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Richard Mollica

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Richard Francis Mollica
Mollica in 2024
Mollica in 2024
Born (1946-12-20) December 20, 1946 (age 77)
Bronx, New York, US
OccupationProfessor, researcher, writer, educator
NationalityAmerican
Alma materReed College
University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
Yale Divinity School
SpouseKaren Carlson
Children2

Richard F. Mollica (born December 20, 1946) is an American academic and writer. He is the Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Director of the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma at Massachusetts General Hospital.[1] His research focuses on Psychological trauma and recovery. Mollica has published over 160 scientific manuscripts,[2] and has published Healing Invisible Wounds (2006) and Manifesto IV Healing a Violent World (2018). In 2022, he received the lifetime award from Harvard Medical School,[3] and in 2023, the Lux et Veritas Award from Yale Divinity School[4]

Mollica is considered a pioneer and founder of a new field of medicine Refugee Mental Health.[5] He started one of America's first refugee clinics in Boston in December 1981.[6]

The scientific and clinical work of Mollica and the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma has served as a global model worldwide and has been replicated in many countries including the US, Australia, Canada, Italy, Bosnia Herzegovina, Haiti, and Ukraine.[7]

Early life

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Mollica was born in South Bronx.[8] His grandparents were poor Italian immigrants. His mother was raised in a convent, and struggled with depression. His father was blind as a result of meningitis. Mollica's childhood was influenced by his love for books, and he excelled in mathematics and sciences at Brooklyn Technical High School. He further went to Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where he finished his basic education.[9]

After studying at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine and a neurology internship at the University of Toronto, Mollica went to Yale University in 1974 for his psychiatric residency and also attended the Yale Divinity School.[8] After the residency, Mollica joined Harvard as a psychiatrist. He later opened a refugee clinic.

Amongst his researches, he advocates integrating Trauma-informed care into primary healthcare, despite resistance from primary physicians due to time constraints and lack of training. He introduced into medicine and the human rights field the concept of the Trauma Story in 1988.[10] The Trauma Story is a key element in the Trauma-informed care of all patients who have survived traumatic life experiences.

Awards and honors

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Selected publications

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Books

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  • Healing Invisible Wounds: Paths to Hope and Recovery in a Violent World, 2006
  • 2012 Trauma Story Assessment and Therapy: Journal for Field and Clinic[12]
  • 2012 Textbook of Global Mental Health: Trauma and Recovery, A Companion Guide for Field and Clinical Care of Traumatized People Worldwide[13]
  • 2012 Sun and Moon, A Khmer Journey Comic adapted and illustrated by Doug Anderson[14]
  • 2018 A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World[15]
  • 2022 Manifesto IV Healing a Violent World: The Will to Heal and Survive in an Apocalyptic World[7]

Book chapters

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  • 1988 The Trauma Story: The Psychiatric Care of Refugee Survivors of Mass Violence and Torture in Post-Traumatic Therapy And Victims Of Violence by Frank M. Ochberg (pp. 295–314)[16]
  • 2015 The New H-5 Model of Refugee Trauma and Recovery in Violence and Mental Health: Its Manifold Faces by J. Lindert and I. Levav (Eds) (pp. 341–378)[17]
  • 2019 The New H-5 Model: Trauma and Recovery in Humanitarianism and Mass Migration: Confronting the World Crisis by Marcelo Suarez-Orozco (Ed) (pp. 123–136)[18]
  • 2021 Culturally Adapted Therapeutic Approaches: The Healing Environment and Restorative Therapy Model in Refugee Mental Health by Dr. Jamie D. Aten PhD and Jenny Hwang (Eds) (pp. 137–166)[19]
  • 2023 The Shamanistic Enclave: Building Refugee Healthcare Practitioners with M. Leister and L. Charks in Refugees, Refuge, and Human Displacement by Ignacio López-Calvo and Marjorie Ajosin (pp. 179–194)[20]

