Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox language family |name=Kiranti |region=Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling |ethnicity=[[Kirat]], [[Limbu people|Limbu]], [[Rai people|Rai]], etc. |familycolor=Sino-Tibetan |fam2=([[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]) |fam3=[[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti]] |child1=''[[Limbu language|Limbu]]'' |child2=Eastern |child3=Central |child4=Western }} The '''Kiranti languages''' (also called '''Bahing–Vayu''' in the terminology of [[Tibeto-Burman_languages#Benedict_.281972.29|Benedict (1972)]]) are a major family of [[Tibeto-Burman languages]] spoken in Nepal, Sikkim and Darjeeling Hills by the [[Kirat]] people. ==Classification== The Kiranti languages are frequently posited to form part of a [[Maha-Kiranti languages|Maha-Kiranti]] family, although specialists are not completely certain of either the existence of a Kiranti subgroup or its precise membership.<ref>Matisoff 2003, pp. 5-6; Thurgood 2003, pp. 15-16; Ebert 2003, pg. 505.</ref> LaPolla (2003), though, proposes that Kiranti may be part of a larger "[[Rung languages|Rung]]" group. ==The languages== There are about two dozen Kiranti languages. The better known are [[Bahing language|Bahing]], [[Limbu language|Limbu]], [[Wayu language|Vayu]], [[Lohorung language|Lohorung]] and [[Kulung language|Kulung]] (Rai). Over all, they are: ;Limbu *[[Limbu language|Limbu]] (affinities to Eastern Kiranti) ;Eastern Kiranti *Greater Yakkha''':''' [[Yakkha language|Yakkha]], [[Phangduwali language|Phangduwali]], [[Belhare language|Belhare]], [[Athpare language|Athpare]], [[Chintang language|Chintang]], [[Chulung language|Chulung]] *Upper Arun River''':''' [[Yamphu language|Yamphu]], [[Lohorung language|Lohorung]], [[Meohang language|Meohang]], ?[[Waling language|Waling]] ;Central Kiranti *Khambu (Rai)''':''' [[Kulung language|Kulung]], [[Nachering language|Nachering]], [[Sampang language|Sampang]], [[Saam language|Saam]] *Southern''':''' [[Bantawa language|Bantawa]], [[Puma language|Puma]], [[Camling language|Chamling]], [[Dungmali language|Dungmali]] ;Western Kiranti *Midwestern''':''' [[Thulung language|Thulung]] (perhaps a primary branch of Kiranti) *Chaurasiya''':''' [[Wambule language|Wambule]], [[Jerung language|Jerung]] *Upper Dudhkosi River''':''' [[Khaling language|Khaling]], [[Dumi language|Dumi]], [[Kohi language|Kohi]] *Northwestern (Sunwari)''':''' [[Bahing language|Bahing]], [[Sunuwar language|Sunuwar]], [[Wayu language|Wayu]] Kiranti verbs are not easily segmentable, due in large part to the presence of [[portmanteau]] [[morpheme]]s, crowded [[affix]] strings, and extensive (and often nonintuitive) [[allomorph]]y. machindra laksam limbu ==References== * George van Driem (2001) ''Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.'' Brill. * Bickel, Balthasar, G. Banjade, M. Gaenszle, E. Lieven, N. P. Paudyal, & I. Purna Rai et al. (2007). Free prefix ordering in Chintang. ''Language'', 83 (1), 43–73. * [http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ucpress/ucpl James A. Matisoff: ''Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman.'' University of California Press 2003.] * Graham Thurgood (2003) "A Subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan Languages: The Interaction between Language Contact, Change, and Inheritance," ''The Sino-Tibetan Languages''. Routledge. pp.&nbsp;3–21. * Karen H. Ebert (2003) "Kiranti Languages: An Overview," ''The Sino-Tibetan Languages''. Routledge. pp.&nbsp;505–517. [[Category:Kiranti languages|*]] {{st-lang-stub}} [[br:Yezhoù kirantiek]] [[de:Kiranti-Sprachen]] [[es:Lenguas kiranti]] [[it:Lingue kiranti]] [[mk:Кирантски јазици]] [[zh:基兰特语支]]'