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Cyclone Oscar

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For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Oscar.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar
Cyclone Oscar on 28 February
Meteorological history
Formed23 February 1983 (1983-02-23)
Dissipated6 March 1983 (1983-03-06)
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone
10-minute sustained (FMS)
Highest winds185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds185 km/h (115 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities9
Damage$13 million (1983 USD)
Areas affectedFiji
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1982–83 South Pacific cyclone season

Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar was one of the worst tropical cyclones to affect Fiji. The system was first noted as a shallow depression on 23 February, while it was located to the north of Fiji's capital Suva. The system subsequently developed further as it moved westwards and was named as Tropical Cyclone Oscar during the next day. Over the next few days Oscar subsequently intensified as it moved westwards and gradually developed further and equivalent to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone, on the modern day Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale during 27 February. The system subsequently turned and started to move south-eastwards towards Fiji.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On 23 February, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) started to monitor a shallow depression, that had developed about 485 km (300 mi) to the north-northwest of Suva, Fiji.[1][2] The system subsequently developed further as it moved westwards and was declared a tropical cyclone and named Oscar by the FMS during 24 February.[2] Over the next few days Oscar subsequently intensified as it moved westwards and gradually developed further.[2] During 27 February, Oscar intensified into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone as it started to move towards the south-east and Fiji.[1] The system subsequently continued to intensify during that day with the eye appearing on satellite imagery, before it came into the range of the Nadi International Airport's radar at around 03:30 UTC (15:30 FST) on 28 February.[1][2] The radar imagery showed that the system had an eye within a better defined and larger concentric eye and allowed the FMS to perform hourly fixes on the systems position.[2][3] Later that day at 12:00 UTC (00:00 FST, 1 March), the FMS reported that the system had peaked with estimated 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 185 km/h (115 mph) which made it a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone.[2] The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) subsequently reported six hours later that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 185 km/h (115 mph), which made it equivalent to a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1]

Early on 1 March, as Oscar passed about 90 km (55 mi) to the west-southwest of Nadi, it was decided to secure Nadi's radar dish and the satellite antennae as storm-force winds outside gusted to 140 km/h (85 mph).[2] During that day the system started to weaken while sustained winds of between 115–125 km/h (71–78 mph) were observed on Viti Levu, with a maximum wind gust of 185 km/h (115 mph) recorded at Nadi Airport.[2][3] After wind gusts dropped and the pressure rose at Nadi, the radar was able to be brought back into operation at around 12:00 UTC (00:00 FST, 2 March).[2] The radar's poor image suggested that Oscar was now located to the south of Sigatoka, having accelerated from 7 to 15 km/h (4 to 9 mph) while the radar was shut down.[2] Later that day the system wobbled towards the south-southeast, as it approached the island of Beqa, which spared the Fijian Capital of Suva from Oscar's worst effects.[2] The system subsequently made landfall on the island of Kandavu at around 22:00 UTC (10:00 FST, 2 March), before it left the Fijian group of islands on 2 March.[2] The system then rapidly weakened before it was last noted during 6 March, while it was located about 2,400 km (1,490 mi) to the south-east of Suva.[2]

Preparations and impact

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Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar affected Fiji between 28 February and 2 March, and was responsible for nine deaths and US$130 million in damages.[4] As a result of the impact caused the name Oscar was retired, from the list of tropical cyclone names for the region. Ahead of a tropical cyclone alert for Fiji being issued on 27 February, local radio bulletins made Fijians aware that a tropical cyclone existed several days in advance.[2] Gale, storm and hurricane warnings were subsequently issued for various parts of Fiji including Viti Levu, Kandavu and the Yasawa and Mamanutha island groups.[2][5] Ahead of the system impacting the island nation, the Nadi International Airport was closed, with both internal and external flights cancelled.[2][6] Schools around the nation were also closed with some being used as evacuation centres for the hundreds of Fijians who evacuated.[6] On 28 February, the system started to affect Fiji with strong winds and light rain, before the wind and rain gradually became stronger the following day, with storm and hurricane-force winds recorded over the island nation.[2]

Damage was mostly in the form of severe flooding from storm tides and torrential rains.[7] Hardest hit areas included the Mamanutha Group, western and southwestern Viti Levu, and Yanutha, Vatulele, Kandevu and Mbengga Islands. In some areas storm surges reached nine to twelve feet (2.7 to 3.7 m).[2] However, the highest measured storm surge value was 5.93 m (19.46 ft) at Rarawai Mill.[8] Flooding due to torrential rains was particularly severe in western and southwestern Viti Levu. At Nadi Market flood levels were about 12 ft above the asphalt pavement. In the Singatoka Valley, which supplies most of Fiji's vegetables, most crops were destroyed as flooding reached levels beyond living memory of most people.[2]

Aftermath

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On 1 March, after the system had moved through the archipelago, the Fijian government immediately declared a national disaster and asked for assistance from the international community.[9] Efforts to clean up certain towns including Nadi, Lautoka, Sigatoka and Suva started almost immediately after Oscar had moved away, with the Sigatoka Town council initiating a spraying campaign to destroy mosquitoes and counter an outbreak of disease.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "1983 Tropical Cyclone Oscar (1983054S15179)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Browne M L; Krishna, Ram (1983). "Tropical Cyclone 'Oscar'". Weather and Climate. 3 (2). The Meteorological Society of New Zealand: 59–65. doi:10.2307/44279597. JSTOR 44279597.
  3. ^ a b Deangellis, Richard M (1983). Wilson, Elwyn E (ed.). Hurricane Alley: Tropical Cyclones — Summer 1983. Mariners Weather Log (Report). Vol. 27. p. 174. ISSN 0025-3367. OCLC 648466886.
  4. ^ Costello, D (30 December 1986). "Fiji prepares for worst as cyclone heads for coast". Courier-Mail.
  5. ^ "[United Press International Report: March 1, 1983]". United Press International. 1 March 1983.
  6. ^ a b "Hundreds flee homes as cyclone Oscar strikes". The Canberra Times. 2 March 1983. p. 5.
  7. ^ "ASSESSMENT OF INUNDATION OF THE NADURULOULOU RESEARCH STATION". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Dredging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  8. ^ McGree, Simon; Yeo, Stephen; Devi, Swastika (October 2010). FLOODING IN THE FIJI ISLANDS BETWEEN 1840 AND 2009 (PDF). Fiji Meteorological Service. p. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  9. ^ a b Fiji - Cyclone (PDF) (Report). United States Agency for International Development. pp. 59–65.
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