In 1984 they founded Gulf Ferries, and their first [[Catamaran#Passenger transport|catamaran]], the $3m Quickcat, cut the Waiheke ferry time from 75 minutes to 40,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/fullersferries/docs/hq__less__fullers_captain_mag_52pp_|title=Captain magazine, summer 2015|work=Issuu|access-date=25 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> with Fullers putting Kea on the Devonport route from 1988.<ref name=":2" /> [[Fullers Bay of Islands|Fullers Corporation]] was mainly operating cruises and, in 1987, when they introduced Supercat III,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/izvessel.php?ID=49020204&name=SUPERCAT&db=&dm=&ds=&dh=&gsn=&owner=&num=&sh=&st=&sd=&svv=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&tot=6&wds=&pix=0&sourceid=&refid=&hit=6|title=New Zealand Maritime Index from NZNMM|website=nzmaritimeindex.org.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> they were refused a licence to compete on Waiheke commuter trips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://atrf.info/papers/1988/1988_Baxter_Gammie.pdf|title=Review of NZ Passenger Licensing System|last=Brlan Baxter|first=Fergus Gammie|date=1988}}</ref> The Hudsons bought Fullers from its 1988 receivership<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6-8BQAAQBAJ&q=%22Fullers+Corporation%22+Ltd&pg=PT90|title=Who Pays the Ferryman?|last=Pedersen|first=Roy|date=1 September 2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=9780857906038|language=en}}</ref> and formed [[Fullers Group]] Ltd in 1994 and Stagecoach took a majority holding in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omnibus.org.nz/buslocation/hino/rb145.html|title=Omnibus Society - Hino RB145 buses|last=Butler|first=Michael|website=omnibus.org.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> In 2009, [[Brian Souter#Souter Holdings|Souter Holdings]] purchased Fullers Group and also 360 Discovery Cruises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fullers.co.nz/about-us/our-history/|title=Our History|website=FullersFerries|language=en|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref>[[File:AucklandFerryRoutes.png|thumb|right|Ferry routes in 2007]]
In 1981 George and Douglas Hudson bought North Shore Ferries and Waiheke Shipping Co. In 1984 they founded Gulf Ferries, and their first [[Catamaran#Passenger transport|catamaran]], the $3m Quickcat, cut the Waiheke ferry time from 75 minutes to 40,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/fullersferries/docs/hq__less__fullers_captain_mag_52pp_|title=Captain magazine, summer 2015|work=Issuu|access-date=25 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> with Fullers putting Kea on the Devonport route from 1988.<ref name=":2" /> [[Fullers Bay of Islands|Fullers Corporation]] was mainly operating cruises and, in 1987, when they introduced Supercat III,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/izvessel.php?ID=49020204&name=SUPERCAT&db=&dm=&ds=&dh=&gsn=&owner=&num=&sh=&st=&sd=&svv=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&tot=6&wds=&pix=0&sourceid=&refid=&hit=6|title=New Zealand Maritime Index from NZNMM|website=nzmaritimeindex.org.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> they were refused a licence to compete on Waiheke commuter trips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://atrf.info/papers/1988/1988_Baxter_Gammie.pdf|title=Review of NZ Passenger Licensing System|last=Brlan Baxter|first=Fergus Gammie|date=1988}}</ref> The Hudsons bought Fullers from its 1988 receivership<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6-8BQAAQBAJ&q=%22Fullers+Corporation%22+Ltd&pg=PT90|title=Who Pays the Ferryman?|last=Pedersen|first=Roy|date=1 September 2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=9780857906038|language=en}}</ref> and formed [[Fullers Group]] Ltd in 1994 and Stagecoach took a majority holding in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omnibus.org.nz/buslocation/hino/rb145.html|title=Omnibus Society - Hino RB145 buses|last=Butler|first=Michael|website=omnibus.org.nz|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> In 2009, [[Brian Souter#Souter Holdings|Souter Holdings]] purchased Fullers Group and also 360 Discovery Cruises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fullers.co.nz/about-us/our-history/|title=Our History|website=FullersFerries|language=en|access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref>

In 2022, Auckland Transport (AT) purchased four diesel ferries that were in dire need of repair from Fullers, and is upgrading them to reduce their emissions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title='Absolute mess': Questions over $351m Auckland ferry deal despite cancelled services |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/auckland-ferries-services-cancelled-after-fullers-awarded-350-million-contract-by-auckland-transport/IO4KDWDBZJAKNN523BTPZT5IGY/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuff |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/129283230 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.stuff.co.nz}}</ref> There are plans to commission five new electric and hybrid-electric ferries, with the first two expected to arrive in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |title=Auckland's first electric ferry is on track to be on the water in 2024 |url=https://at.govt.nzhttps//at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/media-centre/2022-media-releases/auckland-s-first-electric-ferry-is-on-track-to-be-on-the-water-in-2024/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuff |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/132781451/aucklands-first-two-electric-ferries-take-shape-for-2024-launch |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.stuff.co.nz}}</ref>[[File:AucklandFerryRoutes.png|thumb|right|Ferry routes in 2007]]
[[File:Auckland Ferry Terminal.jpg|thumb|[[Auckland Ferry Terminal]], 2007]]
[[File:Auckland Ferry Terminal.jpg|thumb|[[Auckland Ferry Terminal]], 2007]]


