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[[File:Honnoj.jpg|thumb|right|[[June 21]]: The [[Incident at Honnō-ji]]]]
'''1582''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Julian calendar]], and a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. This year saw the beginning of the '''[[Gregorian calendar]] switch''', when the [[papal bull]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' introduced the Gregorian calendar, adopted by Spain, Portugal, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal through Thursday, [[October 4]]; the next day became Friday, [[October 15]], like a [[common year starting on Friday]]. France followed two months later, letting Sunday, [[December 9]] be followed by Monday, [[December 20]]. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion to the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until [[1923]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January–June ===
* [[January 15]] – [[Russia]] cedes its conquered areas in [[Livonia]] (Northern [[Latvia]] and Southern [[Estonia]]), to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
* [[February 10]] – [[François, Duke of Anjou]], arrives in the Netherlands, where he is personally welcomed by [[William the Silent]].
* [[February 24]] – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] proclaims the [[Gregorian Calendar]], to come into effect later in the year.<ref name=calendar>{{cite book|title=Historical Association Pamphlet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbAyAQAAIAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Historical Association|page=5}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – [[Scryer]] [[Edward Kelley]] arrives at [[John Dee]]'s house in London. They practice angelic magic together and Dee develops the [[Enochian]] language.<ref>{{cite web|title=MS. Sloane 3188|url=http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/sloane_3188/|publisher=The Magickal Review|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410190925/http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/sloane_3188/|archive-date=2012-04-10}}</ref>
* [[April 2]] – [[1582 Ancuancu earthquake]]: Ancuancu (in modern-day [[La Paz Department, Bolivia|La Paz Department]], [[Bolivia]]) is struck by an earthquake that reportedly buries all of the inhabitants, except for one chief, who reportedly loses the ability to speak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eldeber.com.bo/2011/2011-11-23/vernotaahora.php?id=111123012412 |title=EL DEBER, Noticias de Bolivia y el Mundo |access-date=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126103032/http://www.eldeber.com.bo/2011/2011-11-23/vernotaahora.php?id=111123012412 |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead|lang=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hay Riesgo de un Megaterremoto en Bolivia|website=Radio FMBolicia.Ne|url=http://www.fmbolivia.net/noticia25070-hay-riesgo-de-un-megaterremoto-en-bolivia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222132708/http://www.fmbolivia.net/noticia25070-hay-riesgo-de-un-megaterremoto-en-bolivia.html|archive-date=2014-02-22|access-date=February 12, 2014|url-status=dead|lang=es}}</ref> On the place where the village had stood, the Jacha Kalla ([[Achocalla]]) valley is formed as a result of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bolivia. Dirección General de Estadística y Estudios Geográficos|title=Boletin|url=https://archive.org/details/boletin01mexigoog|year=1909|page=[https://archive.org/details/boletin01mexigoog/page/n75 55]|publisher=Secretaria de fomento}}</ref>
* [[April 3]] – [[Battle of Temmokuzan]]: Unable to reverse the collapse of [[Takeda clan]], [[Takeda Katsuyori]] and his household commit suicide.
* [[April 14]] – King [[James VI]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] signs a charter creating the Tounis College, which becomes the [[University of Edinburgh]].
* [[April 16]] – [[Spain|Spanish]] conquistador [[Hernando de Lerma]] founds the settlement of [[Salta]], [[Argentina]].
* [[April]] – [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi|Hashiba Hideyoshi]] begins the [[Siege of Takamatsu]] Castle.
* [[May]]–August – [[Robert Browne (Brownist)|Robert Browne]] and his [[Brownist]] [[congregationalist]] companions are obliged to leave [[England]], and go to [[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=Michael E.|last=Moody|title=Browne, Robert (1550?–1633)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3695|access-date=2011-10-10|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/3695}} </ref>
* [[June 21]] – The [[Incident at Honnō-ji]] occurs in [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]].
=== July–December ===
* [[July 2]] – [[Battle of Yamazaki]]: Counterattacking forces led by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] decisively defeat [[Akechi Mitsuhide]]'s smaller army; Akechi is killed while retreating to his domain.