Most cited papers

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  • The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees[21]
  • Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees[22]
  • Longitudinal study of psychiatric symptoms, disability, mortality, and emigration among Bosnian refugees[23]
  • Mental health in complex emergencies[10]
  • The Harvard trauma questionnaire: adapting a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraqi refugees[24]
  • Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia[25]
  • The effect of trauma and confinement on functional health and mental health status of Cambodians living in Thailand-Cambodia border camps[26]
  • The psychosocial impact of war trauma and torture on Southeast Asian refugees[27]
  • Effects of war trauma on Cambodian refugee adolescents' functional health and mental health status[28]
  • Brain structural abnormalities and mental health sequelae in South Vietnamese ex-political detainees who survived traumatic head injury and torture[29]
  • The HTQ-5: revision of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire for measuring torture, trauma and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in refugee populations[30]
  • The physical and psychological sequelae of torture. Symptomatology and diagnosis[31]
  • The enduring mental health impact of mass violence: a community comparison study of Cambodian civilians living in Cambodia and Thailand[31]
  • High Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Relation to Social Factors in Affected Population One Year after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster[32]
  • A community study of formal pastoral counseling activities of the clergy. Am J Psychiatry[33]
  • From asylum to community. The threatened disintegration of public psychiatry[34]
  • Surviving torture[35]
  • Beyond Burnout: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges to Self-care[36]
  • Mental and physical exhaustion of health-care practitioners[37]
  • Educational potential of a virtual patient system for caring for traumatized patients in primary care[38]
  • Equity and the psychiatric care of the black patient, 1950 to 1975[39]
  • Making strides towards better mental health care in Peru: Results from a primary care mental health training[40]
  • Social class and psychiatric practice: a revision of the Hollingshead and Redlich model[41]
  • Surviving without the asylum. An overview of the studies on the Italian reform movement[42]
  • Cultural dimensions in the evaluation and treatment of sexual trauma. An overview[43]
  • Waging a new kind of war. Invisible wounds[44]
  • Overview: Ethical issues in contemporary psychiatry[45]
  • When racial trauma is a chief complaint among health-care staff[46]

