View source for bate

{{also|Bate|baté|bâté|bâte|bäte}}
==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/beɪt/}}
* {{audio|en|En-au-bate.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪt|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|bait}}

===Etymology 1===
{{etymid|en|to abate}}
{{inh+|en|enm|baten|id=to abate|t=to abate}}, an {{aphetic form|enm|abaten|nocap=1|nocat=1}}.

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[reduce]] the [[force]] of something; to [[abate]].
#* {{RQ:Dryden Metamorphoses|book=I|section=The Transformation of Daphne into a Laurel|page=23|passage=Ah, left ſome Thorn ſhoul'd pierce thy tender Foot, / Or thou ſhoul'dſt fall in flying my purſuit! / To ſharp uneven Ways thy ſteps decline; / Abate thy Speed, and I will '''bate''' of mine.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[restrain]], usually with the sense of being in [[anticipation]]
#* {{RQ:Eliot Adam Bede|volume=I|page=66|passage={{...|If a new building had fallen down and he had been told that this was a divine judgment, he would have said, “May be; but the bearing o' the roof and walls wasn't right, else it wouldn't ha' come down”; yet he believed in dreams and prognostics,}} and to his dying day he '''bated''' his breath a little when he told the story of the stroke with the willow wand.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|sometimes|figuratively}} To [[cut off]], [[remove]], [[take away]].
#* {{RQ:Pliny Holland Historie of the World|1|XVII|chapter=CHAP. XVIII. The manner of planting, ordering, and dressing Olive trees. Also which be the conuenient times for graffing|521|Also about Autumne '''bate''' the earth from about the roots of Olives, and lay them bare, but in stead thereof put good mucke thereto.}}
#* {{RQ:Allestree Tongue|chapter=Of Positiveness|page=197|passage=Nay, if he be of a proud humour, {{...}} he will not '''Bate''' an Ace of abſolute certainty, but however doubtful or improbable the thing is, coming f[r]om him it muſt go for an indiſputable truth.}}
# {{lb|en|archaic|transitive}} To [[leave out]], [[except]], [[bar]].
#* {{RQ:Beaumont Fletcher Comedies and Tragedies|folio=2nd|title=The Maid's Tragedy|act=I|scene=i|page=2|column=2|passage='''Bate''' the King, and be he fleſh and blood, / He lyes that ſaies it, thy mother at fifteen / Was black and ſinful to her.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Tempest|act=II|scene=i|page=7|column=1|passage='''Bate''' (I beſeech you) widdow ''Dido''.}}
# To [[waste away]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 4-1 Q1|act=III|scene=iii|page=57|passage=''Bardoll'', am I not falne away vilely ſince this laſt action? do I not '''bate'''? do I not dwindle? Why, my skinne hangs about me like an old Ladies looſe gowne.}}
# To [[deprive]] of.
#* {{RQ:Herbert Complete Works|volume=I|chapter=The Church Porch|page=20|passage=When baseness is exalted, do not '''bate''' / The place its honour for the person's sake; {{...}}}}
# To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or reducing; to [[abate]]; to beat down; to lower.
#* {{RQ:Locke Value|page=113|passage=[W]hen the Landholder's Rent falls, he muſt either '''bate''' the Labourer's Wages, or not imploy, or not pay him; which either way makes him feel the want of Money.}}
# To allow by way of abatement or deduction.
#* {{RQ:Milton Eikonoklastes|chapter=Vpon His Penitentiall Meditations and Vowes at ''Holmby''|pages=202–203|pageref=202|passage=Theſe are the conditions of his treating with God, to whom he '''bates''' nothing or what he ſtood upon with the Parlament: as if Commiſſions of Array could deale with him alſo.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|with bated breath}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to reduce the force of something}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|намалявам}}, {{t+|bg|отслабвам}}, {{t+|bg|притъпявам}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|snížit|pf}}, {{t|cs|zmírnit|pf}}, {{t+|cs|zmenšit|pf}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|heikentää}}, {{t+|fi|hillitä}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|убавля́ть|n}}, {{t+|ru|уменьша́ть|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to restrain}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pidättää}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to cut off, remove, take away}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|poistaa}}, {{t|fi|[[ottaa]] [[pois]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|archaic: to leave out, except, bar}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[jättää]] [[pois]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====References====
* {{cite-book|en|year=1897|title=Universal Dictionary of the English Language|editors=Robert Hunter; Charles Morris|volume=1|page=459}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|to contend}}
* Noun: From the verb, or directly from the noun {{m|en|debate}}.
* Verb: From {{inh|en|enm|bate||contention}}, from {{der|en|fro|batre}} ({{cog|fr|battre}}), from {{der|en|la|batto|battere}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|-}}

