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Coordinates: 37°04′26″N 22°25′46″E / 37.07389°N 22.42944°E / 37.07389; 22.42944
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|total_width = 250
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|image1 = Ancient sparta theater.jpg
|image1 = Ancient sparta theater.jpg
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|image2 = Dicsoseg.jpg
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|image2 = Οικία Βαλασάκη (Κουμαντάρειος Πινακοθήκη, Κ. Παλαιολόγου 123, Σπάρτη.jpg
|image3 = Modern sparti 01.JPG
|image3 = Modern sparti 01.JPG
|image4 = The entrance to the Archaeological Museum of Sparta.jpg
|image4 = The entrance to the Archaeological Museum of Sparta.jpg
|image5 = ModernSparta.jpg
|image5 = 20211113 sparti243.jpg
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|image6 = Οικία Βαλασάκη (Κουμαντάρειος Πινακοθήκη, Κ. Παλαιολόγου 123, Σπάρτη.jpg
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|image6 = Dicsoseg.jpg
|image7 = Oil presses.jpg
|image7 = Oil presses.jpg
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|color = white
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|caption_skyline = '''Clockwise from top right:''' [[Sparta#Archaeology of the classical period|Ancient Theatre of Sparta]], Gkortsologou Street, [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]], [[Spartathlon]] Monument, Olive and Greek Olive Oil Museum, Sparta Town Hall, Koumantareios Gallery on Balasaki House
|caption_skyline = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Sparta#Archaeology of the classical period|Ancient Theatre of Sparta]], Gkortsologou Street, [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]], Koumantareios gallery on Balasaki House, Olive and Greek Olive Oil Museum, Statue of [[Leonidas]], [[Spartathlon]] monument
|city_flag =
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|city_seal =
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{{Further|Sparta|History of Sparta|Mystras|Despotate of the Morea}}
{{Further|Sparta|History of Sparta|Mystras|Despotate of the Morea}}
[[File:Eurotas.JPG|thumb|The [[Eurotas (river)|Evrotas]] outside Sparta|left]]
[[File:Eurotas.JPG|thumb|The [[Eurotas (river)|Evrotas]] outside Sparta|left]]
[[File:View of modern Sparta, Mount Taygetus and the Eurotas from the Menelaion on 15 May 2019.jpg|thumb|Landscape view of the [[Evrotas Valley]] from the {{w|Menelaion}}.|left]]
[[File:View of modern Sparta, Mount Taygetus and the Eurotas from the Menelaion on 15 May 2019.jpg|thumb|Landscape view of the [[Evrotas Valley]] from the [[Menelaion]].|left]]


Beginning in the 13th century, the political and cultural center of Laconia shifted to [[Mystras]], some 4&nbsp;km to the west. The settlement at ancient Sparta, named Lacedaemonia, continued to exist, although greatly depopulated, until modern times as a town of a few thousand people who lived among the ruins, in the shadow of Mystras.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</ref> The Palaiologos family (the last Byzantine Greek imperial dynasty) also lived in Mystras. The [[Despotate of the Morea]] was captured by the Ottomans under [[Mehmed II]] in 1460.
Beginning in the 13th century, the political and cultural center of Laconia shifted to [[Mystras]], some 4&nbsp;km to the west. The settlement at ancient Sparta, named Lacedaemonia, continued to exist, although greatly depopulated, until modern times as a town of a few thousand people who lived among the ruins, in the shadow of Mystras.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</ref> The Palaiologos family (the last Byzantine Greek imperial dynasty) also lived in Mystras. The [[Despotate of the Morea]] was captured by the Ottomans under [[Mehmed II]] in 1460.
Line 79: Line 79:
===Politics===
===Politics===


Sparta is regarded as one of the most conservative cities in Greece; it has never had a left-wing mayor and it was one of the few cities that [[1974 Greek republic referendum|voted in 1974 to retain the monarchy]]. Laconia was the region with the highest proportion of "yes" votes (which was supported by the conservative party) in the [[2015 Greek bailout referendum|2015 bailout referendum]].
Sparta is regarded as one of the most conservative cities in Greece; it has never had a left-wing mayor and it was one of the few cities that [[1974 Greek republic referendum|voted in 1974 to retain the monarchy]].<ref>[https://www.notospress.gr/peloponnisos/story/84460/elliniko-dimopsifisma-toy-1974-lakonia-kai-messinia-ithelan-ton-vasilea Greek referendum of 1974 - Laconia and Messinia wanted the King!](el)</ref> Υet in the [[2015 Greek bailout referendum|2015 bailout referendum]] conducted by the [[First Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras|left-wing government]], vote for "no". <ref>https://ekloges-prev.singularlogic.eu/r2015/e/public/index.html#{%22cls%22:%22level%22,%22params%22:{%22level%22:%22ep%22,%22id%22:%2247%22}}</ref>


