Orchesella cincta
| Orchesella cincta | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Collembola |
| Order: | Entomobryomorpha |
| Family: | Entomobryidae |
| Genus: | Orchesella |
| Species: | O. cincta
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| Binomial name | |
| Orchesella cincta | |
Orchesella cincta is a species of springtail present in North America and Europe. They average 4 millimetres (0.16 in) in length, which is extremely large as most springtails don’t grow past 1 millimetre. The specific name cincta means "belted" and refers to the distinctive colouration of the third abdominal segment.[2]
Description
[edit]Springtails are small, wingless relatives of insects and typically have six abdominal segments, a tubular appendage projecting ventrally from the first abdominal segment, and a forked, tail-like appendage, the furcula, folded under the last abdominal segment, with which the animal can flip itself into the air.[3]
Members of the genus Orchesella have six antennal segments. Orchesella cincta reaches about 4 mm (0.16 in) in length and has a distinctively pigmented third abdominal segment and a dark third antennal segment. In contrast, the posterior part of the second abdominal segment and the distal part of the second antennal segments are white. The fifth and sixth antennal segments are brown, but otherwise the colouring of antennae and abdomen are variable, ranging from reddish-brown through various shades of brown to blackish. The body is thickly clad with hairs.[4] There is a tendency for the antennae to be of unequal length, perhaps because of damage to the antennae during the developmental stages.[2]
Distribution
[edit]Orchesella cincta is found in Western Europe and Canada. It is known from Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, France, The Netherlands and the British Isles.[4] It is one of the most common species in the British Isles where it is known from multiple locations in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. It is also common on Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic, having presumably been introduced accidentally with plant material.[2] This species lives in soil and among leaf litter in woodland. In the laboratory it can be maintained on twigs covered with green algae.[5]
Ecology
[edit]Springtails moult throughout their life and in this species, feeding and reproductive instars alternate.[6] When circumstances are adverse (dry conditions, low temperatures), the reproductive phases can be postponed until conditions improve, at which time the start of reproductive activity is synchronised across the population; this is a successful strategy, the population surge allowing this species to make the most of the available resources. Orchesella cincta has a high metabolic rate and a high fertility rate and is more mobile than many species; it is more likely to spread into new habitats such as the foliage of plants and crevices in trees.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "Orchesella cincta". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ a b c "Orchesella cincta (Linnaeus 1758)". Collembola. Roehampton University. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
- ^ Maddison, David R. (2002). "Collembola". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
- ^ a b Lubbock, Sir John (1873). Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. Ray Society. pp. 129–131.
- ^ Anna Faddeeva-Vakhrusheva; Martijn F. L. Derks; Seyed Yahya Anvar; Valeria Agamennone; Wouter Suring; Sandra Smit; Nico M. van Straalen; Dick Roelofs (2016). "Gene Family Evolution Reflects Adaptation to Soil Environmental Stressors in the Genome of the Collembolan Orchesella cincta". Genome Biology and Evolution. 8 (7): 2106–2117. doi:10.1093/gbe/evw134. PMC 4987106. PMID 27289101.
- ^ a b Advances in Ecological Research. Academic Press. 1987. pp. 203–204. ISBN 978-0-08-056700-6.