Telecommunications in Peru
Telecommunications in Peru include radio and television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Regulation
[edit]The technical regulator of communications in Peru is the Presidency of the Minister Council, through the Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (OSIPTEL) in English, Supervisory Agency for Private Investment in Telecommunications. The Ministry of Transport and Communications grants concessions, authorizations, permits and licenses.[1]
The resale of telecommunication services is permitted as a regulated activity. Voice Over IP (VoIP) services are not expressly regulated, but may need a concession or a registry depending on the type of service provided. Carrier interconnection is mandatory and interconnection fees are regulated. The Peruvian government maintains a Telecommunications Investment Fund (FITEL) to promote universal service within the country's most isolated regions, including rural areas and areas of social interest.[1] Following the successful implementation of mobile number portability, the government requires fixed number portability be launched by July 2014.[2]
All telecommunication services have been liberalized and are rendered under a free competition regime according to the Telecommunications Law. Under Peru's single concession regime all telecom services, including fixed-line, mobile, pay TV, and Internet, are provided under unified concessions that cover the entire country.[1]
Privatization began in 1994 when the state-owned companies Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos S.A. (CPT) and Entel Perú were auctioned to Telefónica de España. In December 1994, Entel Perú was merged into CPT. In 1995, CPT changed its name to Telefónica del Perú S.A. (TdP).[1] Telefónica del Perú continues to dominate the market for basic telephone services.[3]
The operation of broadcasting companies is governed by the Law of Radio and Television (Law Nº 28278). Spectrum is managed and controlled by the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC).[1]
Radio and television
[edit]- Radio stations: More than 2,000 radio stations, including a substantial number of indigenous language stations (2010).[4]
- Radios: 24 million (2005).[needs update]
- TV networks: 10 major TV networks of which only one, Television Nacional de Peru, is state-owned; multi-channel cable TV services are available (2010).[4]
- Television sets: 5.5 million (2003).[needs update]
- Pay television subscribers: 2,015,805 (September 2019).[5]
- Broadcast television system: NTSC,[6] NTSC broadcasts to be abandoned by 31 December 2017, simulcasting ISDB-Tb.[7]
Telephones
[edit]
- Calling code: +51.[4]
- International call prefix: 00[8]
- Fixed lines: 3.4 million lines in use (2012).[4][9]
- Fixed-line teledensity: about 12 per 100 persons (2010).[4]
- Mobile subscribers: 15.2 million unique subscribers (end of 2013).[10]
- Mobile lines: 29.4 million (2012),[4] 29.6 million (2013).[10]
- Mobile teledensity: exceeds 100 telephones per 100 persons, spurred by competition among multiple providers (2010).[4]
- Domestic system: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations, which is adequate for most requirements (2010).[4]
- International communication cables: South America-1 (SAm-1) and Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cables link to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and the US (2010).[4]
- International satellite earth stations: 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010).[4]
Peru's fixed-line penetration is the third lowest in South America after Bolivia and Paraguay. Barriers include widespread poverty, expensive services, little meaningful competition, and the geographical barriers imposed by the Andean mountains and Amazon jungles.[3]
Under the name Movistar, Telefónica del Perú dominates the basic telephone market. América Móvil’s Claro occupies second place, while Americatel Peru is third with roughly 1% of the market. The remaining companies have market shares below 0.3%.[3]
Mobile penetration is below the regional average with about one quarter of the population having no mobile phone at all, while others, primarily in urban areas, have multiple subscriptions.[11]
Telefónica, operating as Movistar, is the mobile leader; América Móvil, operating as Claro, is second; and Mobile Perú is third. Vietnam's Viettel is expected to begin offering mobile services in the second half of 2014 and Virgin Mobile is expected to enter the market as a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO).[11]
Internet
[edit]- Top-level domain: .pe.[4]
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 158 providers[dubious – discuss] (2005).[needs update]
- Internet hosts: 234,102 hosts (2012).[4]
- Internet users: 11.3 million users, 37th in the world; 38.2% of the population, 115th in the world (2012).[12]
- Fixed broadband: 1.4 million subscriptions, 49th in the world; 4.8% of the population, 107th in the world (2012).[13]
- Mobile broadband: 820,295 subscriptions, 77th in the world; 2.8% of the population, 121st in the world (2012).[14]
Peru enjoyed a remarkably high dial-up Internet penetration rate, but broadband Internet penetration is more than two-thirds below the average for Latin America and Caribbean countries. Barriers include widespread poverty, limited literacy, limited computer ownership and access, rugged topography and, perhaps most significant, a lack of meaningful competition which has made broadband Internet access in Peru one of the slowest and most expensive in the region.[15]
Internet censorship and surveillance
[edit]In 2011 the OpenNet Initiative reported no evidence of Internet filtering in all areas (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) for which it tests.[16]
There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without appropriate legal authority.[17] Individuals and groups engage in the free expression of views via the Internet, including by e-mail. The chief impediment to Internet access is a lack of infrastructure.
The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally respects these rights. Generally, an independent press and a functioning democratic political system combine to promote freedom of speech and press. A number of journalists and media outlets report experiencing threats or intimidation. Some observers claim that media outlets self-censor for fear of harassment or violence. The Press and Society Institute (IPYS) reports that the aggressors are often government officials (e.g., mayors, heads of government offices, regional presidents). The penal code criminalizes libel, and officials reportedly use it to intimidate reporters. The law designates all information about national security and defense as secret. Press freedom activists and local NGOs, such as IPYS, criticized the law as an attack on transparency, freedom of information, and freedom of the press.[17]
In October 2013 the government passed a cybercrimes law designed to combat data sharing and the illegal access of information. The Press and Society Institute (IPYS) and other local NGOs criticized the law as legally ambiguous and argued that it could be used broadly to target journalists and limit freedom of the press.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.
- ^ a b c d e "Peru Telecommunication Regulation" Archived 2014-08-10 at the Wayback Machine, Maria Luisa Gubbins, Lex Mundi, 2010.
- ^ "Peru - Telecom Market Trends, Key Statistics and Regulatory Overview", Budde.com, 21 May 2014.
- ^ a b c "Peru - Fixed-Line Market and Infrastructure - Overview, Statistics and Forecasts", Budde.com, 21 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Peru", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
- ^ "Suscriptores de TV paga por empresa"[permanent dead link] [Pay TV company subscribers] (in Spanish), Organismo Regulador de las Telecomunicaciones del Perú (OSIPTEL).
- ^ Michael Hegarty; Anne Phelan; Lisa Kilbride (1 January 1998). Classrooms for Distance Teaching and Learning: A Blueprint. Leuven University Press. pp. 260–. ISBN 978-90-6186-867-5.
- ^ Philip J. Cianci (9 January 2012). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-0-7864-8797-4.
- ^ Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010)), Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ "Líneas telefónicas instaladas por empresa" [Telephone lines installed by company] (in Spanish), Organismo Regulador de las Telecomunicaciones del Perú (OSIPTEL).
- ^ a b "Country Overview: Peru" Archived 2015-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, GSMA Mobile for Development Impact.
- ^ a b "Peru - Mobile Market - Insights, Statistics and Forecasts", Budde.com, 6 August 2014.
- ^ "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012", International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012" Archived 2019-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012" Archived 2019-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Peru - Broadband and Broadcasting Market - Overview, Statistics and Forecasts", Budde.com, 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", OpenNet Initiative, 20 September 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b c "Peru", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 11 March 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
External links
[edit]- .pe domain registration web site (in Spanish)
- Ministry of Transport and Communications Archived 2014-07-27 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
- Organismo Supervisor de Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (OSIPTEL) (in Spanish)