* [[July 26]] – [[Battle of Ponta Delgada]] ([[War of the Portuguese Succession]]): Spanish admiral [[Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz|Santa Cruz]] decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from [[France]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], supporters of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] claimant [[António, Prior of Crato]], and the [[Dutch Republic]], under [[Filippo di Piero Strozzi]] (who is killed) off the [[Azores]], the first engagement between large fleets of [[galleon]]s, operating at any great distance from the mainland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Walton|first=Timothy|title=The Spanish Treasure Fleets|location=Sarasota, FL|publisher=Pineapple Press|year=2002|isbn=1-56164-049-2|page=80}}</ref>
* [[August 22]] – [[Raid of Ruthven]] in [[Scotland]]: A political conspiracy of [[Presbyterian]] nobles abduct King [[James VI and I|James VI]].
* [[October 4]] of [[Julian calendar]] (Thursday) – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] implements the [[Gregorian calendar]]. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by [[October 15]].<ref name=calendar/>
* [[November 29]] – Future English playwright [[William Shakespeare]] marries [[Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare)|Anne Hathaway]].
* [[December 9]] of [[Julian calendar]] (Sunday) – [[France]] makes the next day Monday, [[December 20]] of the [[Gregorian Calendar]].
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Kumbum]] is founded in [[Tibet]].
* In [[Ming Dynasty]] [[China]]:
** [[Jesuit]] [[Matteo Ricci]] is allowed to enter the country.
** The earliest reference is made to the publishing of private [[newspaper]]s in [[Beijing]].
* The sultanate of [[Morocco]] begins to press southward, in search of a greater share of the trans-Saharan trade.
* The [[1582 Cagayan battles|Cagayan battles]] in the Philippines, the only recorded clashes between European regular soldiers and [[samurai]] warriors.
* [[University of Würzburg]] refounded.
* The ''[[Douai-Rheims Bible]]'' [[New Testament]] is published.
* [[Battle of Dewair (1582)|Battle of Dewair]]
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
[[File:GeorgII.1615.JPG|thumb|110px|[[George II, Duke of Pomerania]]]]
[[File:Taichang.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Taichang Emperor]]]]
* [[January 6]]
** [[Alonso de Contreras]], Spanish privateer and writer (d. [[1641]])
** [[Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice]], Bohemian noble (d. [[1649]])
* [[January 7]] – [[Magdalene of Brandenburg]], Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt (1598–1616) (d. [[1616]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Giovanni Lanfranco]], Italian painter (d. [[1647]])
* [[January 28]] – [[John Barclay (1582-1621)|John Barclay]], Scottish satirist and Latin poet (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite web |title=John Barclay {{!}} Scottish writer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barclay |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=14 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] – [[George II, Duke of Pomerania]] (d. [[1617]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Matthias Bernegger]], German philologist (d. [[1640]])
* [[February 17]] – [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d. [[1641]])
* [[February 22]] – [[John Ratcliffe (soldier)|John Ratcliffe]], English politician and soldier (d. [[1627]])
* [[March 15]]
** [[Daniel Featley]], English theologian and controversialist (d. [[1645]])
** [[Deodat del Monte]], Flemish painter, architect (d. [[1644]])
* [[March 22]] – [[John Williams (archbishop of York)|John Williams]], Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I (d. [[1650]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Duchess Sophie of Prussia]], Duchess consort of Courland (1609–1610) (d. [[1610]])
* [[April 8]] – ''(bapt.)'' [[Phineas Fletcher]], English poet (d. [[1650]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Justus de Harduwijn]], Dutch Catholic priest and poet (d. [[1636]])
* [[May 1]] – [[Marco da Gagliano]], Italian composer of the early Baroque era (d. [[1643]])
* [[May 5]] – [[John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg]] (1608–1628) (d. [[1628]])
* [[June 26]] – [[Johannes Schultz (composer)|Johannes Schultz]], German composer (d. [[1653]])
* [[June 28]] – [[William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele]], English nobleman and politician (d. [[1662]])
