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Anna Clemenc

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Anna Klobuchar Clemenc
Smiling woman with an American flag
Photograph of Anna Clemenc in a newspaper publication on February 28, 1914
Born
Anna Klobuchar

March 2, 1888
Calumet, Michigan, U.S.
DiedJuly 27, 1956 (aged 68)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Other names"Big Annie"
Height6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
ChildrenDarwina Shavs [citation needed]

Anna "Big Annie" Klobuchar Clemenc[a] (March 2, 1888 – July 27, 1956; pronounced "Clements"[4]) was an American labor activist. Born in Calumet, Michigan, she founded and served as president of the local Women's Auxiliary No. 15 of the Western Federation of Miners and was an active participant in the Copper Country Strike of 1913–1914. She is an inducted member of the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.

Biography

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Clemenc was born in 1888 in Calumet, Michigan, to George and Mary (née Adam) Klobuchar, the eldest of five children.[5] In 1890 or 1891, the family returned to Slovenia, where the youngest Klobuchar sibling, Mary, was born on February 2, 1892. They lived in George Klobuchar's home village of Dobliče near Črnomelj. Mary Adam Klobuchar was from Dolnja Paka, also near Črnomelj.

In the United States, George was employed in one of the Calumet and Hecla mines and Mary was a domestic worker.[4]

Education

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Annie Klobuchar graduated from the eighth grade at a school operated by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company.[4][6] She then began working with a local church giving aid to crippled miners and assisted her family financially by doing laundry.[4] Because of her 6-foot-2-inch (1.88 m) height, Clemenc was commonly known as "Big Annie" and less commonly as "Tall Annie".[7]

First marriage

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At age eighteen, Anna married a Slovene miner, Joseph Clemenc. The only description of Joseph came from Anna's brother Frank, who stated that Clemenc was 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) tall and "quiet and mild-mannered."[8] Following Joseph's repeated physical abuse of Anna and marital discord related to Joseph's alcoholism, the couple divorced around 1914.[9]

Labor activism

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In February 1913, Clemenc spearheaded the formation of the Women's Auxiliary No. 15 of the Western Federation of Miners in Calumet.[4] On July 23, a miners' strike was called in Michigan's Copper Country.[10] Clemenc frequently led marches in support of the miners wearing a plain gingham dress and carrying a large American flag on a ten-foot pole.[11] In August, Clemenc led the funeral procession for Alois Tijan and Steve Putrich who died in the Seeberville Affair.[12] On September 10, Clemenc and five other women stopped a man from going to work, whom they mistakenly believed to be a non-striker, and were arrested after fighting with deputies.[13]

Clemenc was elected president of the auxiliary by December 1913.[14]

Italian Hall disaster

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Main article: Italian Hall disaster

Five months into the strike, Clemenc and the Women's Auxiliary planned a Christmas party to be held at Italian Hall in Calumet on December 24.[13] About 500 children and 175 parents were in attendance in the second-floor hall when a false cry of "fire" was heard, leading to a stampede down the main staircase in what became known as the Italian Hall disaster.[15] Over 75 died, most of them children.[16][17] Carrying her flag, Clemenc led the funeral procession for the victims.[18]

Clemenc carrying her flag and a head shot

In January 1914, Clemenc served a ten-day jail sentence for previously assaulting a non-striking miner.[19] In February and March, she went on a lecture tour of the Midwest to raise funds for survivors of the Italian Hall disaster and to encourage workers to unionize.[20]

Later life

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After the tour, she moved to Chicago and married Frank Shavs. At the age of 26, she gave birth to her only child, Darwina, who later lost her left arm in an automobile accident.[21] Frank became a "drunkard and a wife-beater",[22] and the couple was divorced. In 1936, she married Andrew Robleck; two years later, this marriage also ended in divorce.[23]

For a time. Clemenc worked two jobs making hats,[24] Little else is known of her later life. She died of cancer in Chicago in 1956, at the age of 68.[3][22]

Legacy

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Contemporary accounts of Clemenc referred to her as an "American Joan of Arc".[25][26] Her legacy was largely forgotten until the 1970s.[22] The Michigan House of Representatives described her as "one of Michigan's most valiant, yet largely forgotten and unrecognized, women."[27] June 17, 1980, was declared Annie Clemenc day in Michigan.[22]

A portrait of Clemenc with her flag was commissioned by the Michigan Women's Studies Association and painted by Andy Willis.[3][27] It was unveiled in the Michigan State Capitol on June 17, 1980, and later transferred to the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.[6][27] She was the first person nominated for the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame, was inducted in 1996, and is one of three women included on the Hall of Fame medallion.[6][22]

A sign commemorating her induction into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame stood at the site of the now-demolished Italian Hall, but it was removed at some point.[28][29]

Annie Clements is the lead character in a historical novel by Mary Doria Russell, The Women of the Copper Country (Atria Books, 2019),[30] about the Calumet copper miners' strike.

Notes

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  1. ^ Her last name has been misspelled as "Clemens",[1] "Clements",[2] "Clemence", and "Clemenec".[3] In addition, she signed her first name at least once as "Ana".[2]

References

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  1. ^ "Rioters Arrested; One a Woman". Reading Eagle. October 1, 1913. p. 15. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  2. ^ a b Thurner 1994, p. 343.
  3. ^ a b c Wendland 1986, p. 7.
  4. ^ a b c d e Stanley 1996, p. 27.
  5. ^ Engle 1999, p. 17.
  6. ^ a b c "Anna Clemenc". Michigan Women's Historical Center & Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
  7. ^ Wendland 1986, p. 4.
  8. ^ Stanley 1996, pp. 27–28.
  9. ^ Comstock, Lyndon (2013). Annie Clemenc and the Great Keweenaw Copper Strike. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 110, 125 et seq. ISBN 978-1-4895-4871-9.
  10. ^ United States Department of Labor 1914, p. 42.
  11. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 31.
  12. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 51.
  13. ^ a b Engle 1999, p. 19.
  14. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 66.
  15. ^ Hoagland 2010, p. 220.
  16. ^ Harrington 1975, p. 1.
  17. ^ Harrington 1975, p. 6.
  18. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 74.
  19. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 82.
  20. ^ Stanley 1996, pp. 82–83.
  21. ^ Stanley 1996, pp. 93–94.
  22. ^ a b c d e Stanley 1996, p. 94.
  23. ^ Comstock 2013.
  24. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 93.
  25. ^ Stanley 1996, p. 53.
  26. ^ Cochran, N.D. (October 8, 1913). "A Heroine Whose Name is not Found in the Society Columns". The Day Book. Chicago, IL. p. 1. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
  27. ^ a b c Michigan House of Representatives 1980, p. 1804.
  28. ^ Hoagland 2010, p. 228.
  29. ^ Hauglie, Kurt (December 23, 2013). "Big Annie Focus of Coppertown Exhibit". The Daily Mining Gazette.
  30. ^ Russell, Mary Doria (2019). The Women of the Copper Country. Atria Books. ISBN 9781982109585.

Works cited

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