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Solar eclipse of May 21, 2031

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Solar eclipse of May 21, 2031
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.197
Magnitude0.9589
Maximum eclipse
Duration326 s (5 min 26 s)
Coordinates8°54′N 71°42′E / 8.9°N 71.7°E / 8.9; 71.7
Max. width of band152 km (94 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse7:16:04
References
Saros138 (32 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9577

An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 21, 2031,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9589. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.8 days before apogee (on May 25, 2031, at 3:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.[2]

Annularity will be visible from parts of Angola, Zambia, the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Malawi, Tanzania, southern India, northern Sri Lanka, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, southern Thailand, Malaysia, and much of Indonesia. A partial eclipse will be visible for much of Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia.

Images

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Animated path

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

May 21, 2031 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2031 May 21 at 04:15:23.0 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2031 May 21 at 05:19:52.6 UTC
First Central Line 2031 May 21 at 05:21:47.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2031 May 21 at 05:23:41.5 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2031 May 21 at 06:30:37.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2031 May 21 at 07:13:28.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2031 May 21 at 07:16:04.3 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2031 May 21 at 07:18:22.9 UTC
Greatest Duration 2031 May 21 at 07:24:28.7 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2031 May 21 at 08:01:34.7 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2031 May 21 at 09:08:27.6 UTC
Last Central Line 2031 May 21 at 09:10:24.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2031 May 21 at 09:12:20.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2031 May 21 at 10:16:51.4 UTC
May 21, 2031 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.95892
Eclipse Obscuration 0.91954
Gamma −0.19699
Sun Right Ascension 03h51m34.6s
Sun Declination +20°09'39.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'48.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 03h51m39.8s
Moon Declination +19°58'57.5"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'55.8"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'47.5"
ΔT 74.4 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of May–June 2031
May 7
Ascending node (full moon)
May 21
Descending node (new moon)
June 5
Ascending node (full moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 112
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 138
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 150
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Eclipses in 2031

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 138

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2029–2032

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

The partial solar eclipses on January 14, 2029 and July 11, 2029 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2029 to 2032
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
118 June 12, 2029

Partial
1.29431 123 December 5, 2029

Partial
−1.06090
128 June 1, 2030

Annular
0.56265 133 November 25, 2030

Total
−0.38669
138 May 21, 2031

Annular
−0.19699 143 November 14, 2031

Hybrid
0.30776
148 May 9, 2032

Annular
−0.93748 153 November 3, 2032

Partial
1.06431

Saros 138

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 138, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 6, 1472. It contains annular eclipses from August 31, 1598 through February 18, 2482; a hybrid eclipse on March 1, 2500; and total eclipses from March 12, 2518 through April 3, 2554. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on July 11, 2716. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 23 at 8 minutes, 2 seconds on February 11, 1869, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 56 seconds on April 3, 2554. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 20–41 occur between 1801 and 2200:
20 21 22

January 10, 1815

January 20, 1833

February 1, 1851
23 24 25

February 11, 1869

February 22, 1887

March 6, 1905
26 27 28

March 17, 1923

March 27, 1941

April 8, 1959
29 30 31

April 18, 1977

April 29, 1995

May 10, 2013
32 33 34

May 21, 2031

May 31, 2049

June 11, 2067
35 36 37

June 22, 2085

July 4, 2103

July 14, 2121
38 39 40

July 25, 2139

August 5, 2157

August 16, 2175
41

August 26, 2193

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between May 21, 1993 and May 20, 2069
May 20–21 March 9 December 25–26 October 13–14 August 1–2
118 120 122 124 126

May 21, 1993

March 9, 1997

December 25, 2000

October 14, 2004

August 1, 2008
128 130 132 134 136

May 20, 2012

March 9, 2016

December 26, 2019

October 14, 2023

August 2, 2027
138 140 142 144 146

May 21, 2031

March 9, 2035

December 26, 2038

October 14, 2042

August 2, 2046
148 150 152 154 156

May 20, 2050

March 9, 2054

December 26, 2057

October 13, 2061

August 2, 2065
158

May 20, 2069

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 4, 1802
(Saros 117)

February 1, 1813
(Saros 118)

January 1, 1824
(Saros 119)

November 30, 1834
(Saros 120)

October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)

September 29, 1856
(Saros 122)

August 29, 1867
(Saros 123)

July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)

June 28, 1889
(Saros 125)

May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)

April 28, 1911
(Saros 127)

March 28, 1922
(Saros 128)

February 24, 1933
(Saros 129)

January 25, 1944
(Saros 130)

December 25, 1954
(Saros 131)

November 23, 1965
(Saros 132)

October 23, 1976
(Saros 133)

September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)

August 22, 1998
(Saros 135)

July 22, 2009
(Saros 136)

June 21, 2020
(Saros 137)

May 21, 2031
(Saros 138)

April 20, 2042
(Saros 139)

March 20, 2053
(Saros 140)

February 17, 2064
(Saros 141)

January 16, 2075
(Saros 142)

December 16, 2085
(Saros 143)

November 15, 2096
(Saros 144)

October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)

September 15, 2118
(Saros 146)

August 15, 2129
(Saros 147)

July 14, 2140
(Saros 148)

June 14, 2151
(Saros 149)

May 14, 2162
(Saros 150)

April 12, 2173
(Saros 151)

March 12, 2184
(Saros 152)

February 10, 2195
(Saros 153)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

October 9, 1828
(Saros 131)

September 18, 1857
(Saros 132)

August 29, 1886
(Saros 133)

August 10, 1915
(Saros 134)

July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)

June 30, 1973
(Saros 136)

June 10, 2002
(Saros 137)

May 21, 2031
(Saros 138)

April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)

April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)

March 22, 2118
(Saros 141)

March 2, 2147
(Saros 142)

February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)

References

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  1. ^ "May 21, 2031 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2031 May 21". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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