===Demographics===
===Demographics===
Line 101: Line 101:


==Climate==
==Climate==
The city of Sparta enjoys a sunny and warm [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''). January highs are around {{convert|14|°C|0|abbr=on}} while July and August highs are around {{convert|36|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the city proper. Sparta records the highest summer average maximum temperatures in Greece.<ref>{{cite web|title= Meteoclub.gr|url=http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/6125-sparti-h-yperdynami-ths-kalokairinhs-zesths-stin-ellada|access-date=2014-09-05}}</ref> In July 2012 the city registered an average maximum temperature of {{convert|38.3|°C|1|abbr=on}}, making it Greece's second highest monthly average maximum temperature to date after the {{convert|38.6|°C|1|abbr=on}} recorded in [[Stylida]] in July 2023.<ref name="NOA">{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/stylida/NOAAYR.TXT | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804061751/https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/stylida/NOAAYR.TXT | url-status=dead | archive-date=2023-08-04 | title=Stylida NOA | accessdate=4 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= N.O.A July 2012 bulletin|url=http://cirrus.meteo.noa.gr/forecast/deltio_noa072012.pdf|access-date=2013-01-20}}</ref> The highest temperature ever recorded in Sparta is {{convert|45.7|°C|1|abbr=on}} in August 2021.<ref>[http://stratus.meteo.noa.gr/data/bulletins/deltio_noa082021.pdf?CFID=b2058680-727c-4a51-97e0-9d555c66de14&CFTOKEN=0 Deltio data]</ref> On average, Sparta records 5 days per year with temperatures of over {{convert|40.0|°C|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm | title=Meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα }}</ref>
The city of Sparta enjoys a sunny and warm [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''). January highs are around {{convert|14|°C|0|abbr=on}} while July and August highs are around {{convert|36|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the city proper. Sparta records the highest summer average maximum temperatures in Greece.<ref>{{cite web|title= Meteoclub.gr|url=http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/6125-sparti-h-yperdynami-ths-kalokairinhs-zesths-stin-ellada|access-date=2014-09-05}}</ref> The highest temperature ever recorded in Sparta is {{convert|45.7|°C|1|abbr=on}} in August 2021.<ref>[http://stratus.meteo.noa.gr/data/bulletins/deltio_noa082021.pdf?CFID=b2058680-727c-4a51-97e0-9d555c66de14&CFTOKEN=0 Deltio data]</ref> On average, Sparta records 6 days per year with temperatures of over {{convert|40.0|°C|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm | title=Meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα }}</ref> In June 2024, Sparta recorded an astonishing mean max temperature of {{convert|37.6|°C|1|abbr=on}}. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701113858/https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/sparti/NOAAYR.TXT | title=Sparta NOA June 2024 mean max 37.6C | accessdate=1 July 2024}}</ref> In July 2024 the HNMS station in Sparta registered a record average maximum temperature of {{convert|38.6|°C|1|abbr=on}} while the NOA station registered a record of {{convert|38.5|°C|1|abbr=on}} <ref>{{cite web | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731203711/https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/sparti/NOAAYR.TXT | title=Sparta mean max records | accessdate=1 August 2024}}</ref>


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
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|Jan high C=14.4
|Jan high C=14.4
|Feb high C=16.1
|Feb high C=16.1
|Mar high C=18.4
|Mar high C=18.5
|Apr high C=22.8
|Apr high C=23.0
|May high C=27.8
|May high C=27.8
|Jun high C=32.5
|Jun high C=32.8
|Jul high C=36.0
|Jul high C=36.1
|Aug high C=35.9
|Aug high C=36.0
|Sep high C=31.3
|Sep high C=31.3
|Oct high C=25.3
|Oct high C=25.3
Line 123: Line 123:
|Feb mean C=10.0
|Feb mean C=10.0
|Mar mean C=12.0
|Mar mean C=12.0
|Apr mean C=15.4
|Apr mean C=15.6
|May mean C=20.0
|May mean C=20.0
|Jun mean C=24.6
|Jun mean C=24.8
|Jul mean C=27.7
|Jul mean C=27.9
|Aug mean C=27.7
|Aug mean C=27.7
|Sep mean C=23.8
|Sep mean C=23.8
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|Feb low C= 4.0
|Feb low C= 4.0
|Mar low C= 5.6
|Mar low C= 5.6
|Apr low C= 8.0
|Apr low C= 8.1
|May low C=12.2
|May low C=12.2
|Jun low C=16.7
|Jun low C=16.8
|Jul low C=19.5
|Jul low C=19.6
|Aug low C=19.6
|Aug low C=19.7
|Sep low C=16.4
|Sep low C=16.4
|Oct low C=11.8
|Oct low C=11.8
Line 149: Line 149:
|Jan rain mm=122.6
|Jan rain mm=122.6
|Feb rain mm=82.3
|Feb rain mm=82.3
|Mar rain mm=62.4
|Mar rain mm=62.1
|Apr rain mm=33.1
|Apr rain mm=31.4
|May rain mm=24.8
|May rain mm=24.7
|Jun rain mm=35.3
|Jun rain mm=33.1
|Jul rain mm= 11.9
|Jul rain mm= 11.6
|Aug rain mm= 19.0
|Aug rain mm= 19.4
|Sep rain mm=52.2
|Sep rain mm=52.2
|Oct rain mm=61.5
|Oct rain mm=61.5
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| Dec record low C = -5.2
| Dec record low C = -5.2