* [[July 27]] – [[Sir John Isham, 1st Baronet]], English Member of Parliament (d. [[1651]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Sabina Catharina of East Frisia]], Countess of Rietberg (1586–1618) (d. [[1618]])
* [[August 17]] – [[John Matthew Rispoli]], major Maltese philosopher of great erudition (d. [[1639]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Humilis of Bisignano]], Italian Franciscan friar and saint (d. [[1637]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Maria Amalia of Nassau-Dillenburg]], German noble (d. [[1635]])
* [[August 28]]
** [[Taichang Emperor]], of the Ming Dynasty of China (d. [[1620]])
** [[Hans Meinhard von Schönberg]], German military commander (d. [[1616]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (1582–1620)|Archduchess Eleanor of Austria]] (d. [[1620]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Eitel Frederick von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], German Catholic cardinal (d. [[1625]])
* [[October 2]] – [[Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach]], Count Palatine of Neuburg (1614–1632) (d. [[1632]])
* [[October 17]] – [[Johann Gerhard]], Lutheran church leader (d. [[1637]])
* [[October 19]] – [[Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (born 1582)|Dmitri Ivanovich]], Russian Tsarevich (d. [[1591]])
* [[October 21]] – [[John Ernest of Nassau-Siegen (1582–1617)|John Ernest of Nassau-Siegen]], German general (d. [[1617]])
* [[October 22]] – [[Francesco Piccolomini (Jesuit)|Francesco Piccolomini]], Italian Jesuit (d. [[1651]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Elizabeth Jane Weston]], English Czech poet (d. [[1612]])
* [[November 21]] – [[François Maynard]], French poet (d. [[1646]])
* [[November 27]] – [[Pierre Dupuy (scholar)|Pierre Dupuy]], French historian (d. [[1651]])
* [[November 30]] – [[Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt]], Archbishop of Mainz (d. [[1647]])
* [[December 10]] – [[William Chappell (bishop)|William Chappell]], Irish bishop (d. [[1649]])
* [[December 16]] – [[Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey]], English adventurer and soldier (d. [[1642]])
* [[December 23]] – [[Severo Bonini]], Italian composer (d. [[1663]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stanley Sadie|author2=Alison Latham|title=The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HI4bAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA94|year=1988|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-43236-5|pages=94|language=en}}</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Giovanni Francesco Abela]], Maltese writer (d. [[1655]])
** [[Giulio Alenio]], Italian Jesuit missionary (d. [[1649]])
** [[Gregorio Allegri]], Italian composer (d. [[1652]])
** [[John Bainbridge (astronomer)|John Bainbridge]], English astronomer (d. [[1648]])
** [[Richard Corbet]], English poet and bishop (d. [[1635]])
** [[William Juxon]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1663]])
** [[Thomas Moulson]], Lord Mayor of London (d. [[1638]])
** [[David Teniers the Elder]], Flemish painter (d. [[1649]])
** [[Francis Windebank]], English politician (d. [[1646]])
** [[Jacomina de Witte]], politically influential Dutch woman (d. [[1661]])
** [[Jakub Zadzik]], Polish nobleman and diplomat (d. [[1642]])
* ''probable'' – [[Sigismondo d'India]], Italian composer (d. [[1629]])
== Deaths ==
[[File:odanobunaga.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Oda Nobunaga]]]]
[[File:Peter Paul Rubens 138.jpg|thumb|110px|Saint [[Teresa of Avila]]]]
[[File:Prinzen Don Diego, Sohn König Philipps II. von Spanien und Königin Annas von Österreich.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Diego, Prince of Asturias]]]]
[[File:Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, III Duque de Alba, por Antonio Moro.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Fernando Álvarez de Toledo]]]]
* [[January 23]] – [[Jean Bauhin]], French physician (b. [[1511]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Thomas Platter]], Swiss humanist scholar (b. [[1499]])
* [[February 18]] – [[Sakuma Nobumori]], Japanese retainer and samurai (b. [[1527]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine]] by marriage (1576-1582) (b. [[1539]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Juan Jauregui]], attempted assassin of [[William I of Orange]] (b. [[1562]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Daniel Brendel von Homburg]], Roman Catholic archbishop (b. [[1522]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Philip de' Medici]], Italian noble, Grand Prince of Tuscany (b. [[1577]])