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* [[SeaLink New Zealand|SeaLink]]
* [[SeaLink New Zealand|SeaLink]]
* Belaire (West Harbour and [[Rakino Island]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://belaire.co.nz |title=Belaire Ferries}}</ref>
* Belaire (West Harbour and [[Rakino Island]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://belaire.co.nz |title=Belaire Ferries}}</ref>
* Explore ([[Tiritiri Matangi Island]], [[Bayswater, New Zealand|Bayswater]] and [[Birkenhead, New Zealand|Birkenhead]] / [[Northcote Point]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exploregroup.co.nz/auckland/tiritiri-matangi-island/tiritiri-matangi-island-ferry |title=Tiritiri Matangi Island Ferry Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |title=Ferry good news: Auckland Transport announces Explore Group will operate Bayswater, and Birkenhead / Te Onewa Northcote Point ferry routes |url=https://at.govt.nzhttps//at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/media-centre/2023-media-releases/ferry-good-news-auckland-transport-announces-explore-group-will-operate-bayswater-and-birkenhead-te-onewa-northcote-point-ferry-routes |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref>
* [[Explore Group|Explore]] ([[Tiritiri Matangi Island]], [[Bayswater, New Zealand|Bayswater]] and [[Birkenhead, New Zealand|Birkenhead]] / [[Northcote Point]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exploregroup.co.nz/auckland/tiritiri-matangi-island/tiritiri-matangi-island-ferry |title=Tiritiri Matangi Island Ferry Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |title=Ferry good news: Auckland Transport announces Explore Group will operate Bayswater, and Birkenhead / Te Onewa Northcote Point ferry routes |url=https://at.govt.nzhttps//at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/media-centre/2023-media-releases/ferry-good-news-auckland-transport-announces-explore-group-will-operate-bayswater-and-birkenhead-te-onewa-northcote-point-ferry-routes |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref>


=== Terminals ===
=== Terminals ===
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== Ticketing and fares ==
== Ticketing and fares ==
{{main|AT HOP card}}
{{main|AT HOP card}}
An integrated ticketing / [[smart card|smartcard]] system, known as the [[AT HOP card|AT HOP Card]], was developed for Auckland by [[Thales Group|Thales]], similar to systems like [[Octopus card]] in Hong Kong.<ref name="LastRegionWideP3A">{{cite news|title=Integrated ticketing|date=July 2010|work=Region Wide|agency=Auckland Regional Council|pages=3}}</ref><ref name="HOPPUBLICISE">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/local-government/news/article.cfm?c_id=250&objectid=10696356|title=$1m budget to help publicise Hop Card|last=Dearnaley|first=Mathew|date=24 December 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=30 January 2011}}</ref>
An integrated ticketing / [[smart card|smartcard]] system, known as the AT HOP card, was developed for Auckland by [[Thales Group|Thales]], similar to systems like [[Octopus card]] in Hong Kong.<ref name="LastRegionWideP3A">{{cite news|title=Integrated ticketing|date=July 2010|work=Region Wide|agency=Auckland Regional Council|pages=3}}</ref><ref name="HOPPUBLICISE">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/local-government/news/article.cfm?c_id=250&objectid=10696356|title=$1m budget to help publicise Hop Card|last=Dearnaley|first=Mathew|date=24 December 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=30 January 2011}}</ref>


The first stage of integrated ticketing came online in time for the Rugby World Cup 2011, with construction works for the 'tag on' / 'tag off' infrastructure having begun in January 2011.<ref name="STARTOF">{{cite news|url=http://www.aucklandtransport.govt.nz/about-us/News/LatestNews/Pages/Media-Release-Integrated-Ticketing-Construction.aspx|title=Start of Construction For Integrated Ticketing|date=24 January 2011|work=Press Release, Auckland Transport|access-date=30 January 2011}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The 'HOP Card' was publicised with a $1 million publicity campaign that started in early 2011.<ref name="HOPPUBLICISE" />
The first stage of integrated ticketing came online in time for the Rugby World Cup 2011, with construction works for the 'tag on' / 'tag off' infrastructure having begun in January 2011.<ref name="STARTOF">{{cite news|url=http://www.aucklandtransport.govt.nz/about-us/News/LatestNews/Pages/Media-Release-Integrated-Ticketing-Construction.aspx|title=Start of Construction For Integrated Ticketing|date=24 January 2011|work=Press Release, Auckland Transport|access-date=30 January 2011}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The 'HOP Card' was publicised with a $1 million publicity campaign that started in early 2011.<ref name="HOPPUBLICISE" />
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In 2016, Auckland Transport simplified fares by changing to a system based on 13 fare zones. The fare is no longer based on the distance travelled (number of stages), but on the number of zones passed through, so that a journey in a zone that involves multiple rides or even a mode mix (bus or train) will be charged only one fare.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/fares-discounts/fare-zones-calculating-how-much-you-pay/|title=Fare zones & calculating how much you pay|publisher=Auckland Transport|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ferries are not included in the simplified fares system and are charged per ride.
In 2016, Auckland Transport simplified fares by changing to a system based on 13 fare zones. The fare is no longer based on the distance travelled (number of stages), but on the number of zones passed through, so that a journey in a zone that involves multiple rides or even a mode mix (bus or train) will be charged only one fare.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/bus-train-ferry/fares-discounts/fare-zones-calculating-how-much-you-pay/|title=Fare zones & calculating how much you pay|publisher=Auckland Transport|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ferries are not included in the simplified fares system and are charged per ride.


