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2018 California's 39th congressional district election

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2018 California's 39th congressional district election
← 2016 November 6, 2018 2020 →
 
Candidate Gil Cisneros Young Kim
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 126,002 118,391
Percentage 51.6% 48.4%
County results
Cisneros:      50–60%
Kim:      50–60%
U.S. Representative before election

Ed Royce
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Gil Cisneros
Democratic

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The 2018 California's 39th congressional district election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, with a primary election being held on June 5, 2018.

This election was one of several 53 House elections that was held in California and 435 nationwide, but it had been called "the weirdest race in the country" due to an over-abundance of Democratic candidates potentially spoiling the ability for any Democrats to place first or second in the primary.[1] Under election rules the top two vote-getters in the jungle primary advanced to the November general election, regardless of party affiliation.[2]

The primary election was held on June 5, 2018. Republican Assemblywoman Young Kim and Democrat Gil Cisneros came in first and second place respectively, assuaging fears that two candidates from the same party would advance.[3]

The general election was held on November 6. On November 17, AP News projected that Cisneros had won the election.[4]

Background

[edit]

The 39th district straddles the Los Angeles–Orange–San Bernardino tri-county border and includes Chino Hills, Diamond Bar, and Fullerton.

In January 2018, Republican Ed Royce, who had represented the 39th district since 2013 and previously represented the 40th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 39th district from 1993 to 2003, announced his plans not to run for reelection.[5] During his tenure in Congress, Royce was chairman of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs. According to Rep. Steve Stivers, Republicans needed to win in suburban districts like Orange County's to hold their majority.[6]

After Royce's retirement, the district was considered a prime opportunity for a Democratic pickup, citing dissatisfaction with the Trump administration and the strength of Hillary Clinton's 8 percent lead in the district's vote in the 2016 United States presidential election.[7][8][9][10] The proportion of voters in the district who were registered Republican dropped from 40 to 35 percent since 2012, but Republicans believed that their turnout would be significantly larger than Democrats'.[11] Moreover, as of January 2018, there were still more voters in the district registered as Republicans than as Democrats (128,375 to 123,849).[12][13]

Democrats hoped to have a demographic advantage in this district, since it was less than 30 percent white.[14] However, several commentators (including Cook) speculated that an Asian American nominee would have an edge in this district, regardless of party, as Democrat Jay Chen did against Royce in the 2012 district election.[15][16] In 2018, the district was conservative and upper-middle class with only 35 percent of the population identifying as Hispanic and the majority identifying as white or Asian.[17] Specifically, Asians made up around 32 percent of the district.[18]

Royce's retirement led the Cook Political Report to move CA-39 from lean Republican to lean Democratic.[19] The New York Times rated this district a tossup.[20]

Primary election

[edit]

The primary election in 2018 had a large number of Democrats and Republicans. As the election drew near, Democratic organizations like the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) became concerned that the flood of Democratic candidates might split the vote, causing two Republicans to win the nomination. In June, the race was reported to be the most expensive race in California, drawing $10 million in spending.[1] A majority of the spending was attributed to Democratic frontrunners Gil Cisneros and Andy Thorburn, who were able to personally fund their own respective campaigns, and ran increasingly negative ads targeting one another.[1] On June 5, Republican Young Kim and Democrat Gil Cisneros finished in first and second place, advancing to the general election.

Candidates

[edit]

The district had 17 candidates heading into the June 5 primary — six Democrats, seven Republicans, two American Independents and two no party preference candidates.[21]

A poll from Fight Back California PAC found that when presented with a list of the three Republicans and four Democrats with some name recognition, Republican Young Kim led the pack with 21 percent of the vote, followed by Republican Bob Huff (19 percent), Democrat Gil Cisneros (16 percent), and Democrat Andy Thorburn (16 percent).[14]

During the primary, initially seven Democratic candidates split the vote in the district, all but blocking the party from making an endorsement there;[14] the district was one of three (the other two being the 48th and 49th) that Democrats were concerned they could lose in the primary due to vote-splitting.[22][23] The party held a pre-endorsement conference in January and urged some candidates to withdraw.