|source = [[National Observatory of Athens]] (Feb 2009 - Feb 2024),<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url =https://www.meteo.gr/climate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927081043/https://meteo.gr/climate/|archive-date=27 September 2022|title= Climate |publisher = National Observatory of Athens|language = el}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm | title=N.O.A Monthly Bulletins }}</ref><br/> Sparta N.O.A station,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/sparti/ | title=Latest Conditions in Sparta }}</ref> [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name="WMO">{{cite web | url=https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-sparti | title=World Meteorological Organization | accessdate=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|source = [[National Observatory of Athens]] (Feb 2009 - Aug 2024),<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url =https://www.meteo.gr/climate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927081043/https://meteo.gr/climate/|archive-date=27 September 2022|title= Climate |publisher = National Observatory of Athens|language = el}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm | title=N.O.A Monthly Bulletins }}</ref><br/> Sparta N.O.A station,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/sparti/ | title=Latest Conditions in Sparta }}</ref> }}
}}


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
Line 258: Line 257:
==Tourism==
==Tourism==
===Main sites===
===Main sites===
[[File:The ruins of the ancient Theatre of Sparta on May 15, 2019.jpg|thumb|The theater of ancient [[Sparta]] with [[Taygetus]] in the background]]
[[File:The ruins of the ancient Theatre of Sparta on May 15, 2019.jpg|thumb|The theater of ancient [[Sparta]] with [[Parnon]] in the background]]
[[File:The entrance to the Archaeological Museum of Sparta.jpg|thumb|[[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]]]]
[[File:The entrance to the Archaeological Museum of Sparta.jpg|thumb|[[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]]]]
In the center of the city is the [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta|Archaeological Museum]]. Built by architect G. Katsaros,
In the center of the city is the [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta|Archaeological Museum]]. Built by architect G. Katsaros,

Latest revision as of 00:58, 19 October 2024

This article is about modern-day Sparta. For the ancient city-state, see Sparta. For other uses, see Sparta (disambiguation).

Sparta
Σπάρτη
Municipality
Clockwise from top: Ancient Theatre of Sparta, Gkortsologou Street, Archaeological Museum of Sparta, Koumantareios gallery on Balasaki House, Olive and Greek Olive Oil Museum, Statue of Leonidas, Spartathlon monument
Sparta is located in Greece
Sparta
Sparta
Location within the region
Coordinates: 37°04′26″N 22°25′46″E / 37.07389°N 22.42944°E / 37.07389; 22.42944
CountryGreece
Administrative regionPeloponnese
Regional unitLaconia
Government
 • MayorMichail Vakalopoulos[1] (since 2023)
Area
 • Municipality1,181.8 km2 (456.3 sq mi)
 • Municipal unit84.5 km2 (32.6 sq mi)
Lowest elevation
200 m (700 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Municipality32,786
 • Density28/km2 (72/sq mi)
 • Municipal unit
19,865
 • Municipal unit density240/km2 (610/sq mi)
 • Community
17,773
DemonymSpartan(s)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
231 00
Area code(s)27310
Vehicle registrationΑΚ
Websitewww.sparti.gov.gr Edit this at Wikidata

Sparta (Greek: Σπάρτη, Spárti [ˈsparti]) is a city and municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece. It lies at the site of ancient Sparta within the Evrotas Valley. The municipality was merged with six nearby municipalities in 2011, for a total population (as of 2021) of 32,786, of whom 17,773 lived in the city.

History

[edit]
Further information: Sparta, History of Sparta, Mystras, and Despotate of the Morea
The Evrotas outside Sparta
Landscape view of the Evrotas Valley from the Menelaion.