A [[National Ticketing Solution|national ticketing system]] has been proposed by [[Waka Kotahi]] which will "improve public transport for New Zealanders through a standardised approach to paying for public transport which will provide a common customer experience no matter where you are in the country." Auckland is set to receive the system by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Ticketing Solution {{!}} Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/walking-cycling-and-public-transport/public-transport/national-ticketing-solution/ |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=www.nzta.govt.nz}}</ref>
A [[National Ticketing Solution|national ticketing system]] (branded as Motu Move) has been proposed by [[Waka Kotahi]] which will "improve public transport for New Zealanders through a standardised approach to paying for public transport which will provide a common customer experience no matter where you are in the country." Auckland is set to receive the system by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Ticketing Solution {{!}} Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/walking-cycling-and-public-transport/public-transport/national-ticketing-solution/ |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=www.nzta.govt.nz}}</ref>

In 2023, AT announced bus, train and ferry passengers would be able to 'tag on/off' with [[contactless payment]]s ([[Debit card|debit]]/[[Credit card]]s, [[Apple Pay]] and [[Google Pay]]) in addition to AT HOP cards by June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Transport |first=Auckland |title=Swipe right on public transport! PayWave, Google Pay and Apple Pay coming soon |url=https://at.govt.nzhttps//at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/media-centre/2023-media-releases/swipe-right-on-public-transport-paywave-google-pay-and-apple-pay-coming-soon |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Auckland Transport |language=en-nz}}</ref> However, this has been delayed to late 2024.<ref name="AT-Apr2024">{{cite web |title=More ways to pay for public transport in Tamaki Makaurau Auckland |url=https://at.govt.nz/waystopay |website=Auckland Transport |access-date=10 August 2024 |language=en-nz |date=30 April 2024}}</ref>

By 2028, AT HOP cards will have been fully replaced by Motu Move prepaid cards and contactless payments.<ref name="AT-Apr2024" />


== Public advocacy ==
== Public advocacy ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [https://at.govt.nz/ Auckland Transport] (website of the region's local government transport body)
* [https://at.govt.nz/ Auckland Transport] (website of the region's local government transport body)
* [https://www.kiwirail.co.nz/our-network/our-regions/amp/ Auckland Metro rail] KiwiRail projects page
* [http://www.ontrack.govt.nz/ ONTRACK] New Zealand Railways Corporation (Rere Totika), the government rail owner
* [http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc02Cycl-t1-body1-d1-d58.html ''Wheel Traffic'' (Tramways etc) in Cyclopaedia of New Zealand Volume II (Auckland) of 1902]
* [http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc02Cycl-t1-body1-d1-d58.html ''Wheel Traffic'' (Tramways etc) in Cyclopaedia of New Zealand Volume II (Auckland) of 1902]
* [http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=PREV_BLOCK&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcity.govt.nz%2Fdbtw-wpd%2FHeritageImages%2Findex.htm&TN=heritageimages&SN=AUTO17937&SE=1784&RN=20&MR=20&TR=0&TX=1000&ES=0&CS=1&XP=&RF=HIOReport&EF=&DF=HIORecord&RL=0&EL=0&DL=0&NP=2&ID=&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MQ=&TI=0&DT=&ST=0&IR=311573&NR=0&NB=1&SV=0&SS=1&BG=&FG=&QS=index&OEX=ISO-8859-1&OEH=ISO-8859-1 Photos of Downtown Municipal Transport Centre (now Britomart) in 1940s to 1970s]
* [http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=PREV_BLOCK&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&BU=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcity.govt.nz%2Fdbtw-wpd%2FHeritageImages%2Findex.htm&TN=heritageimages&SN=AUTO17937&SE=1784&RN=20&MR=20&TR=0&TX=1000&ES=0&CS=1&XP=&RF=HIOReport&EF=&DF=HIORecord&RL=0&EL=0&DL=0&NP=2&ID=&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MQ=&TI=0&DT=&ST=0&IR=311573&NR=0&NB=1&SV=0&SS=1&BG=&FG=&QS=index&OEX=ISO-8859-1&OEH=ISO-8859-1 Photos of Downtown Municipal Transport Centre (now Waitematā) in 1940s to 1970s]