* [[April 3]] – [[Takeda Katsuyori]], Japanese daimyō of Takeda Clan (b. [[1546]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Oyamada Nobushige]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1545]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Francisco de Toledo]], Spanish soldier and politician (b. [[1515]])
* [[May 3]] – [[Giorgio Mainerio]], Italian composer (b. [[1530]])
* [[May 5]] – [[Charlotte of Bourbon]], Princess consort of Orange, married to [[William I of Orange]] (b. [[1547]])
* [[June 13]] – [[Matteo Tafuri]], Italian alchemist (b. [[1492]])
* [[June 21]]
** [[Oda Nobunaga]], Japanese daimyō of the Oda Clan (b. [[1534]]) (forced suicide)<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeroen Pieter Lamers|title=Japonius Tyrannus: The Japanese Warlord, Oda Nobunaga Reconsidered|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-CIg2yGJx8C|year=2000|publisher=Hotei Publishing|isbn=978-90-74822-22-0|pages=216–218}}</ref>
** [[Oda Nobutada]], Japanese samurai, oldest son of Nobunaga (b. [[1557]]) (forced suicide)
** [[Anayama Nobukimi]], Japanese military commander (b. [[1541]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Shimizu Muneharu]], Japanese military commander (b. [[1537]])
* [[July 2]] – [[Akechi Mitsuhide]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1528]])
* [[July 3]] – [[James Crichton]], Scottish scholar (b. [[1560]])
* [[July 7]] – [[Kawajiri Hidetaka]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1527]])
* [[July 17]] – [[Jacques Peletier du Mans]], French mathematician (b. [[1517]])
* [[September 23]] – [[Louis, Duke of Montpensier]] (b. [[1513]])
* [[September 28]] – [[George Buchanan (humanist)|George Buchanan]], Scottish humanist scholar (b. [[1506]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Teresa of Ávila]], Spanish [[Carmelite]] nun, poet and saint (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Tyler|title=Teresa of Avila: Doctor of the Soul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnFmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|date=10 April 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-8784-0|pages=11|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] – [[Laurent Joubert]], French physician (b. [[1529]])
* [[November 21]] – [[Diego, Prince of Asturias]], Portuguese prince (b. [[1575]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba]], Spanish general (b. [[1507]])
* ''Date unknown:''
** [[Wu Cheng'en]], Chinese novelist and poet of the [[Ming dynasty]]
** [[Hans Hendrik van Paesschen]], Flemish architect (b. [[1510]])
** [[Zhang Juzheng]], Ming dynasty official (b. [[1525]])
** [[Takeda Nobukado]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1529]])
** [[Sen Soulintha]], Laotian king of [[Lan Xang]] (b. [[1511]])
** [[Anthony Lorinthia Geriasarch]], Prussian general (b. [[1493]])<ref>Tuttle, Hubert. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewcBAAAAMAAJ&q=history+of+the+%22prussia%22+military&dq=history+of+the+%22prussia%22+military&hl=en&ei=s5BMTJmdPMH-8AbAq-U0&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg History of Prussia: 1134-1740]''. AMS Press, 1971.</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1582}}
[[Category:1582| ]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1582}}
{{Year nav|1582}}
{{C16 year in topic}}
[[File:Honnoj.jpg|thumb|right|[[June 21]]: The [[Incident at Honnō-ji]]]]
'''2023''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Julian calendar]], and a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. This year saw the beginning of the '''[[Gregorian calendar]] switch''', when the [[papal bull]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' introduced the Gregorian calendar, adopted by Spain, Portugal, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal through Thursday, [[October 4]]; the next day became Friday, [[October 15]], like a [[common year starting on Friday]]. France followed two months later, letting Sunday, [[December 9]] be followed by Monday, [[December 20]]. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion to the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until [[1923]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January–June ===
* [[January 15]] – [[Russia]] cedes its conquered areas in [[Livonia]] (Northern [[Latvia]] and Southern [[Estonia]]), to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
* [[February 10]] – [[François, Duke of Anjou]], arrives in the Netherlands, where he is personally welcomed by [[William the Silent]].