Beginning in the 13th century, the political and cultural center of Laconia shifted to Mystras, some 4 km to the west. The settlement at ancient Sparta, named Lacedaemonia, continued to exist, although greatly depopulated, until modern times as a town of a few thousand people who lived among the ruins, in the shadow of Mystras.[3] The Palaiologos family (the last Byzantine Greek imperial dynasty) also lived in Mystras. The Despotate of the Morea was captured by the Ottomans under Mehmed II in 1460.

In 1834, after the Greek War of Independence, King Otto of Greece decreed the town should be expanded into a city. Modern-day Sparta, the capital of the prefecture of Lakonia, lies on the eastern foothills of Mount Taygetos in the Evrotas River valley. The city has been built upon the site of ancient Sparta, whose Acropolis lies north of the modern city.[4] To the southwest stands Mt. Taygetos. To the east of the city stands the Parnonas mountain range, which is forested predominantly with Greek fir trees and other conifers.

Modern Sparta's origins date back to October 20, 1834, when King Otto issued a decree on the construction of the new city. Bavarian city planners, headed by Fr. Stauffert, designed a city of 100,000 inhabitants based on the neo-classical architectural model.

Today Sparta maintains its good design, boasting large squares and wide streets lined with trees, while many of the older buildings remain in excellent condition. The city of Sparta is the economic, administrative and cultural center of Lakonia. A key factor in the advancement of the city's development is the operation of two departments of the University of Peloponnese and a department of the Technological Educational Institute.

The centrally located main square is dominated by the most imposing neo-classical building in Sparta, the City Hall. Built in 1909, City Hall bears the signature of the Greek architect G. Katsaros.[5] During the monarchy (which was abolished by referendum in 1973), the title of Duke of Sparta was used for the Greek crown prince, the διάδοχος (diádokhos).

Municipality

[edit]
View of a street
Sparta's Town Hall

The municipality of Sparta was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following seven former municipalities, that became municipal units:[6]

The municipality has an area of 1,181.780 km2, the municipal unit 84.453 km2.[7] The municipal unit consists of the local communities Sparta, Afisi, Amykles, Kalyvia Sochas and Kladas.[6]

Politics

[edit]

Sparta is regarded as one of the most conservative cities in Greece; it has never had a left-wing mayor and it was one of the few cities that voted in 1974 to retain the monarchy.[8] Υet in the 2015 bailout referendum conducted by the left-wing government, vote for "no". [9]

Demographics

[edit]
Year Town Municipal unit Municipality
1961 10,412 — —
1981 12,975 — —
1991 13,011 16,322 —
2001 14,817 19,567 —
2011 17,408 19,854 35,259
2021 17,773 19,865 32,786

Climate

[edit]

The city of Sparta enjoys a sunny and warm Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). January highs are around 14 °C (57 °F) while July and August highs are around 36 °C (97 °F) in the city proper. Sparta records the highest summer average maximum temperatures in Greece.[10] The highest temperature ever recorded in Sparta is 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) in August 2021.[11] On average, Sparta records 6 days per year with temperatures of over 40.0 °C (104.0 °F).[12] In June 2024, Sparta recorded an astonishing mean max temperature of 37.6 °C (99.7 °F). [13] In July 2024 the HNMS station in Sparta registered a record average maximum temperature of 38.6 °C (101.5 °F) while the NOA station registered a record of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) [14]

Climate data for Sparta (2009–2024)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.5
(74.3) 		26.4
(79.5) 		27.2
(81.0) 		34.1
(93.4) 		40.7
(105.3) 		44.4
(111.9) 		44.2
(111.6) 		45.7
(114.3) 		40.3
(104.5) 		36.4
(97.5) 		30.8
(87.4) 		23.5
(74.3) 		45.7
(114.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 14.4
(57.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.5
(65.3) 		23.0
(73.4) 		27.8
(82.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.0
(96.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		25.3
(77.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		16.1
(61.0) 		24.8
(76.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.9
(82.2) 		27.7
(81.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		18.5
(65.3) 		14.1
(57.4) 		10.2
(50.4) 		17.8
(64.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6) 		4.0
(39.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		8.1
(46.6) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		10.8
(51.4)
Record low °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		6.2
(43.2) 		9.4
(48.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		9.1
(48.4) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−5.3
(22.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 122.6
(4.83) 		82.3
(3.24) 		62.1
(2.44) 		31.4
(1.24) 		24.7
(0.97) 		33.1
(1.30) 		11.6
(0.46) 		19.4
(0.76) 		52.2
(2.06) 		61.5
(2.42) 		88.1
(3.47) 		92.0
(3.62) 		681
(26.81)
Source: National Observatory of Athens (Feb 2009 - Aug 2024),[15][16]
Sparta N.O.A station,[17]
Climate data for Sparta Air Base (HNMS ,1974–2004)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 14.4
(57.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		21.3
(70.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		32.2
(90.0) 		34.8
(94.6) 		34.3
(93.7) 		30.5
(86.9) 		25.7
(78.3) 		19.4
(66.9) 		15.2
(59.4) 		24.0
(75.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.8
(60.4) 		21.2
(70.2) 		26.2
(79.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.8
(51.4) 		18.4
(65.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		3.8
(38.8) 		5.5
(41.9) 		7.6
(45.7) 		11.8
(53.2) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.0
(64.4) 		15.3
(59.5) 		12.3
(54.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		10.5
(50.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 90.7
(3.57) 		84.6
(3.33) 		73.3
(2.89) 		66.0
(2.60) 		47.4
(1.87) 		14.6
(0.57) 		18.8
(0.74) 		26.4
(1.04) 		30.8
(1.21) 		54.6
(2.15) 		90.0
(3.54) 		107.9
(4.25) 		705.1
(27.76)
Source: Meteoclub.gr[18]