{{Bus transport in New Zealand}}{{Public transport in Auckland}}{{Public transport in New Zealand}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Public Transport in Auckland}}
{{Public transport in Auckland}}{{Bus transport in New Zealand}}{{Public transport in New Zealand}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Public Transport in Auckland}}
[[Category:Public transport in Auckland]]
[[Category:Public transport in Auckland]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Latest revision as of 23:45, 2 October 2024

Auckland Transport (AT)
An AT AM class train at Parnell station
An AT AM class train at Parnell station
Overview
Area servedAuckland metropolitan area
LocaleAuckland region
Transit typeSuburban rail, bus, ferry
Annual ridership
  • 86.8 million (2023/24)[1]
  • Bus: 68.1 million
  • Train: 13.8 million
  • Ferry: 4.9 million
Websiteat.govt.nz
Operation
Operator(s)Auckland One Rail
Bayes Coachlines
Kinetic Group (Go Bus, NZ Bus)
Howick and Eastern Buses
Pavlovich Transport Solutions
Ritchies Transport
Tranzit Group (Tranzurban Auckland)
Belaire Ferries
Explore Group
Fullers360 (Waiheke Bus Company)
SeaLink NZ
System map
Map
Interactive map showing rapid transit lines in Auckland. Proposed lines are shown in grey.
A two-minute animation of a day's activity on Auckland's public transport network

Public transport in Auckland, the largest metropolitan area of New Zealand, consists of three modes: bus, train and ferry. Services are coordinated by Auckland Transport (AT) under the AT and AT Metro brands. Waitematā railway station is the main transport hub.

Until the 1950s, Auckland was well served by public transport and had high levels of ridership.[2] However, the dismantling of an extensive tram system in the 1950s, the decision by Stan Goosman[3] to not electrify Auckland's rail network, and a focus of transport investment into a motorway system led to the collapse in both mode share and total trips.[4] By the 1990s, Auckland had experienced one of the sharpest declines in public transport ridership in the world, with only 33 trips per capita per year.[5]

Since 2000, a greater focus has been placed on improving Auckland's public transport system through a series of projects and service improvements. Major improvements include the Waitematā railway station, the Northern Busway, the upgrade and electrification of the rail network[6] and the introduction of integrated ticketing through the AT HOP Card. These efforts have led to sustained growth in ridership, particularly on the rail network. Between June 2005 and November 2017 total ridership increased from 51.3 million boardings per annum to 90.9 million.[7]

Despite those strong gains, the overall share of travel in Auckland by public transport is still quite low. At the 2013 census, around 8% of journeys to work were by public transport[8] and per capita ridership in 2017 of around 55 boardings is still well below that of Wellington, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and most large Canadian cities.[9]

Auckland's rapid population growth means that improving the city's public transport system is a priority for Auckland Council[10] and the New Zealand Government.[11] Major improvements planned or underway include the City Rail Link,[12] construction of the Eastern Busway between Panmure and Botany, and the proposed City Centre–Māngere Line, a light rail line between the city centre and Auckland Airport,[13] which was cancelled by the coalition government in 2024.[14]

History

[edit]

Pre World War II growth

[edit]

Horse-drawn trams operated in Auckland from 1884. The Auckland Electric Tram Company's system was officially opened on 17 November 1902.[15] The Electric Tram Company started as a private company before being acquired by Auckland City Council. The tram network enabled and shaped much of Auckland's growth throughout the early 20th century. Auckland's public transport system was very well utilised, with usage peaking at over 120 million boardings during the Second World War, when Auckland's population was less than 500,000.[16]

An Auckland bus in the 1920s

Post World War II decline

[edit]

Auckland's extensive tram network was removed in the 1950s, with the last line closing in late 1956.[17][18] Although a series of ambitious rail schemes were proposed between the 1940s and 1970s,[19] the focus of transport improvements in Auckland shifted to developing an extensive motorway system. Passionate advocacy from long-time Mayor of Auckland City Council Dove-Myer Robinson for a "rapid rail" scheme was ultimately unsuccessful.[20]

Auckland electric tramlines 1900 to 1960

Removal of the tram system, little investment in Auckland's rail network and growing car ownership in the second half of the 20th century led to a collapse in ridership across all modes of public transport.[4] From a 1954 average level of 290 public transport trips per person per year (a share of 58% of all motorised trips), patronage decreased rapidly.[9][21] 1950s ridership levels were only reached again in the 2010s, despite Auckland's population growing four-fold over the same time period.[4]

These decisions also shaped Auckland's growth patterns in the late 20th century, with the city becoming a relatively low-density dispersed urban area with a population highly dependent on private vehicles for their travel needs.[22] By the late 1990s ongoing population growth and high levels of car use were leading to the recognition that traffic congestion was one of Auckland's biggest problems.[23]

Privatisation

[edit]