* [[February 24]] – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] proclaims the [[Gregorian Calendar]], to come into effect later in the year.<ref name=calendar>{{cite book|title=Historical Association Pamphlet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbAyAQAAIAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Historical Association|page=5}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – [[Scryer]] [[Edward Kelley]] arrives at [[John Dee]]'s house in London. They practice angelic magic together and Dee develops the [[Enochian]] language.<ref>{{cite web|title=MS. Sloane 3188|url=http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/sloane_3188/|publisher=The Magickal Review|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410190925/http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/sloane_3188/|archive-date=2012-04-10}}</ref>
* [[April 2]] – [[1582 Ancuancu earthquake]]: Ancuancu (in modern-day [[La Paz Department, Bolivia|La Paz Department]], [[Bolivia]]) is struck by an earthquake that reportedly buries all of the inhabitants, except for one chief, who reportedly loses the ability to speak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eldeber.com.bo/2011/2011-11-23/vernotaahora.php?id=111123012412 |title=EL DEBER, Noticias de Bolivia y el Mundo |access-date=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126103032/http://www.eldeber.com.bo/2011/2011-11-23/vernotaahora.php?id=111123012412 |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead|lang=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hay Riesgo de un Megaterremoto en Bolivia|website=Radio FMBolicia.Ne|url=http://www.fmbolivia.net/noticia25070-hay-riesgo-de-un-megaterremoto-en-bolivia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222132708/http://www.fmbolivia.net/noticia25070-hay-riesgo-de-un-megaterremoto-en-bolivia.html|archive-date=2014-02-22|access-date=February 12, 2014|url-status=dead|lang=es}}</ref> On the place where the village had stood, the Jacha Kalla ([[Achocalla]]) valley is formed as a result of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bolivia. Dirección General de Estadística y Estudios Geográficos|title=Boletin|url=https://archive.org/details/boletin01mexigoog|year=1909|page=[https://archive.org/details/boletin01mexigoog/page/n75 55]|publisher=Secretaria de fomento}}</ref>
* [[April 3]] – [[Battle of Temmokuzan]]: Unable to reverse the collapse of [[Takeda clan]], [[Takeda Katsuyori]] and his household commit suicide.
* [[April 14]] – King [[James VI]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] signs a charter creating the Tounis College, which becomes the [[University of Edinburgh]].
* [[April 16]] – [[Spain|Spanish]] conquistador [[Hernando de Lerma]] founds the settlement of [[Salta]], [[Argentina]].
* [[April]] – [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi|Hashiba Hideyoshi]] begins the [[Siege of Takamatsu]] Castle.
* [[May]]–August – [[Robert Browne (Brownist)|Robert Browne]] and his [[Brownist]] [[congregationalist]] companions are obliged to leave [[England]], and go to [[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=Michael E.|last=Moody|title=Browne, Robert (1550?–1633)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3695|access-date=2011-10-10|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/3695}} </ref>
* [[June 21]] – The [[Incident at Honnō-ji]] occurs in [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]].
=== July–December ===
* [[July 2]] – [[Battle of Yamazaki]]: Counterattacking forces led by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] decisively defeat [[Akechi Mitsuhide]]'s smaller army; Akechi is killed while retreating to his domain.
* [[July 26]] – [[Battle of Ponta Delgada]] ([[War of the Portuguese Succession]]): Spanish admiral [[Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz|Santa Cruz]] decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from [[France]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], supporters of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] claimant [[António, Prior of Crato]], and the [[Dutch Republic]], under [[Filippo di Piero Strozzi]] (who is killed) off the [[Azores]], the first engagement between large fleets of [[galleon]]s, operating at any great distance from the mainland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Walton|first=Timothy|title=The Spanish Treasure Fleets|location=Sarasota, FL|publisher=Pineapple Press|year=2002|isbn=1-56164-049-2|page=80}}</ref>
* [[August 22]] – [[Raid of Ruthven]] in [[Scotland]]: A political conspiracy of [[Presbyterian]] nobles abduct King [[James VI and I|James VI]].
* [[October 4]] of [[Julian calendar]] (Thursday) – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] implements the [[Gregorian calendar]]. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by [[October 15]].<ref name=calendar/>
* [[November 29]] – Future English playwright [[William Shakespeare]] marries [[Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare)|Anne Hathaway]].
