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Variable | Value |
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Name of the user account (user_name ) | '78.100.243.13' |
Page ID (page_id ) | 21316696 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Kiranti languages' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | 'Kiranti languages' |
Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | '/* Notes */ ' |
Whether or not the edit is marked as minor (no longer in use) (minor_edit ) | false |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox language family
|name=Kiranti
|region=Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling
|ethnicity=[[Kirat]], [[Limbu people|Limbu]], [[Rai people|Rai]], etc.
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=([[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]])
|fam3=[[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti]]
|child1=''[[Limbu language|Limbu]]''
|child2=Eastern
|child3=Central
|child4=Western
}}
The '''Kiranti languages''' (also called '''Bahing–Vayu''' in the terminology of [[Tibeto-Burman_languages#Benedict_.281972.29|Benedict (1972)]]) are a major family of [[Tibeto-Burman languages]] spoken in Nepal, Sikkim and Darjeeling Hills by the [[Kirat]] people.
==Classification==
The Kiranti languages are frequently posited to form part of a [[Maha-Kiranti languages|Maha-Kiranti]] family, although specialists are not completely certain of either the existence of a Kiranti subgroup or its precise membership.<ref>Matisoff 2003, pp. 5-6; Thurgood 2003, pp. 15-16; Ebert 2003, pg. 505.</ref> LaPolla (2003), though, proposes that Kiranti may be part of a larger "[[Rung languages|Rung]]" group.
==The languages==
There are about two dozen Kiranti languages. The better known are [[Bahing language|Bahing]], [[Limbu language|Limbu]], [[Wayu language|Vayu]], [[Lohorung language|Lohorung]] and [[Kulung language|Kulung]] (Rai). Over all, they are:
;Limbu
*[[Limbu language|Limbu]] (affinities to Eastern Kiranti)
;Eastern Kiranti
*Greater Yakkha''':''' [[Yakkha language|Yakkha]], [[Phangduwali language|Phangduwali]], [[Belhare language|Belhare]], [[Athpare language|Athpare]], [[Chintang language|Chintang]], [[Chulung language|Chulung]]
*Upper Arun River''':''' [[Yamphu language|Yamphu]], [[Lohorung language|Lohorung]], [[Meohang language|Meohang]], ?[[Waling language|Waling]]
;Central Kiranti
*Khambu (Rai)''':''' [[Kulung language|Kulung]], [[Nachering language|Nachering]], [[Sampang language|Sampang]], [[Saam language|Saam]]
*Southern''':''' [[Bantawa language|Bantawa]], [[Puma language|Puma]], [[Camling language|Chamling]], [[Dungmali language|Dungmali]]
;Western Kiranti
*Midwestern''':''' [[Thulung language|Thulung]] (perhaps a primary branch of Kiranti)
*Chaurasiya''':''' [[Wambule language|Wambule]], [[Jerung language|Jerung]]
*Upper Dudhkosi River''':''' [[Khaling language|Khaling]], [[Dumi language|Dumi]], [[Kohi language|Kohi]]
*Northwestern (Sunwari)''':''' [[Bahing language|Bahing]], [[Sunuwar language|Sunuwar]], [[Wayu language|Wayu]]
Kiranti verbs are not easily segmentable, due in large part to the presence of [[portmanteau]] [[morpheme]]s, crowded [[affix]] strings, and extensive (and often nonintuitive) [[allomorph]]y.
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
* George van Driem (2001) ''Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.'' Brill.
* Bickel, Balthasar, G. Banjade, M. Gaenszle, E. Lieven, N. P. Paudyal, & I. Purna Rai et al. (2007). Free prefix ordering in Chintang. ''Language'', 83 (1), 43–73.
* [http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ucpress/ucpl James A. Matisoff: ''Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman.'' University of California Press 2003.]
* Graham Thurgood (2003) "A Subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan Languages: The Interaction between Language Contact, Change, and Inheritance," ''The Sino-Tibetan Languages''. Routledge. pp. 3–21.
* Karen H. Ebert (2003) "Kiranti Languages: An Overview," ''The Sino-Tibetan Languages''. Routledge. pp. 505–517.
