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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Susz |
| name = Susz |
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| image_flag = |
| image_flag = |
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| image_shield = POL Susz COA.svg |
| image_shield = POL Susz COA.svg |
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| image_skyline = Susz1.jpg |
| image_skyline = Susz1.jpg |
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| image_caption = Centre of the town |
| image_caption = Centre of the town |
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| pushpin_map = Poland |
| pushpin_map = Poland |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{POL}} |
| subdivision_name = {{POL}} |
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| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
| population_total = 5610 |
| population_total = 5610 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| coordinates = {{coord|53|43|12|N|19|20|14|E|region:PL|display= |
| coordinates = {{coord|53|43|12|N|19|20|14|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} |
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| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| utc_offset = +1 |
| utc_offset = +1 |
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset_DST = +2 |
| utc_offset_DST = +2 |
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| elevation_m = |
| elevation_m = |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = 14-240 |
| postal_code = 14-240 |
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| registration_plate = NIL |
| registration_plate = NIL |
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| blank_name_sec2 = [[Voivodeship road]]s |
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| ⚫ | |||
| blank_info_sec2 = [[File:DW515-PL.svg|32px]] [[File:DW521-PL.svg|32px]] |
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}} |
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'''Susz''' {{IPAc-pl|s|u|sz}} ({{lang-de|Rosenberg in Westpreußen}}) is a town in [[Iława County]], [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]], with 5,600 inhabitants (2004). |
'''Susz''' {{IPAc-pl|s|u|sz}} ({{lang-de|Rosenberg in Westpreußen}}) is a town in [[Iława County]], [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]], with 5,600 inhabitants (2004). |
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== Geographical location == |
== Geographical location == |
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Susz is |
Susz is situated on the northern and western shores of Suskie Lake about {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=off}} east of [[Kwidzyn]], {{convert|48|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of [[Elbląg]] and {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=off}} south-west of [[Kaliningrad]] at an altitude of {{convert|114|m|ft|abbr=off}} [[above sea level]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Susz-Mury miejskie001.JPG|thumb|left|Remains of the [[defensive walls]] of Susz]] |
[[File:Susz-Mury miejskie001.JPG|thumb|left|Remains of the [[defensive walls]] of Susz]] |
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The town was developed at the site of a former [[Baltic Prussians|Baltic Prussian]] settlement named ''Susse'', from which comes the town's Polish name ''Susz''. Throughout its history the town carried a rose in its coat of arms (in German ''Rosenberg'' means "rose hill"). In 1454, King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] incorporated the town and region to the [[Kingdom of Poland |
The town was developed at the site of a former [[Baltic Prussians|Baltic Prussian]] settlement named ''Susse'', from which comes the town's Polish name ''Susz''. Throughout its history the town carried a rose in its coat of arms (in German ''Rosenberg'' means "rose hill"). In 1454, King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] incorporated the town and the surrounding region to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] upon the request of the [[Prussian Confederation]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949 |publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=[[Poznań]]|language=Polish|page=54}}</ref> and, after the subsequent [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War]], from 1466 it was part of Poland as a [[fiefdom]] held by the [[Teutonic Order]],<ref>Górski, p. 96–97, 214–215</ref> which in 1525 was secularized as the [[Duchy of Prussia]]. From the 18th century the town, known in German as ''Rosenberg,'' was part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], and between 1871 and 1945, it was part of the [[German Reich]]. |
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During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], in 1807, the town was occupied by [[First French Empire|France]]. In the 19th century, the town's Polish inhabitants were subjected to [[Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions|Germanisation]] policies. In October 1831, various Polish infantry units of the [[November Uprising]] stopped in the town on the way to their internment places.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kasparek|first=Norbert|editor-last=Katafiasz|editor-first=Tomasz|year=2014|title=Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu|language=pl|location=Koszalin|publisher=Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie|page=138|chapter=Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację}}</ref> Around 1900, the town had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue. The town was the capital of the [[Kreis Rosenberg in Westpreußen|Rosenberg district]] in the Prussian Province of [[West Prussia]]. According to the census of 1910, Rosenberg had a population of 3,181, of which 3,129 (98.4%) were [[Germans]] and 34 (1.1%) were [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Landesamt|first=Prussia (Kingdom) Statistisches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJdPhIkLJ7AC&pg=RA2-PA46|title=Gemeindelexikon für die regierungsbezirke Allenstein, Danzig, Marienwerder, Posen, Bromberg und Oppeln: Auf grund der ergebnisse der volkszählung vom. 1. Dezember 1910 und anderer amtlicher quellen bearbeitet vom Königlich Preussischen Statistischen Landesamte|date=1912|publisher=verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Landesamts|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rosenberg 10) Westpr.|url=https://s.meyersgaz.org/place/20624060|access-date=2021-07-12|website=s.meyersgaz.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Willkommen bei Gemeindeverzeichnis.de|url=https://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?westpreussen/rosenberg.htm|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de}}</ref> |
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After [[World War I]] and the re-establishment of independent Poland, during the ongoing [[Polish-Bolshevik War]], a [[Warmia and Masuria plebiscite|plebiscite]] was held to determine whether the town was to be part of Germany or the [[Second Polish Republic]] on July 11, 1920. 33,498 voted to remain in Germany, 1,073 voted for Poland. Based on that result the town was included in the [[Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder]] within [[East Prussia]]. From October 26, 1939, until 1945 Rosenberg was part of [[Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder]] in the province of [[Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia]]. During [[World War II]] the Germans operated a subcamp of the [[Stutthof concentration camp]] in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-r/rosenberg-i-westpreuen-susz.html|title=Rosenberg i. Westpreußen (Susz)|accessdate=24 October 2020|language=German}}</ref> In the final stages of the war the town was captured by the [[Red Army]]. After the end of war, the town became again part of Poland under its Polish name ''Susz''. |