Although the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee backed Gil Cisneros,[24] including by adding him to its "Red to Blue" program, which offered designated candidates financial and organizational support, it did not officially endorse him.[25] Tran was endorsed by Emily's List and by the Feminist Majority Foundation. The California and Orange County Democratic parties did not endorse anyone.[26] Thorburn has been endorsed by the California Nurses Association.[27]

Scientist Phil Janowicz dropped out of the race to avoid splitting the Democratic vote.[28] Potential candidate Jay Chen also opted not to run, saying, "The greatest contribution I can make right now is to help consolidate the field, by stepping away from it." The DCCC praised his move.[29] Chen's dropping out was cited as an example of how self-funding millionaires drove less wealthy Democrats out of California primaries, as Cisneros obtained his wealth from winning a Mega Millions lottery jackpot.[30]

Republicans were less eager than Democrats to thin the herd of candidates, which is why the Young Guns program includes both Kim and Nelson on its list.[31]

Republican

[edit]

Republican candidates campaigned chiefly on increased border security and an end to California sanctuary state law.[11]

Bob Huff
[edit]

Bob Huff is a former state senator who represented California's 29th State Senate district.

Bob Huff (R)

Organizations

  • San Diego Asian Americans for Equality[32]
  • Silicon Valley Chinese Association[33]
Young Kim
[edit]

Young Kim is a former Assemblywoman who represented California's 65th State Assembly district. She emigrated from South Korea in 1975, graduated from University of Southern California in 1981, worked in a bank and then as a controller of a ladieswear manufacturing firm, and served in Royce's congressional office for 21 years as community liaison and director of Asian affairs and has received Royce's endorsement.[18]

Kim said she wants to create jobs and keep taxes low.[18] She said she wanted to increase border security and ensure those brought to the U.S. "as children without legal documentation are treated fairly and with compassion."[18]

Young Kim (R)

Federal-level officials

U.S. Representatives

State Assembly members

Local-level officials

  • Cecilia Hupp, Mayor, City of Brea
  • Marty Simonoff, Councilman, City of Brea
  • Paul Ruiz, Clerk of the Board, Brea Unified School District
  • Virginia Vaughn, Mayor, City of Buena Park
  • Patsy Marshall, Former Mayor, City of Buena Park
  • James Gomez, Councilman, City of La Habra
  • Mark Perumean, President of the Board of Directors, La Habra Heights County Water District
  • Michael Vo, City of Fountain Valley
  • Don Bankhead, Former Mayor, City of Fullerton
  • Pat McKinley, Former Police Chief and Councilman, City of Fullerton
  • Dick Jones, Former Mayor, City of Fullerton
  • Stephanie Klopfenstein, Councilwoman, City of Garden Grove
  • Chris Phan, Former Councilman, City of Garden Grove
  • Michele Steggell, Councilwoman, City of La Palma
  • Rhonda Shader, Councilwoman, City of Placentia
  • Peter Kim, Councilman, City of La Palma
  • Gerard Goedhart, Councilman, City of La Palma
  • Mark Waldman, Former Mayor, City of La Palma
  • Christine Barnes, Former Mayor, City of La Palma
  • Charlene Hatakeyama, Former Mayor, City of La Palma
  • Stacy Berry, Councilwoman, City of Cypress
  • Dr. Prakash Narain, Former Mayor, City of Cypress
  • Tim Keenan, City of Cypress
  • Steve Nagel, Mayor Pro Tem, City of Fountain Valley
  • Dean Grose, Councilman, City of Los Alamitos
  • Joe Carcchio, Councilman, City of Huntington Beach
  • Mike Posey, Mayor, City of Huntington Beach
  • Patrick Brenden, Councilman, City of Huntington Beach
  • Michael Gates, City Attorney, City of Huntington Beach
  • Carol Chen, Former Mayor, City of Cerritos
  • George Ray, Councilman, City of Cerritos
  • Bruce Barrows, Former Mayor, City of Cerritos
  • Jim Edwards, Councilman, City of Cerritos
  • Diane Dixon, Councilwoman, City of Newport Beach
  • Kimberly Ho, Councilwoman, City of Westminster
  • Tony Lam, Former Councilman, City of Westminster
  • David Shawver, Mayor, City of Stanton
  • Al Ethans, Councilman, City of Stanton
  • Rigoberto Ramirez, Councilman, City of Stanton
  • Ed Royce Sr., Former Mayor, City of Stanton
  • Greg Raths, Mayor Pro Tem, City of Mission Viejo
  • Laurie Davies, Councilwoman, City of Laguna Niguel
  • Diana C. Fascenelli, Councilwoman, City of Villa Park
  • Robbie Pitts, Councilman, City of Villa Park
  • Tara Campbell, Councilwoman, City of Yorba Linda
  • Tony Rackauckas, DA, Orange County DA
  • Sandra Hutchens, Sheriff, OC Sherriff
  • Michelle Steel, Supervisor, OC Board of Supervisors
  • Michael Antonovich, LA County Supervisor (Ret.)
  • Cynthia Coad, Former Supervisor, OC Board of Supervisors