[[Category:Kiranti languages|*]]
{{st-lang-stub}}
[[br:Yezhoù kirantiek]]
[[de:Kiranti-Sprachen]]
[[es:Lenguas kiranti]]
[[it:Lingue kiranti]]
[[mk:Кирантски јазици]]
[[zh:基兰特语支]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox language family
|name=Kiranti
|region=Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling
|ethnicity=[[Kirat]], [[Limbu people|Limbu]], [[Rai people|Rai]], etc.
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=([[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]])
|fam3=[[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti]]
|child1=''[[Limbu language|Limbu]]''
|child2=Eastern
|child3=Central
|child4=Western
}}
The '''Kiranti languages''' (also called '''Bahing–Vayu''' in the terminology of [[Tibeto-Burman_languages#Benedict_.281972.29|Benedict (1972)]]) are a major family of [[Tibeto-Burman languages]] spoken in Nepal, Sikkim and Darjeeling Hills by the [[Kirat]] people.
==Classification==
The Kiranti languages are frequently posited to form part of a [[Maha-Kiranti languages|Maha-Kiranti]] family, although specialists are not completely certain of either the existence of a Kiranti subgroup or its precise membership.<ref>Matisoff 2003, pp. 5-6; Thurgood 2003, pp. 15-16; Ebert 2003, pg. 505.</ref> LaPolla (2003), though, proposes that Kiranti may be part of a larger "[[Rung languages|Rung]]" group.
==The languages==
There are about two dozen Kiranti languages. The better known are [[Bahing language|Bahing]], [[Limbu language|Limbu]], [[Wayu language|Vayu]], [[Lohorung language|Lohorung]] and [[Kulung language|Kulung]] (Rai). Over all, they are:
;Limbu
*[[Limbu language|Limbu]] (affinities to Eastern Kiranti)
;Eastern Kiranti
*Greater Yakkha''':''' [[Yakkha language|Yakkha]], [[Phangduwali language|Phangduwali]], [[Belhare language|Belhare]], [[Athpare language|Athpare]], [[Chintang language|Chintang]], [[Chulung language|Chulung]]
*Upper Arun River''':''' [[Yamphu language|Yamphu]], [[Lohorung language|Lohorung]], [[Meohang language|Meohang]], ?[[Waling language|Waling]]
;Central Kiranti
*Khambu (Rai)''':''' [[Kulung language|Kulung]], [[Nachering language|Nachering]], [[Sampang language|Sampang]], [[Saam language|Saam]]
*Southern''':''' [[Bantawa language|Bantawa]], [[Puma language|Puma]], [[Camling language|Chamling]], [[Dungmali language|Dungmali]]
;Western Kiranti
*Midwestern''':''' [[Thulung language|Thulung]] (perhaps a primary branch of Kiranti)
*Chaurasiya''':''' [[Wambule language|Wambule]], [[Jerung language|Jerung]]
*Upper Dudhkosi River''':''' [[Khaling language|Khaling]], [[Dumi language|Dumi]], [[Kohi language|Kohi]]
*Northwestern (Sunwari)''':''' [[Bahing language|Bahing]], [[Sunuwar language|Sunuwar]], [[Wayu language|Wayu]]
Kiranti verbs are not easily segmentable, due in large part to the presence of [[portmanteau]] [[morpheme]]s, crowded [[affix]] strings, and extensive (and often nonintuitive) [[allomorph]]y.
machindra laksam limbu
==References==
* George van Driem (2001) ''Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.'' Brill.
* Bickel, Balthasar, G. Banjade, M. Gaenszle, E. Lieven, N. P. Paudyal, & I. Purna Rai et al. (2007). Free prefix ordering in Chintang. ''Language'', 83 (1), 43–73.
* [http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ucpress/ucpl James A. Matisoff: ''Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman.'' University of California Press 2003.]
* Graham Thurgood (2003) "A Subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan Languages: The Interaction between Language Contact, Change, and Inheritance," ''The Sino-Tibetan Languages''. Routledge. pp. 3–21.
* Karen H. Ebert (2003) "Kiranti Languages: An Overview," ''The Sino-Tibetan Languages''. Routledge. pp. 505–517.
[[Category:Kiranti languages|*]]
{{st-lang-stub}}
[[br:Yezhoù kirantiek]]
[[de:Kiranti-Sprachen]]
[[es:Lenguas kiranti]]
[[it:Lingue kiranti]]
[[mk:Кирантски јазици]]
[[zh:基兰特语支]]' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1357146758 |