* [[December 9]] of [[Julian calendar]] (Sunday) – [[France]] makes the next day Monday, [[December 20]] of the [[Gregorian Calendar]].
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Kumbum]] is founded in [[Tibet]].
* In [[Ming Dynasty]] [[China]]:
** [[Jesuit]] [[Matteo Ricci]] is allowed to enter the country.
** The earliest reference is made to the publishing of private [[newspaper]]s in [[Beijing]].
* The sultanate of [[Morocco]] begins to press southward, in search of a greater share of the trans-Saharan trade.
* The [[1582 Cagayan battles|Cagayan battles]] in the Philippines, the only recorded clashes between European regular soldiers and [[samurai]] warriors.
* [[University of Würzburg]] refounded.
* The ''[[Douai-Rheims Bible]]'' [[New Testament]] is published.
* [[Battle of Dewair (1582)|Battle of Dewair]]
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
[[File:GeorgII.1615.JPG|thumb|110px|[[George II, Duke of Pomerania]]]]
[[File:Taichang.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Taichang Emperor]]]]
* [[January 6]]
** [[Alonso de Contreras]], Spanish privateer and writer (d. [[1641]])
** [[Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice]], Bohemian noble (d. [[1649]])
* [[January 7]] – [[Magdalene of Brandenburg]], Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt (1598–1616) (d. [[1616]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Giovanni Lanfranco]], Italian painter (d. [[1647]])
* [[January 28]] – [[John Barclay (1582-1621)|John Barclay]], Scottish satirist and Latin poet (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite web |title=John Barclay {{!}} Scottish writer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Barclay |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=14 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] – [[George II, Duke of Pomerania]] (d. [[1617]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Matthias Bernegger]], German philologist (d. [[1640]])
* [[February 17]] – [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d. [[1641]])
* [[February 22]] – [[John Ratcliffe (soldier)|John Ratcliffe]], English politician and soldier (d. [[1627]])
* [[March 15]]
** [[Daniel Featley]], English theologian and controversialist (d. [[1645]])
** [[Deodat del Monte]], Flemish painter, architect (d. [[1644]])
* [[March 22]] – [[John Williams (archbishop of York)|John Williams]], Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I (d. [[1650]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Duchess Sophie of Prussia]], Duchess consort of Courland (1609–1610) (d. [[1610]])
* [[April 8]] – ''(bapt.)'' [[Phineas Fletcher]], English poet (d. [[1650]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Justus de Harduwijn]], Dutch Catholic priest and poet (d. [[1636]])
* [[May 1]] – [[Marco da Gagliano]], Italian composer of the early Baroque era (d. [[1643]])
* [[May 5]] – [[John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg]] (1608–1628) (d. [[1628]])
* [[June 26]] – [[Johannes Schultz (composer)|Johannes Schultz]], German composer (d. [[1653]])
* [[June 28]] – [[William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele]], English nobleman and politician (d. [[1662]])
* [[July 27]] – [[Sir John Isham, 1st Baronet]], English Member of Parliament (d. [[1651]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Sabina Catharina of East Frisia]], Countess of Rietberg (1586–1618) (d. [[1618]])
* [[August 17]] – [[John Matthew Rispoli]], major Maltese philosopher of great erudition (d. [[1639]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Humilis of Bisignano]], Italian Franciscan friar and saint (d. [[1637]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Maria Amalia of Nassau-Dillenburg]], German noble (d. [[1635]])
* [[August 28]]
** [[Taichang Emperor]], of the Ming Dynasty of China (d. [[1620]])
** [[Hans Meinhard von Schönberg]], German military commander (d. [[1616]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (1582–1620)|Archduchess Eleanor of Austria]] (d. [[1620]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Eitel Frederick von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], German Catholic cardinal (d. [[1625]])
* [[October 2]] – [[Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach]], Count Palatine of Neuburg (1614–1632) (d. [[1632]])
* [[October 17]] – [[Johann Gerhard]], Lutheran church leader (d. [[1637]])
* [[October 19]] – [[Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (born 1582)|Dmitri Ivanovich]], Russian Tsarevich (d. [[1591]])
* [[October 21]] – [[John Ernest of Nassau-Siegen (1582–1617)|John Ernest of Nassau-Siegen]], German general (d. [[1617]])
* [[October 22]] – [[Francesco Piccolomini (Jesuit)|Francesco Piccolomini]], Italian Jesuit (d. [[1651]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Elizabeth Jane Weston]], English Czech poet (d. [[1612]])