Educators

  • Baltes, Trustee, La Habra City School District
  • Jack Bedell, Trustee President, OC Board of Education
  • Soo Yoo, President of the Board, ABC USD
  • James Na, Clerk of the Board, Chino Valley Unified School District
  • Janny Meyer, Fullerton School District
  • Hilda Sugarman, Fullerton School District
  • Alexandria Coronado, Former Trustee, Anaheim Board of Edu
  • Ryan Bent, Trustee, North OC Community College District
  • Norman Hsu, Retired Board Member, Hacienda La Puente USD
  • Dr. Joseph Chang, Board Trustee, Hacienda LA Puente USD
  • Dr. Chae-Jin Lee, Claremont McKenna College

Other individuals

  • Michael Schroeder, Former California Republican Party Chairman
  • John Jungmin Kim, Former Chairman, CA Acupuncture Board
  • Charles Kim, Former Vice Chair, CA Acupuncture Board
  • Nancy Lee, President, BKSCA
  • Michael Kim, Former Planning Commissioner, City of Brea
  • John and Terri Briscoe, Former President, CRA (ID only)
  • Josie Anderson, Retired Social Services Manager, City of La Habra
  • Ed Laird, LCOC Member
  • Elvira Moreno, President, Rep Club North Orange County
  • John Hsu, STC Leadership Academy, Rowland Heights
  • Jim Horn, retired American Diplomat, Author, Activist
  • One Chu, RH Parents and Education Foundation
  • Michael Zhang, Esq., Law Offices of Michael Zhang, Chinese Community TV Personality and Leader

Organizations

Phil Liberatore
[edit]

Phil Liberatore is a Certified Public Accountant, founder of IRS Problem Solvers, and author of God, Money and You.

Shawn Nelson
[edit]

Shawn Nelson was a former Orange County Supervisor at the time of the election; he is now a top official in the Orange County District Attorney's office.

Shawn Nelson (R)

U.S. Representatives

State Senators

State Assembly members

Local-level officials

Other individuals

Organizations

  • Lincoln Club of Orange County

[37] Newspapers

Democratic

[edit]

Democratic candidates advocated for tax reform to end tax cuts for the wealthy.[11] and supported universal health care.[27] The candidates supported banning assault weapons and implementing universal background checks on gun purchases. Democratic candidate Andy Thorburn sent out mailers accusing candidate Gil Cisneros of investing millions of dollars in gun industry stock.[11]

Andy Thorburn
[edit]

Andy Thorburn is a former teacher and union activist who made his wealth in the insurance business. He was CEO of Foothill Ranch-based Global Benefits Group from 2005 to 2015, and remains its largest stockholder.[39] Thorburn supported a Medicare for all healthcare system.[27]

Andy Thorburn (D)

State Senators

State Assembly members

Local-level officials

  • Gina Clayton-Tarvin, Ocean View School District board member
  • Rick Tuttle, former Los Angeles City Controller

Other individuals

  • Abel Valenzuela, director of UCLA's Institute for Research on Labor and Employment

Organizations

[40]

Gil Cisneros
[edit]

Gil Cisneros is a Navy veteran and former shipping and distribution manager at Frito-Lay who won a lottery jackpot of $266 million with his wife in 2010.[41] Cisneros raised the issue of homelessness among veterans, vowing to fight any attempts to defund or weaken HUD-VASH.[42][43]

Gil Cisneros (D)

Federal-level officials

U.S. Representatives

State Assembly members

Local-level officials

  • Manuel Baca, Mt. San Antonio College Trustee
  • Michael Blazey, La Habra Mayor Pro Tempore
  • Zeke Hernandez, Rancho Community College District Trustee
  • Jeanette Vazquez, Fullerton Elementary School District board member
  • Jesus Silva, Fullerton City Councilman

