View source for 艾

{{also|𦫿}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=140|rad=艸|as=02|sn=5|four=44400|canj=TK,XTK|ids=⿱艹乂}}

====Derived characters====
* [[哎]] [[餀]] [[鴱]]

====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=1017.090|dkj=30648|dj=1475.140|hdz=53172.090|uh=827E|ud=33406|bh=A6E3|bd=42723}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|艸|乂|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p|t1=grass}}.

===Etymology 1===

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=ài
|c=ngaai6
|h=pfs=ngie;gd=nê4/ngê4/ngai4
|h_note=Meixian: nê4 - vernacular; ngai4 - literary
|j=ghai3
|md=ngié/ngái
|md_note=ngié - vernacular; ngái - literary
|mn=hiāⁿ/gāi/xm,zz,tw:ngāi
|mn_note=hiāⁿ - vernacular; gāi/ngāi - literary; ài - limited
|mn-t=hian7/ngai6
|mn-t_note=hian7 - vernacular; ngai6 - literary
|w=sh:6nge
|mc=1
|oc=1
|ma=y
|cat=n,v,pn
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[mugwort]], especially [[Chinese mugwort]] {{gloss|{{taxlink|Artemisia argyi|species}}}}
#* {{zh-x|彼 采 艾 兮。一日 不見、如 三-歲 兮。|There that one is gathering the '''mugwort'''! A day without seeing that one, is like three years!|ref=Shijing}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[green]]
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[pale]]; [[greyish]] [[white]]
#* {{zh-x|五十 曰 艾，服 官-政。|When he is fifty, we say, 'He is getting '''grey''';' he can discharge all the duties of an officer.|ref=Liji}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[elderly]] person
#* {{zh-x|^凡 童-少 鑒 淺 而 志 盛，長-艾 識 堅 而 氣 衰。|Ordinarily, the youths are shallow-minded yet strong-willed; the '''elderly''' are firm in wisdom and dwindling in spirit.|ref='''6th century''' Liu Xie 劉勰, 《文心雕龍》''The Mind of Literature and Carved Dragons''}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} to [[end]]; to [[stop]]
#: {{zh-x|方興{xīnɡ}未艾|to be in the ascendant}}
#* {{zh-x|夜 如何 其{jī}、夜 未 艾。|How goes the night? The night has not yet '''ended'''.|ref=Shijing}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[beautiful]] [[lady]]
#* {{zh-x|知 好色，則 慕 少-艾；|When he becomes conscious of the attractions of beauty, his desire is towards young and '''beautiful women'''.|ref=Mengzi}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} to [[nurture]]; to [[foster]]
#* {{zh-x|樂 只 君子、保-艾 爾 後。|To be rejoiced in are ye, gentlemen; May ye preserve and '''maintain''' your posterity!|ref=Shijing}}
#* {{zh-x|君子 萬年、福祿 艾 之。|May our sovereign live for ten thousand years, '''sustained''' in his happiness and wealth!|ref=Shijing}}
# {{lb|zh|historical}} an ancient place in modern-day {{w|Xiushui County}}, [[Jiangxi]]
# {{lb|zh|historical}} a mountain in modern-day {{w|Xintai}}, [[Shandong]]
# {{surname|zh}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|mugwort}} {{zh-l|艾草}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|千年艾|三年艾|將艾|少艾|悔艾|奇龐福艾|幼艾|期艾|沛艾|班艾島|方興未艾|未艾|白艾|未艾方興|灼艾分痛|期期艾艾|蘭艾同燼|鄧艾吃|艾氣|艾老|蓄艾|蘄艾|蘭艾俱焚|耄艾|耆艾|艾炷|艾窩窩|銀艾|艾草|艾子|艾美獎|艾火|蘭艾|艾虎|艾人|蘭芷蕭艾|艾豭|艾略特|蘭艾同焚|艾納香|蕭艾|艾絨|蒲艾|艾艾|艾服|芝艾俱焚|艾家|艾薩克|巴格艾日克|英艾日克|罕艾日克|艾力西湖|艾古斯|艾西曼}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{zh-l|*愛}}. See {{zh-l|*愛滋病}} for more.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=ài
|c=ngaai6
|mn=ml:ài
|mn-t=ain3
|dial=n
|ma=y
|cat=
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{zh-only|艾滋病}}

===Etymology 3===

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=yì
|c=ngaai6
|mn-t=ngai6
|w=sh:6gni
|mc=2
|oc=n,2
|dial=n
|ma=y
|cat=v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{†}} {{alt form|zh|刈|t=to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle}}
#* {{zh-x|命 我 眾人、庤 乃 錢{jiǎn} 鎛、奄 觀 銍 艾。|Order all our men, to be provided with their spuds and hoes; anon we shall see the sickles at '''mowing'''.|ref=Shijing}}
# {{†}} {{alt form|zh|乂|t=to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish}}
#* {{zh-x|孟子 曰：「君子 之 所 以 教 者 五：有 如 時雨 化 之 者，有 成 德 者，有 達 財 者，有 答 問 者，有 私 淑 艾{yì} 者。此 五 者，君子 之 所以 教 也。」|Mencius said, 'There are five ways in which the superior man effects his teaching. There are some on whom his influence descends like seasonable rain. There are some whose virtue he perfects, and some of whose talents he assists the development. There are some whose inquiries he answers. There are some who privately cultivate and '''correct''' themselves. These five ways are the methods in which the superior man effects his teaching.'|ref=Mengzi}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|怨艾|自怨自艾|銍艾|艾如張|艾安}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