References

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  1. ^ "Richard Mollica, M.D." Massachusetts General Hospital.
  2. ^ "Richard Francis Mollica, M.D." Harvard Catalyst.
  3. ^ a b "Equity, Social Justice, and Advocacy Award Past Recipients (2022)". Harvard Medical School Office For Diversity Inclusion And Community Partnership.
  4. ^ a b "Richard F. Mollica, M.D. '79 M.A.R." Yale Divinity School.
  5. ^ Mineo, Liz (2021-12-01). "Helping traumatized refugees heal themselves". The Harvard Gazette. Med School Professor Richard Mollica's program has pioneered treatment, research for survivors over four decades
  6. ^ Gisotti, Alessandro (2024-04-12). "The invisible and indelible wounds of war". L'Osservatore Romano. Vol. Fifty-seventh year, no. 15. pp. 6–7. In 1981, a young Italian-American psychiatrist founded the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, in Boston, a pioneering programme on the mental health care of survivors of mass violence and torture
  7. ^ a b Mollica, Richard (September 2022). Manifesto IV Healing a Violent World: The Will to Heal and Survive in an Apocalyptic World.
  8. ^ a b Yanks, Lauren (2024-03-20). "'Applied religion': M.D. alum pioneers care for traumatized refugees". Yale University.
  9. ^ "Reed College Graduation Certificate" (PDF). Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  10. ^ a b Mollica, R. F.; Cardozo, B. Lopes; Osofsky, H. J.; Raphael, B.; Ager, A.; Salama, P. (2004-12-04). "Mental health in complex emergencies". Lancet. 364 (9450): 2058–2067. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17519-3. ISSN 1474-547X. PMID 15582064.
  11. ^ "Chester M. Pierce Human Rights Award Recipients 1992-2021" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  12. ^ Mollica, Richard (August 2012). Trauma Story Assessment and Therapy: Journal for Field and Clinic. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-105-03506-7.
  13. ^ Mollica, Richard (July 2012). Textbook of Global Mental Health: Trauma and Recovery, A Companion Guide for Field and Clinical Care of Traumatized People Worldwide. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1105851087.
  14. ^ Mollica R, Tor S (September 2011). Sun and Moon. ISBN 978-1105034701.
  15. ^ Mollica, Richard (November 2018). A Manifesto. Healing a Violent World. Solis Press. ISBN 978-1910146347.
  16. ^ Ochberg, Frank (February 1988). Post-Traumatic Therapy And Victims Of Violence. Routledge. pp. 295–314. ISBN 0876304900.
  17. ^ Lindert J, Levav I (March 2015). Violence and Mental Health: Its Manifold Faces. Springer. pp. 341–378. ISBN 978-9401789981.
  18. ^ Suarez-Orozco, Marcelo (January 2019). Violence and Mental Health: Its Manifold Faces. University of California Press. pp. 123–136. ISBN 978-0520297128.
  19. ^ Aten J, Hwang J (January 2021). Refugee Mental Health. American Psychological Association. pp. 137–166. ISBN 978-1433833724.
  20. ^ López-Calvo I, Ajosin M (November 2022). Refugees, Refuge, and Human Displacement. Anthem Press. pp. 179–194.
  21. ^ Mollica, R. F.; Caspi-Yavin, Y.; Bollini, P.; Truong, T.; Tor, S.; Lavelle, J. (February 1992). "The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 180 (2): 111–116. doi:10.1097/00005053-199202000-00008. ISSN 0022-3018. PMID 1737972.
  22. ^ Mollica, R. F.; Wyshak, G.; de Marneffe, D.; Khuon, F.; Lavelle, J. (April 1987). "Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (4): 497–500. doi:10.1176/ajp.144.4.497. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 3565621.
  23. ^ Mollica, R. F.; Sarajlic, N.; Chernoff, M.; Lavelle, J.; Vukovic, I. S.; Massagli, M. P. (2001-08-01). "Longitudinal study of psychiatric symptoms, disability, mortality, and emigration among Bosnian refugees". JAMA. 286 (5): 546–554. doi:10.1001/jama.286.5.546. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 11476656.
  24. ^ Shoeb, Marwa; Weinstein, Harvey; Mollica, Richard (September 2007). "The Harvard trauma questionnaire: adapting a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraqi refugees". The International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 53 (5): 447–463. doi:10.1177/0020764007078362. ISSN 0020-7640. PMID 18018666.
  25. ^ Mollica, R. F.; McInnes, K.; Sarajlić, N.; Lavelle, J.; Sarajlić, I.; Massagli, M. P. (1999-08-04). "Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia". JAMA. 282 (5): 433–439. doi:10.1001/jama.282.5.433. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 10442658.
  26. ^ Mollica, R. F.; Donelan, K.; Tor, S.; Lavelle, J.; Elias, C.; Frankel, M.; Blendon, R. J. (1993-08-04). "The effect of trauma and confinement on functional health and mental health status of Cambodians living in Thailand-Cambodia border camps". JAMA. 270 (5): 581–586. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510050047025. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 8331755.
  27. ^ Mollica, R. F.; Wyshak, G.; Lavelle, J. (December 1987). "The psychosocial impact of war trauma and torture on Southeast Asian refugees". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (12): 1567–1572. doi:10.1176/ajp.144.12.1567. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 3688280.
  28. ^ Mollica, R. F.; Poole, C.; Son, L.; Murray, C. C.; Tor, S. (August 1997). "Effects of war trauma on Cambodian refugee adolescents' functional health and mental health status". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 36 (8): 1098–1106. doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00017. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 9256589.