It has been claimed that the city's public transport decline resulted from, "privatisation, a poor regulatory environment and a funding system that favours roads".[24] On the other hand, NZ Bus claim that increasing passengers and cost control began with privatisation in 1991.[25]

21st century revival

[edit]

As concerns over urban sprawl and traffic congestion grew in the 1990s and early 2000s, public transport returned to the spotlight, with growing agreement of the "need for a substantial shift to public transport".[26] Growing recognition that Auckland could no longer "build its way out of congestion" through more roads alone led to the first major improvements to Auckland's public transport system in half a century:

  • Waitematā station was opened in 2003 as Britomart Transport Centre, the first major upgrade of Auckland's rail network since World War II. This project allowed trains to reach into the heart of Auckland's city centre and acted as a catalyst for the regeneration of this part of downtown Auckland.[27]
  • The Northern Busway was opened in 2008, providing Auckland's North Shore with rapid transit that enabled bus riders to avoid congestion on the Northern Motorway and Auckland Harbour Bridge.[28]
  • A core upgrade of Auckland's rail network between 2006 and 2011, known as Project DART, which included double-tracking of the Western Line, the reopening of the Onehunga Branch line to Onehunga, a rail spur to Manukau City and a series of station upgrades.[29]
  • Electrification of the Auckland rail network (except for the section of track between Papakura and Pukekohe) and the purchase of new electric trains from Spanish manufacturer CAF. Electric train services commenced in 2014. AT trains were 100% electric in 2022.[30]
  • Implementation of an integrated ticketing and fares system, through the AT HOP card, enabling consistent fares and easy transfers between different bus, train and ferry operators.
  • Electric AT buses and depots began replacing diesel in 2020. In March 2024 there were 138 zero-emission buses, including one double-decker.[31][32][33]

Despite these improvements, the lack of investment in Auckland's public transport system throughout the latter part of the 20th century means the city still has much lower levels of ridership than other major cities in Canada and Australia.[34] Auckland's ongoing strong population growth and constrained geography means that Auckland's transport plans now have a strong focus on further improving the quality and attractiveness of public transport.[35] Further improvements are to be realised in the years to 2028 under the Auckland Transport Alignment Project (ATAP), valued at NZ$28 billion[36] ($4.6 billion more than previously planned), of which $9.1 billion is for additional public transport projects, including: the completion of the City Rail Link; the construction of the Eastern Busway, which will run from Panmure to Botany; Northern Busway extension to Albany; the extension of the railway electrification to Pukekohe; a third line to Auckland between Westfield and Wiri[37] or Wiri and Papakura, to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains;[38] further new electric trains and the construction of a new light rail line, the City Centre–Māngere Line.[39]

In late January 2022, the New Zealand Government approved a NZ$14.6 billion project to establish a partially tunneled light rail network between Auckland Airport and the Wynyard Quarter in the Auckland CBD. The proposed light rail network will integrate with current train and bus hubs as well as the City Rail Link's stations and connections. Transport Minister Michael Wood also added that the Government would decide on plans to establish a second harbour crossing at Waitematā Harbour in 2023.[40][41]

Buses

[edit]
AT pictogram for buses

Urban services

[edit]
A CRRC electric bus with 2023 AT branding
An Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC double-decker bus
Alexander Dennis Enviro200 XLB in the Auckland CBD

Buses provide for around 70% of public transport trips in Auckland.[7] Bus services generally run from around 6am to midnight, with a limited number of buses linking Auckland's suburbs and city centre after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights only, with Northern Express services on the Northern Busway on the North Shore running half-hourly until 3:00 a.m.[42] Services are contracted by Auckland Transport (AT) and operated by a number of private companies, including:

AT began rebranding bus services to AT Metro in 2014–2015 to create a single identity for all bus services, with some exceptions like the Link buses which retained their red, green and orange colours.[44] In 2023, AT began decommissioning the AT Metro brand, replacing it with the refreshed AT brand identity. The livery colours are being retrained.[45][46]

A BCI CitiRider operating as a Northern Express service

There are five Link services; all accept fare payment by AT HOP card or cash and all run from early morning to late evening, 7 days of the week.[47]

Airport services

[edit]

The AirportLink bus provides a connection to Puhinui railway station where Southern Line or Eastern Line services connect from Waitematā in downtown Auckland. It also serves Manukau railway station to provide connections to the east. Bus 38 connects the Airport to Māngere and Onehunga.[48]

The SkyDrive bus provides a direct bus connection between Auckland Airport and Auckland CBD.[49] Previously, SkyBus provided direct bus services, however the service ceased due to the Covid-19 pandemic.[50]

Bus priority facilities

[edit]
Northern Busway looking north along the Tristram Avenue viaduct

Auckland has a growing number of bus lanes, some of which operate at peak times only and others 24 hours a day. These lanes are for buses and two-wheeled vehicles only and are intended to reduce congestion and shorten travel times. All are sign-posted and marked on the road surface.