* [[November 21]] – [[François Maynard]], French poet (d. [[1646]])
* [[November 27]] – [[Pierre Dupuy (scholar)|Pierre Dupuy]], French historian (d. [[1651]])
* [[November 30]] – [[Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt]], Archbishop of Mainz (d. [[1647]])
* [[December 10]] – [[William Chappell (bishop)|William Chappell]], Irish bishop (d. [[1649]])
* [[December 16]] – [[Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey]], English adventurer and soldier (d. [[1642]])
* [[December 23]] – [[Severo Bonini]], Italian composer (d. [[1663]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stanley Sadie|author2=Alison Latham|title=The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HI4bAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA94|year=1988|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-43236-5|pages=94|language=en}}</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Giovanni Francesco Abela]], Maltese writer (d. [[1655]])
** [[Giulio Alenio]], Italian Jesuit missionary (d. [[1649]])
** [[Gregorio Allegri]], Italian composer (d. [[1652]])
** [[John Bainbridge (astronomer)|John Bainbridge]], English astronomer (d. [[1648]])
** [[Richard Corbet]], English poet and bishop (d. [[1635]])
** [[William Juxon]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1663]])
** [[Thomas Moulson]], Lord Mayor of London (d. [[1638]])
** [[David Teniers the Elder]], Flemish painter (d. [[1649]])
** [[Francis Windebank]], English politician (d. [[1646]])
** [[Jacomina de Witte]], politically influential Dutch woman (d. [[1661]])
** [[Jakub Zadzik]], Polish nobleman and diplomat (d. [[1642]])
* ''probable'' – [[Sigismondo d'India]], Italian composer (d. [[1629]])
== Deaths ==
[[File:odanobunaga.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Oda Nobunaga]]]]
[[File:Peter Paul Rubens 138.jpg|thumb|110px|Saint [[Teresa of Avila]]]]
[[File:Prinzen Don Diego, Sohn König Philipps II. von Spanien und Königin Annas von Österreich.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Diego, Prince of Asturias]]]]
[[File:Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, III Duque de Alba, por Antonio Moro.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Fernando Álvarez de Toledo]]]]
* [[January 23]] – [[Jean Bauhin]], French physician (b. [[1511]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Thomas Platter]], Swiss humanist scholar (b. [[1499]])
* [[February 18]] – [[Sakuma Nobumori]], Japanese retainer and samurai (b. [[1527]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine]] by marriage (1576-1582) (b. [[1539]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Juan Jauregui]], attempted assassin of [[William I of Orange]] (b. [[1562]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Daniel Brendel von Homburg]], Roman Catholic archbishop (b. [[1522]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Philip de' Medici]], Italian noble, Grand Prince of Tuscany (b. [[1577]])
* [[April 3]] – [[Takeda Katsuyori]], Japanese daimyō of Takeda Clan (b. [[1546]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Oyamada Nobushige]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1545]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Francisco de Toledo]], Spanish soldier and politician (b. [[1515]])
* [[May 3]] – [[Giorgio Mainerio]], Italian composer (b. [[1530]])
* [[May 5]] – [[Charlotte of Bourbon]], Princess consort of Orange, married to [[William I of Orange]] (b. [[1547]])
* [[June 13]] – [[Matteo Tafuri]], Italian alchemist (b. [[1492]])
* [[June 21]]
** [[Oda Nobunaga]], Japanese daimyō of the Oda Clan (b. [[1534]]) (forced suicide)<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeroen Pieter Lamers|title=Japonius Tyrannus: The Japanese Warlord, Oda Nobunaga Reconsidered|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-CIg2yGJx8C|year=2000|publisher=Hotei Publishing|isbn=978-90-74822-22-0|pages=216–218}}</ref>
** [[Oda Nobutada]], Japanese samurai, oldest son of Nobunaga (b. [[1557]]) (forced suicide)
** [[Anayama Nobukimi]], Japanese military commander (b. [[1541]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Shimizu Muneharu]], Japanese military commander (b. [[1537]])
* [[July 2]] – [[Akechi Mitsuhide]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1528]])
* [[July 3]] – [[James Crichton]], Scottish scholar (b. [[1560]])
* [[July 7]] – [[Kawajiri Hidetaka]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1527]])
* [[July 17]] – [[Jacques Peletier du Mans]], French mathematician (b. [[1517]])
* [[September 23]] – [[Louis, Duke of Montpensier]] (b. [[1513]])