  29. ^ Mollica, Richard F.; Lyoo, In Kyoon; Chernoff, Miriam C.; Bui, Hoan X.; Lavelle, James; Yoon, Sujung J.; Kim, Jieun E.; Renshaw, Perry F. (November 2009). "Brain structural abnormalities and mental health sequelae in South Vietnamese ex-political detainees who survived traumatic head injury and torture". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (11): 1221–1232. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.127. ISSN 1538-3636. PMID 19884610.
  30. ^ Berthold, S. Megan; Mollica, Richard F.; Silove, Derrick; Tay, Alvin Kuowei; Lavelle, James; Lindert, Jutta (2019-06-01). "The HTQ-5: revision of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire for measuring torture, trauma and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in refugee populations". European Journal of Public Health. 29 (3): 468–474. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cky256. ISSN 1464-360X. PMID 30561573.
  31. ^ a b Goldfeld, A. E.; Mollica, R. F.; Pesavento, B. H.; Faraone, S. V. (1988-05-13). "The physical and psychological sequelae of torture. Symptomatology and diagnosis". JAMA. 259 (18): 2725–2729. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03720180051032. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 3282086.
  32. ^ Tsujiuchi, Takuya; Yamaguchi, Maya; Masuda, Kazutaka; Tsuchida, Marisa; Inomata, Tadashi; Kumano, Hiroaki; Kikuchi, Yasushi; Augusterfer, Eugene F.; Mollica, Richard F. (2016). "High Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Relation to Social Factors in Affected Population One Year after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster". PLOS ONE. 11 (3): e0151807. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1151807T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151807. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4803346. PMID 27002324.
  33. ^ Mollica RF, Streets FJ, Boscarino J, Redlich FC (March 1986). "A community study of formal pastoral counseling activities of the clergy. Am J Psychiatry". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 143 (3): 323–328. doi:10.1176/ajp.143.3.323. PMID 3953866.
  34. ^ Mollica, Richard (1983-02-17). "From asylum to community. The threatened disintegration of public psychiatry". The New England Journal of Medicine. 308 (7): 367–373. doi:10.1056/NEJM198302173080705. PMID 6823241.
  35. ^ Mollica, Richard (2004-07-01). "Surviving torture". The New England Journal of Medicine. 351 (1): 5–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMp048141. PMID 15229300.
  36. ^ Mollica RF, Fernando DB, Augusterfer EF (2021-03-09). "Beyond Burnout: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges to Self-care". Current Psychiatry Reports. 23 (4): 21. doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01230-2. PMC 7942210. PMID 33728512.
  37. ^ Mollica RF, Fricchione GL (2021-12-18). "Mental and physical exhaustion of health-care practitioners". Lancet. 398 (10318): 2243–2244. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02663-5. PMC 8676692. PMID 34922665.
  38. ^ Ekblad S, Mollica RF, Fors U, Pantziaras I, Lavelle J (2013-08-19). "Educational potential of a virtual patient system for caring for traumatized patients in primary care". BMC Medical Education. 13: 110. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-110. PMC 3765390. PMID 23957962.
  39. ^ Mollica RF, Blum JD, Redlich F (May 1980). "Equity and the psychiatric care of the black patient, 1950 to 1975". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 168 (5): 279–286. doi:10.1097/00005053-198005000-00008. PMID 7365493.
  40. ^ Borba CP, Gelaye B, Zayas L, Ulloa M, Lavelle J, Mollica RF, Henderson DC (April 2015). "Making strides towards better mental health care in Peru: Results from a primary care mental health training". International Journal of Clinical Psychiatry and Mental Health. 3 (1): 9–19. doi:10.12970/2310-8231.2015.03.01.3. PMC 4820320. PMID 27054141.
  41. ^ Mollica RF, Milic M (January 1986). "Social class and psychiatric practice: a revision of the Hollingshead and Redlich model". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 143 (1): 12–17. doi:10.1176/ajp.143.1.12. PMID 3942269.
  42. ^ Bollini P, Mollica RF (October 1989). "Surviving without the asylum. An overview of the studies on the Italian reform movement". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 177 (10): 607–615. doi:10.1097/00005053-198910000-00003. PMID 2677238.
  43. ^ Mollica RF, Son L (June 1989). "Cultural dimensions in the evaluation and treatment of sexual trauma. An overview". The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 12 (2): 363–379. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30437-4. PMID 2748443.
  44. ^ Mollica, Richard (June 2000). "Waging a new kind of war. Invisible wounds". Scientific American. 282 (6): 54–57. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0600-54. PMID 10862423.
  45. ^ Redlich F, Mollica RF (February 1976). "Overview: Ethical issues in contemporary psychiatry". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 133 (2): 125–136. doi:10.1176/ajp.133.2.125. PMID 766649.
  46. ^ Mollica RF, Fernando D (2020-11-14). "When racial trauma is a chief complaint among health-care staff". Lancet. 396 (10262): e84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32223-6. PMID 33125928.
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