Other individuals

Organizations

[47]

Sam Jammal
[edit]

Sam Jammal is a former Obama administration official.[48]

Sam Jammal (D)

Federal-level officials

  • Cecilia Muñoz, former Director of the Obama White House Domestic Policy Council

Organizations

  • Climate Hawks Vote
  • Democracy for America
  • International Longshore and Warehouse Union
  • International Longshore and Warehouse Union, Local 13
  • International Longshore and Warehouse Union, Local 63
  • International Longshore and Warehouse Union, Local 94
  • International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 36
  • Orange County Young Democrats[49]

[50]

Mai Khanh Tran
[edit]

Mai Khanh Tran is a pediatrician. Despite pressure from Democratic officials, she has refused to drop out, saying she is "the only qualified woman, the only immigrant and the only physician in the race".[24]

Mai-Khanh Tran (D)

U.S. Representatives

State Assembly members

Local-level officials

  • Katrina Foley, Costa Mesa City Councilwoman
  • Amy Thomas Howorth, Manhattan Beach Mayor
  • Wayne Lee, Millbrae Councilman
  • Polly Low, Mayor of Rosemead
  • Michele Martinez, Santa Ana Mayor Pro Tem
  • Diedre Thu-Ha Nguyen, Garden Grove City Councilwoman
  • Ali Sajjad Taj, Artesia City Councilman

Educators

  • Dr. Shin Liu, Cerritos College Board of Trustees
  • Jamison Powers, Westminster School Board

Organizations

[51]

Primary election polling

[edit]
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Gil
Cisneros
(D) 		Steve
Cox
(NPP) 		Bob
Huff
(R) 		Sam
Jammal
(D) 		Young
Kim
(R) 		Shawn
Nelson
(R) 		Andy
Thorburn
(D) 		Mai-Khanh
Tran
(D) 		Steve
Vargas
(R) 		Other Undecided
Tulchin Research (D-Cisneros)[52] May 16–20, 2018 500 ± 4.4% 20% – 14% 7% 14% 8% 11% 5% 6% 1%[53] 15%
Mellman Group (D-Thorburn)[54] March 30 – April 7, 2018 400 ± 4.9% 11% – 10% 4% 13% 10% 11% 6% – – 35%
Tulchin Research (D–Cisneros)[55] March 18–25, 2018 700 ± 3.7% 19% – 12% 4% 11% 13% 10% 6% 2% 3%[56] 20%
Change Research (D)[57] March 4–8, 2018 680 — 16% – 19% – 22% 9% 16% 6% – 11%[58] –
10% 5% 12% 5% 15% 6% 8% 4% 7% 33%[59] –

Fundraising

[edit]

Millionaires Andy Thorburn and Gil Cisneros have loaned their campaigns $2.3 million and $2 million respectively.[60] As of March 31, Kim raised more than $600,000, according to FEC filings, fourth most in the race and the most for a Republican.[18] Kim received $178,000 in mailers and web ads,[11] and $316,998 altogether, from The American Future Fund. The California Freedom and Prosperity Fund PAC spent about $85,000 opposing Kim, while spending five figures boosting Nelson.[61]

In May, the race in the 39th district had seen the fourth most money spent of any House race in the nation.[11] As of June, $10 million had been spent, making the race the most expensive in the state.[62]

Advertising

[edit]

Young Kim was the first Republican in the election to launch a TV ad. The ad highlights her connection to Royce, her record as a state legislator, and her family history. Two Democrats in the race, Navy veteran and lottery winner Gil Cisneros and Andy Thorburn, also launched TV ads in April.[10] Sam Jammal narrated an advertisement from a dog's point of view.[63]

As of May 15, 2018, House Majority PAC and Priorities USA Action planned to air ads targeting Bob Huff and Shawn Nelson, in an effort to help their chosen candidate, Cisneros. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, a week prior, had made a nearly $450,000 ad buy targeting those same two candidates.[64] The anti-Nelson ad accuses him of hypocrisy over pensions.[65] The anti-Huff ad says, "He huffs and he puffs but would make your taxes go up."[66]

