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List of carnivorans by population

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mammals by population
Lists

Even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla)
Carnivorans (Carnivora)
Cetaceans (Cetacea)
Bats (Chiroptera)
Odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla)
Primates (Primates)
Key

Conservation status

  Extinct in the wild (EW)
  Critically Endangered (CR)
  Endangered (EN)
  Vulnerable (VU)
  Near Threatened (NT)
  Least Concern (LC)
  Data Deficient (DD)
Related
Lists of organisms by population
List of birds by population
Mammal classification
List of recently extinct mammals
Lists of mammals by region

This is a list of estimated global populations of Carnivora species. This list is not comprehensive, as not all carnivorans have had their numbers quantified.

List

[edit]
Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis 20-30[1] CR[1] Decrease[1] Numbers have fluctuated in recent censuses.[1]
Iriomote cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis 100–109[2] CR[3] Decrease[3] A subspecies of the leopard cat living exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote. Population size is declining, and consists of a single subpopulation.[2]
Malabar large-spotted civet Viverra civettina 250[4] CR[4] Decrease[4] Maximum estimate. Previously considered possibly extinct.[4]
Darwin's fox Pseudalopex fulvipes 250[5] EN[5] Increase[5] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[5]
Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes 500[6] EN[6] Decrease[6] Almost became extinct in the 1980s.[6]
Red wolf Canis rufus 300[7] CR[7] Increase[7] Maximum estimate. No more than 50 mature individuals. Previously extinct in the wild.[7]
Saimaa ringed seal Pusa hispida saimensis 380 EN Steady The most endangered pinniped.
Cozumel raccoon Procyon pygmaeus 323–955[8] CR[8] Decrease[8] Mature individuals number less than 250. Populations can be severely affected by hurricanes.[8]
Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis 500[9] EN[9] Decrease[9] One of the world's rarest canids, and Africa's most endangered carnivore.
Siberian tiger Panthera tigris tigris 560[10] EN[10] Increase[10] Siberian tigers have made a comeback from the brink of extinction due to the strict laws of the Russian government. Russian Authorities believe that the number of living Siberian tigers will reach 700 after four years.[10]
Asiatic lion Panthera leo leo 674[11] EN[11] Increase[11] The population is rapidly growing from 284 in 1990 to 674 in 2020 thanks to the conservation efforts of the government, people and many communities. It is only found in the Gir forest and some other parts of the state of Gujrat, India.[11]
Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus 700[12] VU[12] Decrease[12] The second most endangered pinniped.[12]
Marine otter Lontra felina 1,000[13] EN[13] Decrease[13] Maximum estimate from 1991; numbers have probably fallen.[13]
Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis 1,000–5,000[14] EN[14] Decrease[14]
Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus 1,100[15] VU[16] Increase[16] According to European Union LIFE Nature conservation projects estimates population size tripled from 52 mature individuals in 2002 to 156 in 2012.[16]
Hawaiian monk seal Neomonachus schauinslandi 1,400[17] EN[17] Decrease[17] Numbered 1448 in 1983.[17]
Giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca 1,800[18] VU[18] Increase[18] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[18]
Bay cat Pardofelis badia 2,200[19] EN[19] Decrease[19] Maximum estimate.[19]
Dhole Cuon alpinus 2,500[20] EN[20] Decrease[20] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[20]
Fossa Cryptoprocta ferox 2,500[21] VU[21] Decrease[21] Maximum estimate.[21]
Andean mountain cat Leopardus jacobita 2,500[22] EN[22] Decrease[22] Maximum estimate.[22]
Grandidier's mongoose Galidictis grandidieri 2,650–3,540[23] EN[23] Decrease[23]
Snow leopard Panthera uncia <8,000[24] VU[24] Decrease[24]
Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris 2,967[25] EN[25] Increase[25] the population is rapidly growing and it has been doubled from 1,411 to 2,967 in 12 years. According to the census report, the population has been risen 30% from 2,226 in 2014 to 2,967 in 2020 thanks to the strict laws of Indian government.[25]
Tiger Panthera tigris 3,900-5,600[26] EN[26] Increase[26] 75% of the tigers in the world belongs to India. 13 countries including India, Bangladesh, Myanmmar, Bhutan, China, Russia have taken a misson to double the worldwide tiger population by the year 2022.[26]
Island fox Urocyon littoralis 4,001[27] NT Increase[27]
Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi 4,500[28] VU[28] Decrease[28] Maximum estimate.[6]
African wild dog Lycaon pictus 6,600[29] EN[29] Decrease[29]
Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus 7,100[30] VU[30] Decrease[30] Estimate is for mature individuals only. Number may reach as high as 10,000.[30]