The Central Connector bus lane project improved links between Newmarket and the inner city, while bus lanes are also planned on Remuera Road and St Johns Road to connect the city with the Eastern Bays suburbs.

The Northern Busway provides complete separation for buses from general traffic between Akoranga busway station (near Takapuna) and Albany busway station. In the near future, a new station will be built between Albany and Constellation busway station called Rosedale. It will serve the nearby Industrial Area. [51] In the long-term plans remain to extend the busway to Hibiscus Coast busway station, and Orewa.[52]

The Eastern Busway (AMETI) is currently being constructed to connect Botany and Panmure with a separated busway along Ti Rakau Drive, onto Pakuranga Road and Lagoon Drive. Pre-construction began in late 2018, with the removal of houses along Pakuranga Road due to be complete by April 2019. Stage one connecting Panmure and Pakuranga opened in 2021, with continued construction of the busway from Pakuranga to Botany being completed by 2025. A new Botany station is due to be completed by 2026. Further extensions to Auckland Airport via Manukau City are being explored, although no decisions on this extension have been made public.[citation needed]

Other planned busways include the Northwestern Busway[53] between Westgate and the city centre (possibly to be built as light-rail instead of a busway[11]) and a bus connection between Auckland Airport, Manukau City and Botany.[11] There are currently small sections of bus lanes on SH16 between Westgate and Newton Rd as an interim "short-term" improvement before the Northwestern Busway is built.[54]

Commuter services

[edit]

At peak hours express buses serve commuters from the outlying towns north and south of Auckland.

Express bus 125X took up to 2 hours[55] to cover the 43 km (27 mi) from Helensville to Auckland. However, this route is no longer operated since November 2023 as part of a West Auckland network change.

Mahu City Express has run a commuter bus from Snells Beach to Parnell[56] since October 2015. It runs twice a day, Monday to Friday, taking about an hour[56] for the 57 km (35 mi) from Warkworth to Victoria Park,[57] with stops at Smales Farm and Akoranga.[56] Since 1 March 2021 the first electric luxury coach in the country has been on the route.[58] It uses a 40-seat Yutong TCe12, bought with the aid of a $352,500 EECA grant.[59]

Bus 995 runs hourly, linking Warkworth to Hibiscus Coast busway station,[60] with connection to the Northern Express, taking a bit over an hour to Auckland.[61]

Waiuku's bus 395 links it to Papakura railway station twice a day.[62]

InterCity Volvo B11R (ex. ManaBus) at SkyCity in 2021, going to Tauranga

Long-distance services

[edit]

Long-distance bus operator InterCity links Auckland with all the main centres in the North Island,[63] also operating the budget-orientated SKIP Bus services.[64] Skip buses were suspended from 25 March 2020.[65] Until 18 August 1996 InterCity services operated from Auckland railway station. Since then they have run from SkyCity.[66] SkyCity wants the bus station to move and it has been criticised for diesel fumes and poor toilets.[67] However, InterCity rejected a move to Manukau and, in 2020, plans to move back to the old railway station were dropped.[68]

Night services

[edit]

There are a total of 15 routes as part of the Night Bus and Northern Express bus services which operate on Friday and Saturday nights between the hours of 00:00 and 03:30.[69][70] Most routes depart the city centre on an hourly basis although the Northern Express bus route NX1 is more frequent.[69] The night bus services were paused during COVID but returned on 2 December 2021 when AT's Group Manager Metro Services Stacey van der Putten noted that AT was "bringing back a wide range of our 'Night Buses' services this weekend to help support our city's hospitality sector and to make it easier for town-goers and hospitality workers alike to get home safely and affordably in the early hours."[71]

Busiest routes

[edit]

The following table shows the 20 busiest bus routes in Auckland by boardings in 2023.[72]

Rank Route Description Annual patronage (2023)
1 NX1 Hibiscus Coast Station to Britomart via Northern Busway. One of two Northern Express services. 3,770,829
2 70 Botany to Britomart via Pakuranga, Panmure, and Ellerslie 3,637,401
3 NX2 Albany Station to City universities via Northern Busway. One of two Northern Express services. 2,419,166
4 OUT Outer Link: Wellesley St, Parnell, Newmarket, Mountt Eden, Saint Lukes, Point Chevalier, Westmere, Wellesley St 1,912,971
5 75 Glen Innes to Wynyard Quarter via Remuera Road 1,512,735
6 INN Inner Link: Britomart, Parnell, Newmarket, Karangahape Road, Ponsonby, Britomart 1,480,555
7 18 New Lynn to City Centre via Great North Road 1,411,332
8 30 Onehunga to City Centre via Manukau Road 1,297,167
9 25B Blockhouse Bay to City Centre via Dominion Road 1,037,158
10 25L Lynfield to City Centre via Dominion Road 999,425
11 33 Papakura to Ōtāhuhu via Great South Road 874,883
12 83 Albany to Takapuna via Browns Bay and Constellation station 847,337
13 66 Sylvia Park to Point Chevalier via Royal Oak and Mt Albert 843,119
14 27W Waikowhai to City Centre via Oakdale Road and Mount Eden Road 810,532
15 24B New Lynn to City Centre via Blockhouse Bay and Sandringham Road 805,524
16 27H Waikowhai to City Centre via Hillsborough Road and Mount Eden Road 753,950
17 CTY City Link: Wynyard Quarter to Karangahape Road via Queen St 726,372
18 22R Rosebank Road to City Centre via New North Road 692,586
19 24R New Lynn to City Centre via Richardson Road and Sandringham Roadd 690.807
20 120 Henderson to Constellation Station via Upper Harbour Bridge 658,109