{{C|zh|Artemisias}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=艸02}}

# [[artemisia]]; [[mugwort]], [[sagebrush]], [[wormwood]]

====Readings====
From {{der|ja|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|艾|id=1}}; compare {{cog|cmn|艾|tr=ài}}:
{{ja-readings
|goon=がい
|kanon=がい
}}
From {{der|ja|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|艾|id=2}}; compare {{cog|cmn|艾|tr=yì}}:
{{ja-readings
|goon=げ
|kanon=がい
}}
From native {{w|Japanese_language|Japanese}} roots:
{{ja-readings
|kun=か-る, もぐさ-, よもぎ-
}}

====Compounds====
{{col3-u|ja
|{{ja-r|艾%安|がい%あん}}
|{{ja-r|艾%耆|がい%き}}
|{{ja-r|艾%虎|がい%こ}}
|{{ja-r|艾%蒿|がい%こう}}
|{{ja-r|艾%康|がい%こう}}
|{{ja-r|艾%殺|がい%ざつ}}
|{{ja-r|艾%人|がい%じん}}
|{{ja-r|艾%年|がい%ねん}}
|{{ja-r|艾%髪|がい%はつ}}: the [[hair]] of an [[old]] [[person]], an [[old]] [[person]]
|{{ja-r|艾%葉|がい%よう}}
|{{ja-r|艾%老|がい%ろう}}
|{{ja-r|苦%艾|く%がい}}
|{{ja-r|少%艾|しょう%がい}}
|{{ja-r|沛%艾|はい%がい}}
|{{ja-r|蓬%艾|ほう%がい}}
|{{ja-r|保%艾|ほ%がい}}
}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|よもぎ|yomi=k|alt=蓬}}
{{swp|lang=ja|ヨモギ}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|よもぎ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|よもぎ}}

# [[mugwort]], {{taxlink|Artemisia princeps|species}}
#: {{syn|ja|艾|tr=mogusa|餅草|tr2=mochi-gusa|灸草|tr3=yaito-gusa|延命草|tr4=enmei-sō}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{top2}}
* {{ja-r|男%艾|おとこ%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|唐%艾|から%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|河%原%艾|かわ%ら%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|シナ艾|シナよもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|白%艾|しろ%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|苦%艾|にが%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|引%艾|ひき%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|姫%昔%艾|ひめ%むかし%よもぎ}}
* {{ja-r|壬%生%艾|み%ぶ%よもぎ}}
{{bottom}}

=====See also=====
* {{ja-r|艾葉|がいよう}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|もぐさ|yomi=k}}
{{swp|lang=ja|もぐさ}}

Possibly From {{ja-compound|燃ゆ|もゆ|t1=to burn|草|くさ|t2=grass}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|もぐさ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=3|acc2_ref=NHK}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|もぐさ}}

# {{syn of|ja|艾|tr=yomogi|t=[[mugwort]]}}
# [[moxibustion]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{top2}}
* {{ja-r|伊%吹%艾|い%ぶき%もぐさ}}
* {{ja-r|切り艾|きりもぐさ}}
* {{ja-r|薬%艾|くすり%もぐさ}}
* {{ja-r|挿%艾|さし%もぐさ}}
* {{ja-r|艾%縞|もぐさ%じま}}
* {{ja-r|山%艾|やま%もぐさ}}
{{bottom}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|en|moxa|moxibustion}}

===References===
<references/>

{{C|ja|Artemisias}}

==Korean==

===Etymology 1===
From {{der|ko|ltc|sort=애|-}} {{ltc-l|艾|id=1}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ko-hanja-pron|애}}

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|쑥|애}}

# [[moxa]], [[mugwort]]

=====Compounds=====
{{col2-u|ko
|{{ko-l|艾猳|애가}}
|{{ko-l|艾芥|애개}}
|{{ko-l|艾糕|애고}}
|{{ko-l|艾膏|애고}}
|{{ko-l|艾菊菜|애국채}}
|{{ko-l|艾年|애년}}
|{{ko-l|艾老|애로}}
|{{ko-l|艾幕|애막}}
|{{ko-l|艾餠|애병}}
|{{ko-l|艾服|애복}}
|{{ko-l|艾石|애석}}
|{{ko-l|艾艾|애애}}
|{{ko-l|艾葉|애엽}}
|{{ko-l|艾俑|애용}}
|{{ko-l|艾人|애인}}
|{{ko-l|艾田|애전}}
|{{ko-l|艾草|애초}}
|{{ko-l|艾湯|애탕}}
|{{ko-l|艾軒|애헌}}
|{{ko-l|艾蒿|애호}}
|{{ko-l|艾虎|애호}}
|{{ko-l|艾花|애화}}
|{{ko-l|江艾|강애}}
|{{ko-l|耆艾|기애}}
|{{ko-l|蘭艾|난애}}
|{{ko-l|蘭艾同焚|난애동분}}
|{{ko-l|炟艾|달애}}
|{{ko-l|怛艾|달애}}
|{{ko-l|蓬艾|봉애}}
|{{ko-l|少艾|소애}}
|{{ko-l|實艾|실애}}
|{{ko-l|藥艾|약애}}
|{{ko-l|自怨自艾|자원자애}}
|{{ko-l|陳艾|진애}}
|{{ko-l|針艾|침애}}
|{{ko-l|鍼艾|침애}}
|{{ko-l|海艾|해애}}
}}

=====See also=====
* {{ko-l|灸|구}} [[moxibustion]]

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|ko|ltc|sort=예|-}} {{ltc-l|艾|id=2}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ko-hanja-pron|예}}

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|다스리다|다스릴|예}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=예}}

=====Compounds=====
* {{ko-l|艾康|예강}}
* {{ko-l|艾安|예안}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|10102}}
* {{R:zonmal|33406}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=ngải, nghệ, nghễ|rs=艸02}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=艸02}}