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After [[World War I]] and the re-establishment of independent Poland, during the ongoing [[Polish–Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]], a [[1920 East Prussian plebiscite|plebiscite]] was held in parts of East Prussia and West Prussia on 11 July 1920 to determine whether the region was to remain in [[Weimar Republic|Germany]] or join the [[Second Polish Republic]]. In the [[Kreis Rosenberg in Westpreußen|Rosenberg district]], 33,498 (96.9%) voted to remain in Germany and 1,073 (3.1%) voted for Poland. In the town itself, 2,430 votes were cast in favour of Germany and only 8 votes were cast in favour of Poland. Based on that result, the district, along with the town, was included in the [[Marienwerder (region)|Regierungsbezirk West Prussia]] within the Prussian Province of [[East Prussia]] in Germany. |
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After the town had been put under Polish administration almost all German inhabitants who had remained in the town or had returned were [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)|expelled]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} |
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{{multiple image |align=right |perrow=2 |total_width=340 |header=Historic churches of Susz |
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During [[World War II]], from 26 October 1939 until 1945, Rosenberg was part of [[Marienwerder (region)|Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder]] in [[Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia]]. The Germans operated a subcamp of the [[Stutthof concentration camp]] in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-r/rosenberg-i-westpreuen-susz.html|title=Rosenberg i. Westpreußen (Susz)|accessdate=24 October 2020|language=German}}</ref> During the final stages of the war, the town was captured by the [[Red Army]]. After the end of war, the town became again part of Poland under its historic Polish name ''Susz''. After the town had been put under Polish administration, almost all German inhabitants who had remained in the town or had returned were [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|expelled]] to [[Allied-occupied Germany|Germany]] in accordance with the [[Potsdam Agreement]].{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=340 |header=Historic churches of Susz |
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| image1=Saint Anthony of Padua church in Susz (1).jpg |
| image1=Saint Anthony of Padua church in Susz (1).jpg |
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| image2=Saint Rosalia church in Susz (2).jpg |
| image2=Saint Rosalia church in Susz (2).jpg |
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| caption1= |
| caption1=Saint Anthony church |
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| caption2= |
| caption2=Saint Rosalia church |
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}} |
}} |
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=== Ethnic structure in the 19th century === |
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According to German data in [[1846]] the county of Rosenberg had 42480 inhabitants, by [[First language|mother tongue]] 34380 (~81%) [[Germans]] and 8100 (~19%) [[Poles]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belzyt|first=Leszek|date=1996|title=Zur Frage des nationalen Bewußtseins der Masuren im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (auf der Basis statistischer Angaben)|url=https://www.zfo-online.de/index.php/zfo/article/viewFile/134/134|journal=Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung|language=German|volume=Bd. 45, Nr. 1|pages=35 - 71|via=zfo-online}}</ref> |
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=== Number of inhabitants by year === |
=== Number of inhabitants by year === |
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! Year |
! Year |
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! Number<ref name="JFG">[[Johann Friedrich Goldbeck]]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789, [https://books.google. |
! Number<ref name="JFG">[[Johann Friedrich Goldbeck]]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SQw_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10, p. 10, no. 7.]</ref><ref>''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 16, Leipzig 1933, pp. 101–102.</ref><ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: ''[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/rosenberg_op.html Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Rosenberg]'' (2006).</ref><ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, [https://books.google.com/books?id=L_sAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA440 p. 440, no. 56.]</ref> |
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|- |
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| 1788 || align="right" | 781 |
| 1788 || align="right" | 781 |
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| 1829 || align="right" | 1,570 |
| 1829 || align="right" | 1,570 |
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|- |
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| 1831 || align="right" | |
| 1831 || align="right" | 1,295 |
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| 1875 || align="right" | |
| 1875 || align="right" | 3,081 |
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|- |
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| 1880 || align="right" | |
| 1880 || align="right" | 3,044 |
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|- |
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| 1885 || align="right" | 3,055 |
| 1885 || align="right" | 3,055 |
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| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
| 1933 || align="right" | 3,822 |
| 1933 || align="right" | 3,822 |
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|- |
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| 1939 || align="right" | |
| 1939 || align="right" | 4,481 |
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|- |
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| 1943 || align="right" | 4,440 |
| 1943 || align="right" | 4,440 |
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|- |
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| 2006 || |
| 2006 || align="right" | 5,610 |
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|} |
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==Transport== |
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Susz is located at the intersection of [[voivodeship road]]s 515 and 521, and there is also a train station there. |
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==Notable residents== |
==Notable residents== |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]] |
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[[Category:Iława County]] |
[[Category:Iława County]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in Poland]] |
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{{Iława-geo-stub}} |
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[[it:Susz]] |
[[it:Susz]] |
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Revision as of 18:21, 28 July 2024
Susz | |
|---|---|
 Centre of the town | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Susz | |
| Coordinates: 53°43′12″N 19°20′14″E / 53.72000°N 19.33722°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Iława |
| Gmina | Susz |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.67 km2 (2.58 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 5,610 |
| • Density | 840/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 14-240 |
| Vehicle registration | NIL |
| Voivodeship roads |   |
| Website | http://www.susz.pl |
Susz [suʂ] (Template:Lang-de) is a town in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 5,600 inhabitants (2004).