Brown hyena Parahyaena brunnea 8,000[31] NT[31] Decrease[31]
Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx 8,000 (Europe only)[32] LC[32] Steady[32]
Marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata 10,000[33] NT[33] Decrease[33] Maximum estimate.[33]
Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus 10,000[34] NT[34] Decrease[34]
Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa 10,000[35] VU[35] Decrease[35] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[35]
Red panda Ailurus fulgens 10,000[36] EN[36] Decrease[36]
African golden cat Caracal aurata 10,000[37] VU Decrease[37] Minimum estimate for mature individuals.[37]
Chinese mountain cat F. bieti 10,000[38] VU[38] Decrease[38] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[38]
Galápagos fur seal Arctophoca galapagoensis 10,000–15,000[39] EN[39] Decrease[39] Down from 30,000–40,000 in 1978.[39]
New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri 11,855[40] EN[40] Decrease[40]
Juan Fernández fur seal Arctophoca philippii 12,000[41] LC[41] Increase[41] Estimate is from the early 1990s; numbers appear to be increasing.[41]
Australian sea lion Neophoca cinerea 13,790[42] EN[42] Decrease[42]
Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena 14,000[43] NT[43] Decrease[43] |
Sechuran fox Lycalopex sechurae 15,000[44] NT[44] Unknown[44] Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[44]
Guadalupe fur seal Arctophoca townsendi 15,000–17,000[45] LC[45] Increase[45] Numbered 200 – 500 in the 1950s.[45]
Kodkod Leopardus guigna 18,000[46] VU[46] Decrease[46] Maximum estimate.[46]
Leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx 18,000-35,000[47] LC[47] Unknown[47]
Sloth bear Melursus ursinus 20,000[48] VU[48] Decrease[48] Maximum estimate.[48]
Lion Panthera leo 20,000[49] VU[49] Increase[49] Comprises two subspecies in Africa and Asia. The Asiatic lion numbers an estimated 650.[50]
Galápagos sea lion Zalophus wollebaeki 20,000–40,000[51] EN[51] Decrease[51]
Polar bear Ursus maritimus 22,000–31,000[52] VU[52] Steady[52]
Maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus 23,600[53] NT[53] Unknown[53]
Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta 27,000–47,000[54] LC[54] Decrease[54] Tentative estimate.[54]
Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus 50,000[55] VU[56] Decrease[56] Maximum estimate.[56]
Cougar Puma concolor 50,000[57] LC[57] Decrease[57]
Jaguar Panthera onca 64,000[58] NT[58] Decrease[58]
Leopard Panthera pardus 75,000[59] VU[59] Decrease[59]
Baikal seal Pusa sibirica 80,000–100,000[60] LC[60] Steady[60]
Sea otter Enhydra lutris 106,822[61] EN[61] Decrease[61]
Bush dog Speothos venaticus 110,000[62] NT[62] Decrease[62] Considered an overestimate.[62]
Caspian seal Pusa caspica 111,000[63] EN[63] Decrease[63] Once numbered over 1,000,000.[63]
Ross seal Ommatophoca rossii 130,000[64] LC[64] Unknown[64]
Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus 143,000[65] NT[65] Increase[65] Divided into two subspecies: Western Steller (78,000) and Loughlin's Steller (65,000).[65]
Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris 171,000[66] LC[66] Increase[66] Numbered 113,000 in 1991.[66]
California sea lion Zalophus californianus 180,000[67] LC[67] Increase[67]
Brown bear Ursus arctos 200,000[68] LC[68] Steady[68] Minimum estimate. Russia has the largest number of brown bears, believed to exceed 100,000, while estimates in the U.S. are around 33,000 (most in Alaska), Canada 25,000, and Europe (excluding Russia) 14,000.[68]
New Zealand fur seal Arctophoca forsteri 200,000[69] LC[69] Increase[69]
Subantarctic fur seal Arctophoca tropicalis 200,000[70] LC[70] Increase[70] [70]
South American sea lion Otaria flavescens 250,000[71] LC[71] Steady[71] Minimum estimate.[71]
South American fur seal Arctophoca australis 250,000–300,000[72] LC[72] Increase[72]
Grey wolf Canis lupus 300,000[73] LC Unknown
Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii 300,000[74] LC[74] Unknown[74] [74]
Harbor seal Phoca vitulina 315,000[75] LC[75] Unknown[75] Founded in the coastal regions of North America, Europe and Asia.[75]
Grey seal Halichoerus grypus 316,000[76] LC[76] Increase[76]
Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina 325,000[77] LC[77] Unknown[77] Latest global estimates are from the mid-1990s.[77]
Hooded seal Cystophora cristata 340,000[78] VU[78] Decrease[78] One population in the Northwest Atlantic and another in the Northeast. The latter population has declined 85-90% in the past 60 years for unknown reasons.[78]
Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus 650,000[79] VU[79] Decrease[79]
American black bear Ursus americanus 950,000[80] LC[80] Increase[80] Numbers are believed to be twice that of all other bears combined.[80]
Brown fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus 1,060,000[81] LC[81] Increase[81] Divided into two subspecies: Cape and Australian.[81]
Crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophaga 4,000,000[82] LC[82] Unknown[82] [82]
Harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus 4,500,000[83] LC[83] Increase[83] [83]
