Appendix:Faroese conjugation: difference between revisions
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There are {{PAGESINCAT:Faroese verb inflection-table templates}} templates in the [[:Category:Faroese verb inflection-table templates]], so there is many verb conjugation types. This is the list for Faroese verb inflection/conjugation types, including irregular verbs. |
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==Regular |
==Regular groups== |
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*Infinitives always ends in ''-a''. |
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*Note: Infinitives are in {{m|fo|-a}}, unless noted. When both past tense and past participle in -d-, the stem are ending in voiced consonants, while in -t- are ending in unvoiced consonants. Unless noted, usually only past tenses, past participles and supine having ablaut variation. |
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*In weak verbs, there are 4 conjugation classes (not including templates in v-) which distinguished by 2nd and 3rd singular present endings (except in class 4, 2nd singular only): |
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# ''-ar'' verbs |
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# ''-ur'' verbs |
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# ''-ir'' verbs |
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# ''-rt'' verbs |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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! |
!Groups (with templates) |
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!Description |
!Description |
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|- |
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!colspan=2|Weak verbs |
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|- |
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|colspan=2|Any verbs with past with dental suffix (like ''-d-'', ''-ð-'', ''-t-'', ''-að-'', and others.), including weak verbs with local ablauts. |
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|- |
|- |
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!{{anchor|v-1}}[[Template:fo-conj-1|v-1]] |
!{{anchor|v-1}}[[Template:fo-conj-1|v-1]] |
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!{{anchor|v-2}}[[Template:fo-conj-2|v-2]] |
!{{anchor|v-2}}[[Template:fo-conj-2|v-2]] |
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|Same as type [[#v-1|v-1]], but past are devoiced to -t-. |
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|Past in -t-. |
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|- |
|- |
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!{{anchor|v-3}}[[Template:fo-conj-3|v-3]] |
!{{anchor|v-3}}[[Template:fo-conj-3|v-3]] |
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|Stem in diphthong or vowel + -ð-, |
|Stem in diphthong or vowel + -ð-, past with doubled consonant (-dd-) and supine in -tt. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-4}}[[Template:fo-conj-4|v-4]] |
!{{anchor|v-4}}[[Template:fo-conj-4|v-4]] |
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|Stem in vowel. |
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|Stem in -ø, inflections are same as type [[#v-3|v-3]]. |
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!{{anchor|v-5}}[[Template:fo-conj-5|v-5]] |
!{{anchor|v-5}}[[Template:fo-conj-5|v-5]] |
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!{{anchor|v-9}}[[Template:fo-conj-9|v-9]] |
!{{anchor|v-9}}[[Template:fo-conj-9|v-9]] |
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|Same as type [[#v-8|v-8]], but past |
|Same as type [[#v-8|v-8]], but past are devoiced to -t-. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-10}}[[Template:fo-conj-10|v-10]] |
!{{anchor|v-10}}[[Template:fo-conj-10|v-10]] |
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!{{anchor|v-11}}[[Template:fo-conj-11|v-11]] |
!{{anchor|v-11}}[[Template:fo-conj-11|v-11]] |
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|Same as type [[#v-10|v-10]], but past |
|Same as type [[#v-10|v-10]], but past are devoiced to -t-. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-12}}[[Template:fo-conj-12|v-12]] |
!{{anchor|v-12}}[[Template:fo-conj-12|v-12]] |
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!{{anchor|v-15}}[[Template:fo-conj-15|v-15]] |
!{{anchor|v-15}}[[Template:fo-conj-15|v-15]] |
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|Same as type [[#v-14|v-14]], but past |
|Same as type [[#v-14|v-14]], but past are devoiced to -t-. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-16}}[[Template:fo-conj-16|v-16]] |
!{{anchor|v-16}}[[Template:fo-conj-16|v-16]] |
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!{{anchor|v-18}}[[Template:fo-conj-18|v-18]] |
!{{anchor|v-18}}[[Template:fo-conj-18|v-18]] |
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|Infinitive in -ja, with stem ending in consonants other than -g- and -k-, with -e- → -a- ablaut variations.<br>{{m|fo|vekja|Vekja}} are sometimes inflected with this type. |
|Infinitive in -ja, with stem ending in consonants other than velars (-g- and -k-), with -e- → -a- ablaut variations.<br>{{m|fo|vekja|Vekja}} are sometimes inflected with this type. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-19}}[[Template:fo-conj-19|v-19]] |
!{{anchor|v-19}}[[Template:fo-conj-19|v-19]] |
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!{{anchor|v-23}}[[Template:fo-conj-23|v-23]] |
!{{anchor|v-23}}[[Template:fo-conj-23|v-23]] |
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|Same as [[#v-17|v-17]], with -y- → -u- |
|Same as [[#v-17|v-17]], with -y- → -u- ablaut variations. |
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!{{anchor|v-24}}[[Template:fo-conj-24|v-24]] |
!{{anchor|v-24}}[[Template:fo-conj-24|v-24]] |
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!{{anchor|v-25}}[[Template:fo-conj-25|v-25]] |
!{{anchor|v-25}}[[Template:fo-conj-25|v-25]] |
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|Same as [[#v-1|v-1]], but past participle, supine and singular imperative are in -aður, -að, and -a, respectively. |
|Same as [[#v-1|v-1]], but past participle, supine and singular imperative are in -aður, -að, and -a, respectively. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-27}}[[Template:fo-conj-27|v-27]] |
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|Stem ending in -á-. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-29}}[[Template:fo-conj-29|v-29]] |
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|Same as [[#v-2|v-2]], but past participle, 2nd and 3rd person present and singular imperative are in -að, -ar, and -a, respectively. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-30}}[[Template:fo-conj-30|v-30]] |
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|Past in -að-.<br>More commonly used in entries than type [[#v-1|v-1]]. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-31}}[[Template:fo-conj-31|v-31]] |
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|Past with shift from C¹VC² to C¹jVC² (C¹ are ⟨g⟩). |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-32}}[[Template:fo-conj-32|v-32]] |