Tourism

[edit]

Main sites

[edit]
The theater of ancient Sparta with Parnon in the background
Archaeological Museum of Sparta

In the center of the city is the Archaeological Museum. Built by architect G. Katsaros, in 1874–76 to house the collection of local archaeological finds by Panagiotis Stamatakis, it was the first Greek museum in a provincial city.

The city's cathedral is at the southwest end.

The ruins of ancient Sparta lie north of the city. Entering by the South Gate of the Acropolis, known as Lakedaemonia, there is the Rotunda, the Theatre and the Temple of Athena Chalkioikos to the West. Exiting the Acropolis by the North Gate there are the remains of the earliest ancient walls, the Heroon and the Altar of Lycourgos, whereas to the East there is the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia. To the North is the Monastic Church of Osios Nikonas (10th century).

The "Tomb of Leonidas", or Leonidaion (37°04′36″N 22°25′31″E / 37.0767°N 22.4254°E / 37.0767; 22.4254), is a limestone structure of the late 5th century BC, likely a temple, but named for Leonidas I in the 19th century, being the only ancient monument indicated within the limits of the newly planned town in 1834.[19]

Museums

[edit]
  • Archaeological Museum of Sparta
  • The Museum of the Olive and Greek Olive Oil in the South West end highlights the culture of the olive and the technology of olive production, 129 Othonos–Amalias Street [1]
  • Archaeological Museum of Mystras, founded by Gabriel Lilianthal in the late 19th century
  • The Manousakeio Museum of urban and folk life [2]
  • Koumantareios Art Gallery of Sparta [3]
  • Angakis Art Gallery [4]

Sports

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The Spartathlon has taken place every September since 1983. It is an ultramarathon starting in Athens and finishing in Sparta at the statue of Leonidas, with many international participants.

The local football club of Sparta, Laconia was Sparta F.C. The club dissolved in 2019.

People

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Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece

Sparta is twinned with:[20]

References

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  1. ^ Municipality of Sparti, Municipal elections – October 2023, Ministry of Interior
  2. ^ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  3. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
  4. ^ "Αρχαία Σπάρτη". Αρχαιολογία Online (in Greek). Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Modern day Sparta". Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  6. ^ a b "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  7. ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
  8. ^ Greek referendum of 1974 - Laconia and Messinia wanted the King!(el)
  9. ^ https://ekloges-prev.singularlogic.eu/r2015/e/public/index.html#{%22cls%22:%22level%22,%22params%22:{%22level%22:%22ep%22,%22id%22:%2247%22}}
  10. ^ "Meteoclub.gr". Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  11. ^ Deltio data
  12. ^ "Meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα".
  13. ^ "Sparta NOA June 2024 mean max 37.6C". Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  14. ^ "Sparta mean max records". Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  15. ^ "Climate" (in Greek). National Observatory of Athens. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022.
  16. ^ "N.O.A Monthly Bulletins".
  17. ^ "Latest Conditions in Sparta".
  18. ^ Σπάρτη : H υπερδύναμη της καλοκαιρινής ζέστης στην Ελλάδα (in Greek). Meteoclub. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  19. ^ Sofia Voutsaki, Paul Cartledge, Ancient Monuments and Modern Identities: A Critical History of Archaeology in 19th and 20th Century Greece (2017), p. 50f.
  20. ^ "Αδελφοποιημένες Πόλεις". sparti.gov.gr (in Greek). Sparta. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
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