Trains

[edit]
AT pictogram for trains
Lines and active projects on the Auckland rail network
Auckland rail network map as of July 2015

Urban services

[edit]

Auckland's urban train services are operated under the AT brand by Auckland One Rail. Trains and stations are owned by Auckland Transport, while tracks and other rail infrastructure are owned by KiwiRail.

Since the opening of Waitematā railway station, significant improvements have been made to urban rail services. These include:

  • Sunday services were reintroduced in October 2005 for the first time in over 40 years, together with a general 25% service frequency increase.[73]
  • Project DART upgraded the core rail network between 2006 and 2012, including double-tracking the Western Line, completed in 2010,[74] constructing the Manukau Branch line from Wiri to Manukau City Centre, completed in 2012, rebuilding and reconfiguring Newmarket railway station, completed in 2010, and reopening the disused Onehunga Branch line for passengers[75] in September 2010.
  • Electrification of the rail network from Swanson station on the Western Line and Papakura station on the Southern Line and the purchase of 57 electric trains. The first passenger services operated in April 2014.[76]
  • Otahuhu railway station was extensively rebuilt to connect with a new bus interchange being built alongside. In October 2016, the interchange was opened to coincide with the launching of a new bus network timetable in South Auckland, Pukekohe and Waiuku.[77]
  • The new Manukau bus station (next to Manukau railway station) was officially opened in April 2018 and bus services from the new facility began, serving South and East Auckland.[78][79]
  • A bus and rail interchange at Puhinui connecting Auckland Airport to and from Manukau bus station, that began its construction of the first stage in October 2019 and completed in early 2021. The new interchange opened on 26 July 2021.[80][81][82]

These improvements have led to rapid growth in rail ridership, from a low of 1 million annual boardings in 1994 to over 20 million in 2017.[83] Increasing train frequencies to meet further growth is not possible because of the "dead end" at Waitematā railway station which means all trains entering and exiting the station need to use the same two tracks. The City Rail Link project, due to be opened in 2024 is a tunnel between Waitematā station and Maungawhau railway station designed to address these constraints, provide greater route flexibility across the entire network, and create a more direct route for Western Line services.[84] This project will convert the system from a commuter rail network to an S-Train network, providing metro-like frequencies during peak.

Services

[edit]

There are four commuter rail lines:[85][86][87]

Line Frequency Calling at Notes
Peak Off-peak
Eastern Line 6 tph 3 tph Waitematā, Ōrākei, Meadowbank, Glen Innes, Panmure, Sylvia Park, Ōtāhuhu, Middlemore, Papatoetoe, Puhinui, Manukau
Southern Line 6 tph 3 tph Waitematā, Parnell, Newmarket, Remuera, Greenlane, Ellerslie, Penrose, Ōtāhuhu, Middlemore, Papatoetoe, Puhinui, Homai, Manurewa, Te Mahia, Takaanini, Papakura, Pukekohe
Western Line 6 tph 3 tph Waitematā, Parnell, Newmarket, Grafton, Maungawhau, Kingsland, Morningside, Baldwin Avenue, Mount Albert, Avondale, New Lynn, Fruitvale Road, Glen Eden, Sunnyvale, Henderson, Sturges Road, Rānui, Swanson Trains reverse at Newmarket
Onehunga Line 2 tph Newmarket, Remuera†, Greenlane†, Ellerslie, Penrose, Te Papapa, Onehunga
tph = trains per hour
† station served at evenings only

Maungawhau station is closed until 2024 for City Rail Link construction.
Pukekohe station is closed for redevelopment until 2024.

Rolling stock

[edit]
Class Image Type Top speed Number Carriages Routes operated Built
km/h mph
AM class EMU 110 68 72 3 Eastern Line
Onehunga Line
Southern Line (Waitematā–Papakura)
Western Line
2013–2020

Long-distance services

[edit]

Auckland has two long-distance passenger train services. The first is the Northern Explorer to Wellington, operated by KiwiRail Scenic Journeys, which runs southbound on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays and northbound Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. The service is mainly tourist-oriented.