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|Stem ending in two different consonants, elided in past from *-C¹C²ð- to -ð-, with -ú- → -ý- ablaut variations in singular present tenses. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-33}}[[Template:fo-conj-33|v-33]] |
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|Same as [[#v-32|v-32]], but with -ó- → -ø- ablaut variations in singular present tenses. |
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!{{anchor|v-34}}[[Template:fo-conj-34|v-34]] |
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|Infinitive in -ggja, present and past elided to -r and -ð-, respectively. |
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|- |
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!colspan=2|Strong verbs |
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|- |
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|colspan=2|Any verbs without dental suffixes, of which only consists of ablauts to distinguish some tenses. |
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!{{anchor|v-35}}[[Template:fo-conj-35|v-35]] |
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|[[#cl1|Class 1]] ablaut variation. |
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!{{anchor|v-36}}[[Template:fo-conj-36|v-36]] |
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|Same as type [[#v-35|v-35]], but stem in -Cj (-C- are velars), later simplified to -C in supine, past participle, singular present and past tenses. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-37}}[[Template:fo-conj-37|v-37]] |
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|[[#cl2|Class 2]] ablaut variations. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-38}}[[Template:fo-conj-38|v-38]] |
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|Same as [[#v-37|v-37]], but it is applied to verbs in CCjV- → CCV- (-CC- in velars) before -ey- ablauts. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-39}}[[Template:fo-conj-39|v-39]] |
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|Same as [[#v-38|v-38]], but -CC- consists of consonants other than velars. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-40}}[[Template:fo-conj-40|v-40]] |
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|Same as [[#v-37|v-37]], but with -ú- in infinitive and plural present. |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|v-41}}[[Template:fo-conj-41|v-41]] |
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|Same as [[#v-40|v-40]], with infinitive in -va. |
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|} |
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==Ablaut classes== |
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Faroese strong verbs exhibits these ablaut classes. Any unlisted ablauts is listed [[#Regular types|above]], usually the past tenses being ablauted. |
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{|class=wikitable |
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!Ablaut class |
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!Infinitive/1sg present |
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!2sg/3sg present |
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!Past |
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!Plural present |
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!Plural past |
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!Supine |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|cl1}}1 |
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|colspan=2| -í- |
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| -ei- |
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| -í- |
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|colspan=2| -i- |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|cl2}}2 |
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| -ó-/-u- |
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| -ý- |
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| -ey- |
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| -ó- |
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| -u- |
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| -o- |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|cl3}}3 |
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|colspan=2| -e-/-i-/-ø- |
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| -a- |
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| -i- |
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| -u- |
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| -o-/-u- |
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|- |
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!rowspan=2|{{anchor|cl4}}4 |
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| -e-/-o- |
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| -e- |
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| -a- |
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| -ó- |
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|colspan=2| -o- |
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|- |
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| -o- |
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| -e- |
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|colspan=4| -o- |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|cl5}}5 |
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|colspan=2| -i- |
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| -á- |
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| -i- |
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| -ó- |
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| -i- |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|cl6}}6 |
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| -a- |
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| -e- |
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| -ó- |
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| -a- |
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| -ó- |
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| -a- |
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|- |
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!{{anchor|cl7}}7 |
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| -á- |
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| -æ- |
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| -e- |
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| -á- |
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|colspan=2| -i- |
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|} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*{{tl|fo-conj}} |
*{{tl|fo-conj}} |
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*[[:Category:Faroese verb inflection-table templates]] |
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[[Category:Faroese appendices]] |
[[Category:Faroese appendices]] |
Latest revision as of 04:09, 3 May 2021
There are 127 templates in the Category:Faroese verb inflection-table templates, so there is many verb conjugation types. This is the list for Faroese verb inflection/conjugation types, including irregular verbs.
