Timeline of Białystok
- This is a sub-article to History of Białystok
The city of Białystok has existed for five centuries, during all this time the fate of the city has passed between various political and economic forces. The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.
Prior to 19th century
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- 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.[1]
- 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
- 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
- 1697 - Branicki Palace built.[2]
- 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok[3]
- 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded[4]
- 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits[5]
- 1753 the center of the city burns down
- 1756 Jan Klemens Branicki is divorced from his third wife
- 1763–1768 – Municipal hospital founded by Jan Klemens Branicki.[6]
- 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok part of the War of the Bar Confederation (Battle of Białystok (1769))
- 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska[3]
- 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
- 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
- third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 it first belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia as the administrative seat of the Białystok Department
- 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka
19th century
- 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school[3]
- 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
- 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
- 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
- 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
- 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
- 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
- 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
- 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
- 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
- 1842 - Town becomes capital of the Belostok Oblast of the Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire.
- 1845 - Woollen mill built.[1]
- 1857 - Population: 13,787.[1]
- 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
- 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
- 1861
- 16 March: Prayers were held by local Poles and Jews in memory of Polish protesters massacred by the Russians in Warsaw a few weeks earlier.[7]
- 3 May: The Russians arrested several Polish students during the celebration of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.[8]
- 9 June: Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, representative of the Whites, arrives in the city
- 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
- 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the Polish January Uprising in the Białystok area
- 15 February 1864 - Battle of the January Uprising was fought near Białystok.[9]
- 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
- 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
- 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
- 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
- 1897 - Population: 63,927.[10]
- 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department
20th century
- 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
- 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews by the Russians.[11]
- 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
- 1912
- 1913 - Great Synagogue built.
- 1915 - City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
- 1919
- Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
- Białostoczek becomes part of city.[citation needed]
- 1920
- 22 September: Battle of Białystok - Polish victory over the invading Russian forces.
- Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.
- 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.[14]
- 1928 - Polmos Białystok founded.
- 1934 - Seweryn Nowakowski, considered one of the greatest mayors of Białystok, becomes mayor.[15]
- 1937
- Podlaska Cavalry Brigade of the Polish Army formed and stationed in Białystok.
- Population: 100,101.[14]
- 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.
- 1939
- September: German occupation after the invasion of Poland, which started World War II
- 20–21 September: The German Einsatzgruppe IV entered the city to commit crimes against the population.[16]
- 22 September: City handed over by the Germans to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Soviet occupation begins.
- October: Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski arrested by the NKVD and probably deported to the USSR; his fate remains unknown.[15]
- November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;[2] and capital of the Belastok Voblast.
- 1940 - 17 July: Ryszard Kaczorowski, member of the local Polish resistance movement and future President of Poland in exile, arrested by the NKVD.[17]
- 1941
- 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins.
- City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
- July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.[11]
- 1942 - 2 November: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jewish men.[18]
- 1943
- February: The German Sicherheitspolizei begins deporations of Poles including teenage boys from the local Nazi prison to the Stutthof concentration camp.[19]
- 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[2]
- 1944
- July: occupied by the Soviets
- September: the city returned to Poland, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
- 1946 - Population: 56,759.[14]
- 1948 - Hetman Białystok football club formed.
- 1949 - Podlaskie Museum founded.
- 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
- 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.[21]
- 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok established.
- 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.
- 1974
- Białystok University of Technology active.
- Population: 187,100.[22]
- 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
- 1990
- Białystok History Museum founded.
- Lech Rutkowski becomes mayor.
- Piłsudski monument, Białystok installed at Kościuszko Square.
- 1991 - Roman Catholic diocese of Białystok established.[23]
- 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).[20]
- 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.
21st century
- 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
- 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
- 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
- 2009
- Zamenhof Centre opens.
- World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
- 2012 - Population: 294,900.[24]
See also
- History of Białystok
- Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok
References
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.
- ^ a b c d Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c George Lerski (1996). "Bialystok". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
- ^ a b c Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish)
- ^ "Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię". Białystok Online (in Polish). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
- ^ Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish)
- ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Dom staromiejski". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim (in Polish). Białystok: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Oddział Białystok. 2013. p. 8. ISBN 978-83-88372-50-6.
- ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 9
- ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 13
- ^ "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1898. hdl:2027/njp.32101020157267.
- ^ a b "Białystok". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Zespół więzienia carskiego, ob. areszt śledczy". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Bialystok", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 213, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b Sylwia Wieczeryńska. "Wystawa „Seweryn Nowakowski – zaginiony prezydent Białegostoku" – od piątku". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 55.
- ^ "Ryszard Kaczorowski (1919 - 2010)". Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bialystok". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 187.
- ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland.
Review Tables: Cities
Bibliography
- "Byelostok", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 3, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752920
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Byelostok", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Bialystok". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t6zw2kd65. OCLC 1328163 – via HathiTrust.
- William Henry Beable (1919), "Byelystok", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
- Rebecca Kobrin (7 May 2010). Jewish Bialystok and its Diaspora. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00428-4.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Białystok.
- Map of Bialystok, 1967 (via Digital Public Library of America)