The second is the Te Huia regional service, which runs one morning and one afternoon service each way between Hamilton and Auckland via The Base and Huntly.[88] This service was extended from its initial northern termini of Papakura railway station to Puhinui railway station and The Strand Station in January 2022.[89]

Future upgrades

[edit]

A number of upgrades and extensions to the rail network have been proposed, some for several decades:

In 2020, the government announced funding for electrification of the railway line from Papakura to Pukekohe, new railway stations at Drury, a third main line and improvements to the Wiri – Quay Park corridor.[97]

In 2022, AT announced 23 new electric commuter trains would be added to its fleet, taking it to 95 in total.[98]

Network map

[edit]

Map


Ferries

[edit]
AT pictogram for ferries
Wanderer, one of four upgraded ferries owned by AT since 2022

History

[edit]

The first official ferry started in 1854, the first steam ferry in 1860,[99] the first scheduled ferry in 1865, Auckland & North Shore Steam Ferry Co in 1869, Devonport Steam Ferry Company in 1885, a vehicle ferry in 1911 and North Shore Ferries in 1959.[100]

In 1981 George and Douglas Hudson bought North Shore Ferries and Waiheke Shipping Co. In 1984 they founded Gulf Ferries, and their first catamaran, the $3m Quickcat, cut the Waiheke ferry time from 75 minutes to 40,[101] with Fullers putting Kea on the Devonport route from 1988.[100] Fullers Corporation was mainly operating cruises and, in 1987, when they introduced Supercat III,[102] they were refused a licence to compete on Waiheke commuter trips.[103] The Hudsons bought Fullers from its 1988 receivership[104] and formed Fullers Group Ltd in 1994 and Stagecoach took a majority holding in 1998.[105] In 2009, Souter Holdings purchased Fullers Group and also 360 Discovery Cruises.[106]

In 2022, Auckland Transport (AT) purchased four diesel ferries that were in dire need of repair from Fullers, and is upgrading them to reduce their emissions.[107][108] There are plans to commission five new electric and hybrid-electric ferries, with the first two expected to arrive in 2024.[109][110]

Ferry routes in 2007
Auckland Ferry Terminal, 2007

Services

[edit]

Around 7 million ferry trips per year[7] were made in Auckland in prior to COVID-19. Yearly patronage decreased to 3 million in 2021,[7] due to the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on public transport.

Most ferry routes start from Downtown Auckland and have no intermediate stops. The ferry operators are:

Terminals

[edit]

The Auckland Ferry Terminal is in downtown Auckland on Quay Street, between Princes Wharf and the container port, directly opposite Waitematā railway station.

Ferries also connect the city with islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Regular sailings serve Waiheke Island, with less frequent services to Great Barrier Island, Rangitoto Island, Motutapu Island and other inner-gulf islands, primarily for tourism.

There are no ferry services on the west coast of Auckland, although there were some historical services from Onehunga. None are planned, as the city's waterfront orientation is much stronger towards the (eastern) Waitematā Harbour than to the (western) Manukau Harbour.

Ticketing and fares

[edit]

An integrated ticketing / smartcard system, known as the AT HOP card, was developed for Auckland by Thales, similar to systems like Octopus card in Hong Kong.[114][115]

The first stage of integrated ticketing came online in time for the Rugby World Cup 2011, with construction works for the 'tag on' / 'tag off' infrastructure having begun in January 2011.[116] The 'HOP Card' was publicised with a $1 million publicity campaign that started in early 2011.[115]

The AT HOP card system went live in October 2012 for trains, November 2012 for ferries and between June 2013 and March 2014 for buses.[117]

In 2016, Auckland Transport simplified fares by changing to a system based on 13 fare zones. The fare is no longer based on the distance travelled (number of stages), but on the number of zones passed through, so that a journey in a zone that involves multiple rides or even a mode mix (bus or train) will be charged only one fare.[118] Ferries are not included in the simplified fares system and are charged per ride.

A national ticketing system (branded as Motu Move) has been proposed by Waka Kotahi which will "improve public transport for New Zealanders through a standardised approach to paying for public transport which will provide a common customer experience no matter where you are in the country." Auckland is set to receive the system by 2026.[119]

In 2023, AT announced bus, train and ferry passengers would be able to 'tag on/off' with contactless payments (debit/Credit cards, Apple Pay and Google Pay) in addition to AT HOP cards by June 2024.[120] However, this has been delayed to late 2024.[121]

By 2028, AT HOP cards will have been fully replaced by Motu Move prepaid cards and contactless payments.[121]

Public advocacy

[edit]

A number of groups advocate for improving public transport in Auckland. Some groups operate prominent blogs, participate in public discussions on social media and prepare plans advocating for particular improvements. These groups include:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "AT Metro patronage report". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  2. ^ "Public transport patronage the highest in more than 60 years". OurAuckland. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Sir Dove-Myer Robinson on his Rapid Transit Scheme – Part 4". transportblog.co.nz. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Michael Lee: Sins of the fathers – legacy of harbour bridge". The New Zealand Herald. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  5. ^ Mees, Paul (February 2001). "The American Heresy: Half a century of transport planning in Auckland".
  6. ^ "Developing Auckland's Rail Transport – DART". KiwiRail. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d "Auckland Transport Patronage Report".
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