Regular groups
[edit]- Infinitives always ends in -a.
- In weak verbs, there are 4 conjugation classes (not including templates in v-) which distinguished by 2nd and 3rd singular present endings (except in class 4, 2nd singular only):
- -ar verbs
- -ur verbs
- -ir verbs
- -rt verbs
Groups (with templates) | Description |
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Weak verbs | |
Any verbs with past with dental suffix (like -d-, -ð-, -t-, -að-, and others.), including weak verbs with local ablauts. | |
v-1 | Past in -d-. |
v-2 | Same as type v-1, but past are devoiced to -t-. |
v-3 | Stem in diphthong or vowel + -ð-, past with doubled consonant (-dd-) and supine in -tt. |
v-4 | Stem in vowel. |
v-5 | Infinitive in -da, past changed from *-dd- to -d-. |
v-6 | Infinitive in consonant + -ða, past in -d-. Not to be confused with type v-3. |
v-7 | Stem in two different consonants (-Ct-), past tense and supine elided. |
v-8 | Stem in double consonants (-CC-), later simplified to -C- in past and supine. |
v-9 | Same as type v-8, but past are devoiced to -t-. |
v-10 | Infinitive in -gja, -Cj- (⟨j⟩ pronounced "y") are simplified to -C- when preceding consonants, front vowels and in end of a word. |
v-11 | Same as type v-10, but past are devoiced to -t-. |
v-12 | Infinitive in -CCja, -CCj- (C are in ⟨g⟩) are simplified to -CC- (preceding front vowels), later -C- (preceding consonants). |
v-13 | Same as type v-12, but the -C- are in unvoiced consonants. |
v-14 | Same as type v-12, with -ei- → -o- ablaut variations. |
v-15 | Same as type v-14, but past are devoiced to -t-. |
v-16 | Same as v-11, with -e- → -a- ablaut variations. |
v-17 | Infinitive in -rja, with -e- → -a- ablaut variations. |
v-18 | Infinitive in -ja, with stem ending in consonants other than velars (-g- and -k-), with -e- → -a- ablaut variations. Vekja are sometimes inflected with this type. |
v-19 | Same as type v-18, with -y- → -u- ablaut variations. |
v-20 | Same as type v-12, but somewhat distinct from type v-12. Singular past tense are in -ð-, with -e- → -a- (past participle and supine) → -ø- (plural past tenses) ablaut variations. |
v-21 | Same as v-18, but without ablauts. |
v-23 | Same as v-17, with -y- → -u- ablaut variations. |
v-24 | Same as v-23, but past tense are devoiced to -t-. |
v-25 | Same as v-1, but past participle, supine and singular imperative are in -aður, -að, and -a, respectively. |
v-27 | Stem ending in -á-. |
v-29 | Same as v-2, but past participle, 2nd and 3rd person present and singular imperative are in -að, -ar, and -a, respectively. |
v-30 | Past in -að-. More commonly used in entries than type v-1. |
v-31 | Past with shift from C¹VC² to C¹jVC² (C¹ are ⟨g⟩). |
v-32 | Stem ending in two different consonants, elided in past from *-C¹C²ð- to -ð-, with -ú- → -ý- ablaut variations in singular present tenses. |
v-33 | Same as v-32, but with -ó- → -ø- ablaut variations in singular present tenses. |
v-34 | Infinitive in -ggja, present and past elided to -r and -ð-, respectively. |
Strong verbs | |
Any verbs without dental suffixes, of which only consists of ablauts to distinguish some tenses. | |
v-35 | Class 1 ablaut variation. |
v-36 | Same as type v-35, but stem in -Cj (-C- are velars), later simplified to -C in supine, past participle, singular present and past tenses. |
v-37 | Class 2 ablaut variations. |
v-38 | Same as v-37, but it is applied to verbs in CCjV- → CCV- (-CC- in velars) before -ey- ablauts. |
v-39 | Same as v-38, but -CC- consists of consonants other than velars. |
v-40 | Same as v-37, but with -ú- in infinitive and plural present. |
v-41 | Same as v-40, with infinitive in -va. |
Ablaut classes
[edit]Faroese strong verbs exhibits these ablaut classes. Any unlisted ablauts is listed above, usually the past tenses being ablauted.
Ablaut class | Infinitive/1sg present | 2sg/3sg present | Past | Plural present | Plural past | Supine |
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1 | -í- | -ei- | -í- | -i- | ||
2 | -ó-/-u- | -ý- | -ey- | -ó- | -u- | -o- |
3 | -e-/-i-/-ø- | -a- | -i- | -u- | -o-/-u- | |
4 | -e-/-o- | -e- | -a- | -ó- | -o- | |
-o- | -e- | -o- | ||||
5 | -i- | -á- | -i- | -ó- | -i- | |
6 | -a- | -e- | -ó- | -a- | -ó- | -a- |
7 | -á- | -æ- | -e- | -á- | -i- |