糾

See also: 糺 and 纠

Translingual

Han character

糾 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女火女中 (VFVL), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰糹丩)

1. investigate, inspect

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27227
• Dae Jaweon: page 1342, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3362, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7CFE

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Chinese

trad.		糾
simp.		纠
alternative forms		糺／纠 𠃏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糾
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (丩) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艽	*krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
芁	*kriːw
荍	*ɡiw
叫	*kiːws
訆	*kiːws
嘂	*kiːws
收	*qʰljɯw, *qʰljɯws
糾	*kɯw, *krɯwʔ
朻	*kɯw, *krɯw, *krɯwʔ
丩	*kɯw, *krɯw
赳	*krɯw, *krɯwʔ
虬	*ɡrɯw
虯	*ɡrɯw
觓	*ɡrɯw

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiū (jiu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² / dau²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiou
    • Wade–Giles: chiu¹
    • Yale: jyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau² / dau²
    • Yale: gáu / dáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² / dau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² / deo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵/, /tɐu̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù
    • Tâi-lô: kiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu³⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 糾
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕau³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiu³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiəu³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/keu⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kiu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɐu³⁵/
	Nanning	/tɐu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiu²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kiu²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kiu⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kiu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: kjiwX

Rime
Character	糾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居黝切
Baxter	kjiwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiɪuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kieuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiwX/
Li Rong	/kiĕuX/
Wang Li	/kiəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kieuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>iwʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯw/, /*krɯwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiwX ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>iwʔ/
English	plait, unite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糾	糾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6923	6929
Phonetic component	丩	丩
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	鳩	糾
Old Chinese	/*kɯw/	/*krɯwʔ/
Notes	丩今分化字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 糾

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References

• “糾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 糾”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

糾

(Jōyō kanji)

1. twist, ask, investigate, verify

Readings

• On (unclassified): きゅう (kyū)
• Kun: あざなう (azanau), ただす (tadasu)

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Korean

Hanja

糾 • (gyu, gyo) (hangeul 규, 교, revised gyu, gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyu, kyo, Yale kyu, kyo)

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Vietnamese

Han character

糾: Hán Việt readings: củ

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References

• Nom Foundation