The DCCC ads did not target Young Kim, who was seen as the leading Republican and was endorsed by Royce to succeed him, since the purpose of the ads was to put a Democrat in the top two[25] by ensuring that Kim is the only Republican to reach the general election.[67] As of May, the DCCC undertook an operation including mailers and digital ads (via platforms such as Google, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat), aimed at registering and turning out the party's voters.[22]

Cisneros and Thorburn each launched dueling websites panning their rival. Cisneros's campaign accused Thorburn of tax-evasion, while Thorburn's camp has a site calling Cisneros a gun lover.[68] In May, California Democratic Party Chairman Eric Bauman announced that he had helped to engineer a deal between Thorburn and Cisneros to stop attacking each other and instead focus on "promoting their positive visions" and "highlighting their contrast with the corrupt, incompetent Trump Republicans." Both candidates took down their negative websites against each other.[65]

In May, the DCCC announced its first Spanish-language midterm TV ad in favor of Cisneros. The ad criticized Republicans for trying to cut funds for education and student aid, and for denying Dreamers a path to citizenship.[69] Meanwhile, House Majority PAC sent out mailing pieces to Republican and independent voters tying Phil Liberatore to President Trump, a move to raise the underfunded Liberatore's name recognition and try to siphon off votes from other GOP candidates to him. The ads point out Liberatore's desire for a border wall and an end to sanctuary cities, and his endorsement by Joe Arpaio.[70]

Primary results

[edit]
Results by county
Kim:      20–30%
Cisneros:      20–30%
Liberatore:      20–30%
California's 39th congressional district election, 2018
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Young Kim 30,019 21.2
Democratic Gil Cisneros 27,469 19.4
Republican Phil Liberatore 20,257 14.3
Democratic Andy Thorburn 12,990 9.2
Republican Shawn Nelson 9,750 6.9
Republican Bob Huff 8,699 6.2
Democratic Sam Jammal 7,613 5.4
Democratic Mai-Khanh Tran 7,430 5.3
Democratic Herbert H. Lee 5,988 4.2
Republican Steven C. Vargas 4,144 2.9
Democratic Suzi Park Leggett 2,058 1.5
Republican John J. Cullum 1,747 1.2
No party preference Karen Lee Schatzle 903 0.6
No party preference Steve Cox 856 0.6
Republican Andrew Sarega 823 0.6
American Independent Sophia J. Alexander 523 0.4
American Independent Ted Alemayhu 176 0.1
Total votes 141,445 100.0

General election

[edit]

The primary election was held on June 5, 2018. Under election rules the top two vote-getters in the jungle primary advanced to November, regardless of party affiliation.[2] Republican Assemblywoman Young Kim and Democrat Gil Cisneros came in first and second place respectively, advancing to the general election.[3]

Debate

[edit]
2018 California's 39th congressional district debate
No. Date Host Moderator Link Republican Democratic
Key:
 P  Participant   A  Absent   N  Not invited   I  Invited  W  Withdrawn
Young Kim Gil Cisneros
1 Oct. 16, 2018 KOCE-TV Rick Reiff [71] P P

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
538[72] Tossup November 6, 2018
Daily Kos[73] Tossup November 5, 2018
RCP[74] Tossup November 5, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball[75] Lean R November 5, 2018
Inside Elections[76] Tossup November 5, 2018
The Cook Political Report[77] Tossup November 5, 2018

Polling

[edit]

In the three months prior to the election FiveThirtyEight projected a close election, with Kim and Cisneros each respectively having a 65.2% and 62.2% chance of winning at their peak.[78]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Young
Kim (R) 		Gil
Cisneros (D) 		Undecided
NYT Upshot/Siena College[79] October 18–23, 2018 496 ± 4.6% 46% 47% 7%
Tulchin Research (D-Cisneros)[80] September 28 – October 2, 2018 400 ± 4.9% 47% 48% 4%
UC Berkeley[81] September 16–23, 2018 552 ± 6.0% 48% 49% 3%
Monmouth University[82] September 13–16, 2018 300 LV ± 5.7% 51% 41% 8%
402 RV ± 4.9% 46% 42% 12%
Tulchin Research (D-Cisneros)[83] August 1–6, 2018 600 ± 4.0% 42% 53% 5%
DCCC (D)[84] June 10, 2018 – – 45% 43% –
Remington (R)[85] January 10–11, 2018 761 ± 3.48% 41% 38% –
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		Young
Kim (R) 		Mai Khanh
Tran (D) 		Undecided
Remington Research Group[86] January 10–11, 2018 761 ± 3.48% 42% 33% 25%
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		Ed
Royce (R) 		Gil
Cisneros (D) 		Undecided
Tulchin Research (D–Gil Cisneros)[87] November 12–19, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 48% 44% 8%
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		Ed
Royce (R) 		Democratic
Opponent (D) 		Undecided
PPP/Patriot Majority USA[88] December 11–12, 2017 — — 43% 46% 11%
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		Generic
Republican (R) 		Generic
Democrat (D) 		Undecided
PPP/Patriot Majority USA[89] February 12–13, 2018 657 ± 3.8% 43% 45% 12%
Remington Research Group[86] January 10–11, 2018 761 ± 3.48% 47% 47% 6%