* [[September 28]] – [[George Buchanan (humanist)|George Buchanan]], Scottish humanist scholar (b. [[1506]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Teresa of Ávila]], Spanish [[Carmelite]] nun, poet and saint (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Tyler|title=Teresa of Avila: Doctor of the Soul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnFmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|date=10 April 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-8784-0|pages=11|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] – [[Laurent Joubert]], French physician (b. [[1529]])
* [[November 21]] – [[Diego, Prince of Asturias]], Portuguese prince (b. [[1575]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba]], Spanish general (b. [[1507]])
* ''Date unknown:''
** [[Wu Cheng'en]], Chinese novelist and poet of the [[Ming dynasty]]
** [[Hans Hendrik van Paesschen]], Flemish architect (b. [[1510]])
** [[Zhang Juzheng]], Ming dynasty official (b. [[1525]])
** [[Takeda Nobukado]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1529]])
** [[Sen Soulintha]], Laotian king of [[Lan Xang]] (b. [[1511]])
** [[Anthony Lorinthia Geriasarch]], Prussian general (b. [[1493]])<ref>Tuttle, Hubert. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewcBAAAAMAAJ&q=history+of+the+%22prussia%22+military&dq=history+of+the+%22prussia%22+military&hl=en&ei=s5BMTJmdPMH-8AbAq-U0&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg History of Prussia: 1134-1740]''. AMS Press, 1971.</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1582}}
[[Category:1582| ]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
{{C16 year in topic}}
[[File:Honnoj.jpg|thumb|right|[[June 21]]: The [[Incident at Honnō-ji]]]]
-'''1582''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Julian calendar]], and a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. This year saw the beginning of the '''[[Gregorian calendar]] switch''', when the [[papal bull]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' introduced the Gregorian calendar, adopted by Spain, Portugal, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal through Thursday, [[October 4]]; the next day became Friday, [[October 15]], like a [[common year starting on Friday]]. France followed two months later, letting Sunday, [[December 9]] be followed by Monday, [[December 20]]. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion to the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until [[1923]].
+'''2023''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Julian calendar]], and a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. This year saw the beginning of the '''[[Gregorian calendar]] switch''', when the [[papal bull]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' introduced the Gregorian calendar, adopted by Spain, Portugal, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal through Thursday, [[October 4]]; the next day became Friday, [[October 15]], like a [[common year starting on Friday]]. France followed two months later, letting Sunday, [[December 9]] be followed by Monday, [[December 20]]. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion to the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until [[1923]].
== Events ==
' |
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0 => ''''2023''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Julian calendar]], and a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. This year saw the beginning of the '''[[Gregorian calendar]] switch''', when the [[papal bull]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' introduced the Gregorian calendar, adopted by Spain, Portugal, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal through Thursday, [[October 4]]; the next day became Friday, [[October 15]], like a [[common year starting on Friday]]. France followed two months later, letting Sunday, [[December 9]] be followed by Monday, [[December 20]]. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion to the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until [[1923]].'
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0 => ''''1582''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Julian calendar]], and a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. This year saw the beginning of the '''[[Gregorian calendar]] switch''', when the [[papal bull]] ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' introduced the Gregorian calendar, adopted by Spain, Portugal, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal through Thursday, [[October 4]]; the next day became Friday, [[October 15]], like a [[common year starting on Friday]]. France followed two months later, letting Sunday, [[December 9]] be followed by Monday, [[December 20]]. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion to the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until [[1923]].'
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