Geographical location
Susz is situated on the northern and western shores of Suskie Lake about 26 kilometres (16 miles) east of Kwidzyn, 48 kilometres (30 miles) south of Elbląg and 130 kilometres (81 miles) south-west of Kaliningrad at an altitude of 114 metres (374 feet) above sea level.
History
The town was developed at the site of a former Baltic Prussian settlement named Susse, from which comes the town's Polish name Susz. Throughout its history the town carried a rose in its coat of arms (in German Rosenberg means "rose hill"). In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the town and the surrounding region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the Prussian Confederation,[1] and, after the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, from 1466 it was part of Poland as a fiefdom held by the Teutonic Order,[2] which in 1525 was secularized as the Duchy of Prussia. From the 18th century the town, known in German as Rosenberg, was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and between 1871 and 1945, it was part of the German Reich.
During the Napoleonic Wars, in 1807, the town was occupied by France. In the 19th century, the town's Polish inhabitants were subjected to Germanisation policies. In October 1831, various Polish infantry units of the November Uprising stopped in the town on the way to their internment places.[3] Around 1900, the town had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue. The town was the capital of the Rosenberg district in the Prussian Province of West Prussia. According to the census of 1910, Rosenberg had a population of 3,181, of which 3,129 (98.4%) were Germans and 34 (1.1%) were Poles.[4][5][6]
After World War I and the re-establishment of independent Poland, during the ongoing Polish-Soviet War, a plebiscite was held in parts of East Prussia and West Prussia on 11 July 1920 to determine whether the region was to remain in Germany or join the Second Polish Republic. In the Rosenberg district, 33,498 (96.9%) voted to remain in Germany and 1,073 (3.1%) voted for Poland. In the town itself, 2,430 votes were cast in favour of Germany and only 8 votes were cast in favour of Poland. Based on that result, the district, along with the town, was included in the Regierungsbezirk West Prussia within the Prussian Province of East Prussia in Germany.
During World War II, from 26 October 1939 until 1945, Rosenberg was part of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. The Germans operated a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp in the town.[7] During the final stages of the war, the town was captured by the Red Army. After the end of war, the town became again part of Poland under its historic Polish name Susz. After the town had been put under Polish administration, almost all German inhabitants who had remained in the town or had returned were expelled to Germany in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.
Historic churches of Susz
Saint Anthony church
Saint Rosalia church
Number of inhabitants by year
| Year | Number[8][9][10][11] |
|---|---|
| 1788 | 781 |
| 1829 | 1,570 |
| 1831 | 1,295 |
| 1875 | 3,081 |
| 1880 | 3,044 |
| 1885 | 3,055 |
| 1890 | 2,909 |
| 1905 | 3,259 |
| 1925 | 3,280 |
| 1933 | 3,822 |
| 1939 | 4,481 |
| 1943 | 4,440 |
| 2006 | 5,610 |
Transport
Susz is located at the intersection of voivodeship roads 515 and 521, and there is also a train station there.
Notable residents
- Artur Fürst (1880–1926), German-Jewish author
- Beata Żbikowska (born 1934), Polish Olympic middle-distance runner
- Krzysztof Trybusiewicz (born 1949), Polish Olympic modern pentathlete
References
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
- ^ Górski, p. 96–97, 214–215
- ^ Kasparek, Norbert (2014). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". In Katafiasz, Tomasz (ed.). Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu (in Polish). Koszalin: Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie. p. 138.
- ^ Landesamt, Prussia (Kingdom) Statistisches (1912). Gemeindelexikon für die regierungsbezirke Allenstein, Danzig, Marienwerder, Posen, Bromberg und Oppeln: Auf grund der ergebnisse der volkszählung vom. 1. Dezember 1910 und anderer amtlicher quellen bearbeitet vom Königlich Preussischen Statistischen Landesamte (in German). verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Landesamts.
- ^ "Rosenberg 10) Westpr". s.meyersgaz.org. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
- ^ "Willkommen bei Gemeindeverzeichnis.de". www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
- ^ "Rosenberg i. Westpreußen (Susz)" (in German). Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789, p. 10, no. 7.
- ^ Der Große Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 16, Leipzig 1933, pp. 101–102.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Rosenberg (2006).
- ^ August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 440, no. 56.
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| Geographic | |