Results

[edit]

The general election was held on November 6. In the first few days following the election, Young Kim was leading in the reported results.[90] However, ballots in California only have to be postmarked on election day,[91] and other races in California that might had shifted from Republican election night leads to Democratic victories.[92] The Mercury News reported speculation that Democratic swings in the days following the election were "due to Democratic voters being more likely to cast their ballots on election day or mail them in at the last minute, instead of voting early".[93] This is a documented example of the American electoral phenomenon of blue shift.[94] Over the next few days, Cisneros pulled ahead of Young Kim.[95] On November 17, AP News projected that Cisneros had won the election.[4] County officials published their final results on December 7, 2018.[96]

California's 39th congressional district election, 2018
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gil Cisneros 126,002 51.6
Republican Young Kim 118,391 48.4
Total votes 244,393 100.0
Democratic gain from Republican

Results by county

[edit]

Results by county. Blue represents counties won by Cisneros. Red represents counties won by Kim.

County Cisneros (D) Kim (R) Total
Votes % Votes % Votes
Los Angeles 34,356 58.2% 24,725 41.8% 59,081
Orange 78,059 49.3% 80,123 50.7% 158,182
San Bernardino 13,587 50.1% 13,543 49.9% 27,130
Totals 126,002 51.6% 118,391 48.4% 229,860