Red fox Vulpes vulpes Unknown[84] LC Increase Estimates are uncertain because a coordinated worldwide census has never been conducted.[84]
Cat (domestic) Felis catus 600,000,000[85] Domesticated Increase[85] 2007 estimate
Dog (domestic) Canis familiaris 900,000,000[86] Domesticated Increase[86]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Jackson, P.; Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera pardus ssp. orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T15957A5333757. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15957A5333757.en.
  2. ^ a b 環境省. イリオモテヤマネコ生息状況等総合調査（第４次）の結果について（お知らせ） [(Fourth) Survey of the State of the Iriomote Cat's Habitat: Regarding the Results (notice)] (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  3. ^ a b Von Arx, M. & Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. (2008). "Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
  4. ^ a b c d Mudappa, D.; Helgen, K.; Nandini, R. (2016). "Viverra civettina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23036A45202281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T23036A45202281.en.
  5. ^ a b c d Cuarón, A.D., de Grammont, P.C., Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Valenzuela-Galván, D., García-Vasco, D., Reid, F. & Helgen, K. (2008). "Pseudalopex fulvipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ a b c d e Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R.G.; Hughes, J.P. (2015). "Mustela nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T14020A45200314. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en.
  7. ^ a b c d Kelly, B.T., Beyer, A. & Phillips, M.K. (2008). "Canis rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ a b c d Khan, J.A. & Mukherjee, S. (2008). "Procyon pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  9. ^ a b c Marino, J. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). "Canis simensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
  10. ^ a b c d "Panthera tigris altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. 2011.
  11. ^ a b c d "Panthera leo persica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  12. ^ a b c d Aguilar, A. & Lowry, L. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ a b c d Alvarez, R. & Medina-Vogel, G. (2008). "Lontra felina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  14. ^ a b c Duplaix, N., Waldemarin, H.F., Groenedijk, J., Evangelista, E., Munis, M., Valesco, M. & Botello, J.C. (2008). "Pteronura brasiliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Lusa (2021). "Pela primeira vez em 20 anos, há mais de 1000 linces-ibéricos". Público.
  16. ^ a b c Rodríguez, A. (2024). "Lynx pardinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T12520A218695618. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  17. ^ a b c d Lowry, L. & Aguilar, A. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Monachus schauinslandi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ a b c d Lü, Z, Wang, D. & Garshelis, D.L. (IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Ailuropoda melanoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ a b c d Hearn, A., Sanderson, J., Ross, J., Wilting, A. & Sunarto, S. (2008). "Pardofelis badia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-16.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ a b c d Durbin, L.S., Hedges, S., Duckworth, J.W., Tyson, M., Lyenga, A. & Venkataraman, A. (IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group - Dhole Working Group) (2008). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ a b c d Hawkins, A.F.A. & Dollar, L. (2008). "Cryptoprocta ferox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
  22. ^ a b c d Acosta, G., Cossios, D., Lucherini, M. & Villalba, L. (2008). "Leopardus jacobita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ a b c Hawkins, A.F.A. (2008). "Galidictis grandidieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  24. ^ a b c Jackson, R., Mallon, D., McCarthy, T., Chundaway, R.A. & Habib, B (2021). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021. Retrieved 2021-02-06. taking the high and low values of the population ranges provided (Table 1 in the Supporting Information) a range-wide population of 7,367-7,884 is indicated. If the results of the 2014-2016 Bhutan Snow Leopard census are added in (79-112: Thinley et al. 2016), the global population would then be estimated at 7,446 to 7,996.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ a b c d "Panthera tigris tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  26. ^ a b c d Chundawat, R.S., Habib, B., Karanth, U., Kawanishi, K., Ahmad Khan, J., Lynam, T., Miquelle, D., Nyhus, P., Sunarto, S., Tilson, R. & Sonam Wang (2011). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ a b Coonan, T., Ralls, K., Hudgens, B., Cypher, B. & Boser, C (IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group - Island Fox Working Group) (2013). "Urocyon littoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. Retrieved 2019-10-24.