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Schneider, Elena (June 3, 2018). "This is the weirdest race in the country". Politico. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  2. ^ a b Blood, Michael R. (May 5, 2018). "California's Orange County could determine Congress control". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  3. ^ a b Martin, Jonathan; Arango, Tim (June 6, 2018). "Democrats Find Relief in California House Race Results". The New York Times.
  4. ^ a b "Democrat Cisneros nabs GOP House seat in Southern California". AP NEWS. November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  5. ^ Bowman, Bridget (January 8, 2018). "House Foreign Affairs Chairman Ed Royce Announces Retirement". Roll Call. Washington, DC. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  6. ^ Blood, Michael R. (May 2, 2018). "California's Orange County could determine Congress control". Seattle Times.
  7. ^ Phillips, Amber (March 18, 2018). "The top 10 House races of 2018". Washington Post.
  8. ^ Schneider, Elena (December 25, 2017). "The top 10 House races to watch in 2018". Politico.
  9. ^ Rothenberg, Stuart (May 14, 2018). "Rothenberg's Dangerous Dozen Open House Seats". Inside Elections.
  10. ^ a b Bowman, Bridget (April 19, 2018). "Young Kim Launches First TV Ad in California's 39th District". Roll Call.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Graham, Jordan (May 18, 2018). "The CA 39th: Candidates, intrigue, money and, now, a truce". Orange County Register.
  12. ^ Kennedy, Corinne S. (March 8, 2018). "Democrats could turn some California GOP districts blue — if they get on the same page". The Desert Sun.
  13. ^ "Report of Registration - January 2, 2018". California Secretary of State. January 2, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
  14. ^ a b c Rapfogel, Adam (April 2, 2018). "California's Jungle Primary Will Change Election Outcomes this November". Gordian Digital. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  15. ^ Wasserman, David (May 22, 2018). "House Ratings Changes: GOP Fortunes Improve in Four Districts". Cook Political Report.
  16. ^ Sadhwani, Sara (May 1, 2018). "Will Asian Americans make California even bluer in November?". Washington Post.
  17. ^ Anderson, Lauren (November 24, 2017). "Battleground 2018: How California's Red Districts Can Alter the Nation's Political Landscape". Harvard Political Review.
  18. ^ a b c d e Fuchs, Chris (May 16, 2018). "Young Kim's Congressional campaign is a run two decades in the making". NBC News.
  19. ^ Wasserman, David (January 8, 2018). "Royce Retirement Moves CA-39 from Lean Republican to Lean Democratic". Cook Political Report.
  20. ^ Lee, Jasmine C. (March 26, 2018). "To Reclaim the House, Democrats Need to Flip 24 G.O.P. Seats. 25 Are in Clinton Territory". New York Times.
  21. ^ Custodio, Spencer (May 10, 2018). "North OC's 39th Congressional Race Still a 'Toss Up'". Voice of OC.
  22. ^ a b Roarty, Alex (May 17, 2018). "Dems increase effort to avoid California catastrophe". McClatchy DC.
  23. ^ Bowman, Bridget (May 24, 2018). "'That Danger Is Real' — Democrats' Final Push to Avoid Shutout in Key California Races". Roll Call.
  24. ^ a b Burns, Alexander (April 21, 2018). "Democrats push some candidates to bow out of midterm elections". The New York Times.
  25. ^ a b Hagen, Lisa (May 14, 2018). "House Dems boost spending in key California races". The Hill.
  26. ^ Coker, Matt (May 17, 2018). "Year of the Woman? Not When It Comes to Orange County's Congressional Races". OC Weekly.
  27. ^ a b c Wildermuth, John (April 19, 2018). "Lottery millionaire wins again: National Democrats help him in Orange County race". San Francisco Chronicle.
  28. ^ Mervis, Jeffrey (April 27, 2018). "A house too far: Two scientists abandon their bids for Congress". Science.
  29. ^ Dann, Carrie (March 13, 2018). "Dem field in competitive CA-39 race gets a little less crowded". NBC News.
  30. ^ Dayen, David (March 20, 2018). "Self-Funded Millionaires are Forcing Promising Democrats Out of California Primaries". The Intercept.
  31. ^ Wildermuth, John (May 3, 2018). "Neo-Nazi running second to Feinstein in Senate poll in California". San Francisco Chronicle.
  32. ^ SDAAFE (January 24, 2018). "SDAAFE endorses Bob Huff for Congress". Sdaafe.org. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  33. ^ "Silicon Valley Chinese Association Endorses Bob Huff for Congress". Svca.me. January 11, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  34. ^ "Endorsements". Retrieved August 18, 2018.
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  36. ^ "NAWBO National Endorses Young Kim For Congress". NAWBO. September 18, 2018.
  37. ^ "ENDORSEMENTS". Shawn Nelson For Congress. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  38. ^ "Shawn Nelson for Congress". Orange County Register. May 30, 2018.
  39. ^ Wisckol, Martin (August 1, 2017). "New challenger to Rep. Ed Royce wields $2 million". Orange County Register.
  40. ^ "thorburnforcongress". thorburnforcongress. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  41. ^ Mai-Duc, Christine (July 17, 2017). "Navy veteran/lottery winner to challenge Orange County Rep. Ed Royce for Congress". Los Angeles Times.
  42. ^ "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) Program - VA Homeless Programs".
  43. ^ Cisneros, Gil (May 4, 2018). "Cisneros: Veteran Homelessness Continues to Grow". Voice of OC.
  44. ^ "Red to Blue". redtoblue.dccc.org. Archived from the original on October 7, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  45. ^ "RELEASE: Gil Cisneros Endorsed by The League of Conservation Voters Action Fund". Cisnerosforcongress.com. August 17, 2018. Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  46. ^ "Endorsements | Sierra Club #ClimateVoter Guide". Content.sierraclub.org. July 16, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  47. ^ "Endorsements". Cisnerosforcongress.com. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  48. ^ Burlij, Terence (May 7, 2018). "Four big 2018 questions that will be answered over the next four weeks". CNN.
  49. ^ Garcia, Eric (April 12, 2018). "Internal Poll Shows No Front-Runner in Race for Royce's Seat". Roll Call. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
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  51. ^ "Endorsements – Dr. Mai Khanh Tran for U.S. Congress 2018". Doctran2018.com. Archived from the original on June 8, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  52. ^ Tulchin Research (D-Cisneros)
  53. ^ Karen Lee Schatzle (NPP) 1%
  54. ^ Mellman Group (D-Thorburn)
  55. ^ Tulchin Research (D–Cisneros) Archived October 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  56. ^ Karen Lee Schatzle (NPP) 3%
  57. ^ Change Research (D)
  58. ^ Jay Chen* (D) 7%, Other 4%. *Withdrawn.
  59. ^ Jay Chen* (D) 5%; Phil Janowicz* (D) 4%; John Cullum (R) 3%; Camilla Kuo Liou* (D) and Andrew Sarega (R) with 2%; Ted Alemayhu (AIP), Sophia Alexander (AIP), Mark Gaouette* (R), Melissa Garza* (NPP), Herbert Lee (D), Suzi Park Leggett (D), Phil Liberatore (R), Ted Rusk* (D), and Nathan Troutman* (D) with 1%; Karen Lee Schatzle (NPP) and Cybil Steed* (D) with 0%; Other 8%. *Withdrawn
  60. ^ Castillejo, Esther (April 17, 2018). "The Note: Trump world a nexus of spider web connections". ABC News.
  61. ^ Hagen, Lisa (May 27, 2018). "Dem money floods Calif. primaries to avert electoral disaster". The Hill.
  62. ^ Schneider, Elena (June 3, 2018). "This is the weirdest race in the country". Politico.
  63. ^ Hamblin, Abby (May 15, 2018). "California voters, the onslaught of political advertising is here". The San Diego Union-Tribune.
  64. ^ Wright, David (May 15, 2018). "Pair of top Democratic groups target key California districts in new ad push". CNN Politics.
  65. ^ a b Hagen, Lisa (May 18, 2018). "Dem peace deal reached in crucial House district". The Hill.
  66. ^ Mai-Duc, Christine (May 7, 2018). "DCCC drops first TV ads of 2018, attacking Republicans running for Ed Royce seat". Los Angeles Times.
  67. ^ "California's primaries are the most unpredictable in America". The Economist. May 19, 2018.
  68. ^ Hagen, Lisa (May 16, 2018). "Dems step up efforts to avoid California primary shutouts". The Hill.
  69. ^ Habib, Yamily (May 23, 2018). "Gil Cisneros: the independent promise in California". Al Dia.
  70. ^ Joseph, Cameron (May 22, 2018). "Dem Super PAC Spending To Elevate GOP Hardliner In California House Race". Talking Points Memo.
  71. ^ C-SPAN
  72. ^ Silver, Nate (August 16, 2018). "2018 House Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  73. ^ "Daily Kos Elections 2018 race ratings". Daily Kos. Retrieved August 16, 2020.[permanent dead link]
  74. ^ "Battle for the House 2018". RCP. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
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  76. ^ "2018 House Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  77. ^ "2018 House Race Ratings". Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  78. ^ Silver, Nate (August 16, 2018). "California 39th - 2018 House Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  79. ^ NYT Upshot/Siena College
  80. ^ Tulchin Research (D-Cisneros) Archived November 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  81. ^ UC Berkeley
  82. ^ Monmouth University
  83. ^ Tulchin Research (D-Cisneros) Archived November 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  84. ^ DCCC (D)
  85. ^ Remington (R) Archived November 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  86. ^ a b Remington Research Group
  87. ^ Tulchin Research (D–Gil Cisneros)
  88. ^ PPP/Patriot Majority USA
  89. ^ PPP/Patriot Majority USA
  90. ^ Blood, Michael R. "Democrats gain ground in California US House battles". www.wmbfnews.com. AP via WMBF-TV in Myrtle Beach, SC. Archived from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  91. ^ Kilgore, Ed. "What Can We Learn From Early Voting This Year? Turnout Is High". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  92. ^ Bradner, Eric. "Democrats pick up two more House seats as Denham, MacArthur concede". CNN. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  93. ^ "Election results keep getting better for California Democrats". The Mercury News. November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  94. ^ Li, Yimeng; Hyun, Michelle; Alvarez, R. Michael (2020). "Why Do Election Results Change After Election Day? The "Blue Shift" in California Elections". American Government and Politics. doi:10.33774/apsa-2020-s43xx. S2CID 242728072.
  95. ^ "2018 California General Election Results Representative District 39 - Districtwide Results - 2018 General Election". California Secretary of State Semi-Official Election Results. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  96. ^ "2018 California General Election Results". Election Results. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
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