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ a b c Hearn, A., Sanderson, J., Ross, J., Wilting, A. & Sunarto, S. (2008). "Neofelis diardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ a b c Woodroffe, R. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2012). "Lycaon pictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  30. ^ a b c d Durant, S., Marker, L., Purchase, N., Belbachir, F., Hunter, L., Packer, C., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C., Sogbohossou, E. & Bauer, H. (2008). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ a b c Wiesel, I., Maude, G., Scott, D. & Mills, G. (2008). "Hyaena brunnea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ a b c Breitenmoser, U., Mallon, D.P., von Arx, M. & Breitenmoser-Wursten, C. (2008). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ a b c d Grassman, L., Sanderson, J., Hearn, A., Ross, J., Wilting, A., Sunarto, S., Khan, J.A. & Mukherjee, S. (2008). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ a b c Khan, J.A. & Mukherjee, S. (2008). "Prionailurus rubiginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  35. ^ a b c d Anderson, J., Khan, J.A., Grassman, L. & Mallon, D.P. (2008). "Neofelis nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ a b c Wang, X., Choudhury, A., Yonzon, P., Wozencraft, C. & Than Zaw (2008). "Ailurus fulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ a b c Henschel, P., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C.& Sogbohossou, E. (2008). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ^ a b c d Sanderson, J., Mallon, D.P. & Driscoll, C. (2010). "F. silvestris bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ a b c d Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus galapagoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ a b c Gales, N. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Phocarctos hookeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  41. ^ a b c d Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus philippii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ a b c Goldsworthy, S. & Gales, N. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Neophoca cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ a b c Arumugam, R., Wagner, A. & Mills, G. (2008). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ a b c d Asa, C.S., Cossíos, E.D. & Williams, R. (2008). "Pseudalopex sechurae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ a b c d Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Arctocephalus townsendi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ a b c d Acosta, G. & Lucherini, M. (2015). "Hydrurga leptonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  47. ^ a b c Hückstädt, L. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2015). "Hydrurga leptonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 2020-06-13. APIS surveys resulted in an estimate of 35,500
  48. ^ a b c d Garshelis, D.L., Ratnayeke S. & Chauhan, N.P.S. (IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Melursus ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. ^ a b c Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P.F.; Henschel, P.; Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.
  50. ^ Kaushik, H. (August 2, 2017). "Lion population roars to 650 in Gujarat forests". The Times of India. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
  51. ^ a b c Aurioles, D. & Trillmich, F. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Zalophus wollebaeki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  52. ^ a b c Schliebe, S., Wiig, Ø., Derocher, A. & Lunn, N. (IUCN SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group) (2008). "Ursus maritimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  53. ^ a b c Rodden, M., Rodrigues, F. & Bestelmeyer, S. (2008). "Chrysocyon brachyurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  54. ^ a b c d Honer, O., Holekamp, K.E. & Mills, G. (2008). "Crocuta crocuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  55. ^ Dickson, B. (November 5, 2013). Endangered Species Threatened Convention. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-134-19434-6.
  56. ^ a b c Garshelis, D.; Steinmetz, R. (2020) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22824A166528664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22824A166528664.en. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  57. ^ a b c "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021. 2021. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  58. ^ a b c "Jaguar: The Amazing Amazon Big Cat". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  59. ^ a b c "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  60. ^ a b c Burkanov, V. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) (2008). "Pusa sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  61. ^ a b c Doroff, A. & Burdin, A. (2011). "Enhydra lutris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
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