# [[strife|Strife]]; [[contention]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 4-2|page=84|scene=iv|act=II|passage={{...}} and weares his Boot very ſmooth, like vnto the Signe of the Legge; and breedes no '''bate''' with telling of diſcreete stories:}}
#* {{RQ:R. F. Burton Arabian Nights|passage=So the strife redoubled and the weapons together clashed and ceased not '''bate''' and debate and naught was to be seen but blood flowing and necks bowing; {{...}}}}
#* {{RQ:Wells New Machiavelli|passage=The other merely needs jealousy and '''bate''', of which there are great and easily accessible reservoirs in every human heart.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|en|bateful|bateless|breedbate|makebate}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|strife, contention}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kiista}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To [[contend]] or [[strive]] with [[blow]]s or [[argument]]s.
# {{lb|en|intransitive|falconry}} Of a falcon: To [[flap]] the [[wing]]s [[vigorously]]; to [[bait]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1486|author=Juliana Berners|title=Book of Saint Albans|passage=The fiꝛſt is holde faſt at all timys, and ſpecially whan ſhe '''batith'''. It is calde batyng, for ſhe '''batith''' with hiꝛ ſelfe moſt oftyn cauſeles[.]}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1600|author=w:Francis Bacon|title=letter to Queen Elizabeth, upon the sending of a new-year's gift
|passage=I am like a hawk , that '''bates''' , when I see occasion of service , but cannot fly because I am tied to another's fist}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to contend, strive with blows or arguments}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kiistellä}}, {{t+|fi|väitellä}} {{qualifier|arguments}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|in falconry of a falcon: to flap the wings vigorously}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|räpytellä}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{sense|to contend or strive with blows or arguments}} {{l|en|bait}}.

===Etymology 3===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|sv|beta||[[maceration]], tanning}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# An [[alkaline]] [[lye]] which neutralizes the effect of the previous application of [[lime]], and makes [[hide]]s supple in the process of [[tanning]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1888|journal=Popular Science|volume=34|issue=10|page=287
|passage=The process of unliming hides and skins in tanning has been a slow and disgusting one, consisting in soaking the skins in a bath of manure in water, called '''bate'''.}}
# A [[vat]] which contains this liquid.

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|an alkaline lye}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|peittausaine}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|a vat which contains this liquid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sammio}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[soak]] [[leather]] so as to remove [[chemical]]s used in [[tanning]]; to [[steep]] in bate.

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to soak leather}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|vydělávat (kůži)|impf}}, {{t+|cs|mořit|impf}}, {{t|cs|máčet|impf}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|peitata}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|bejcować|impf}}, {{t|pl|zabejcować|pf}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====References====
* {{cite-book|en|year=1897|title=Universal Dictionary of the English Language|editors=Robert Hunter; Charles Morris|volume=1|page=459}}

===Etymology 4===
Formed by analogy with {{m|en|eat}} → {{m|en|ate}} or {{w|Germanic_strong_verb#Classes_1_to_6|other Class 5 strong verbs}} (compare {{m|en|gave}}, obsolete {{m|en|spake}}, etc.), with which it shares an analogous past participle ({{m|en|eaten}} → {{m|en|beaten}}).

====Verb====
{{head|en|verb form}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete|or|nonstandard}} {{infl of|en|beat||spast}}; = {{m|en|beat}}.
#* {{RQ:Fielding Tom Jones|volume=IV|page=13|passage=Fitzpatrick, now perceiving {{...}} that he had made a very unfortunate mistake, began to ask many pardons of the lady; and then, turning to Jones, he said, “I would have you take notice I do not ask your pardon, for you have '''bate''' me; for which I am resolved to have your blood in the morning.”}}
#* {{quote-av|en|date=October 20, 2008|writers=w:Lee Aronsohn; David Goetsch; Steven Molaro; w:Bill Prady|title=w:The Big Bang Theory|publisher=[[w:Chuck Lorre|Chuck Lorre Productions]]|network=w:Warner Bros. Television; w:CBS|season=2|number=5|episode=The Euclid Alternative|passage=Leonard: Penny’s taking you to the DMV; I’m going to bed.<br/>Sheldon: Why Penny?<br/>Leonard: Because rock '''bate''' scissors. Goodnight.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|simple past of ''beat''|beat}}

===Etymology 5===

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|intransitive|slang}} {{clipping of|en|masturbate}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|masturbate}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=abet|Beta|Teba|abet|beat|beta}}

{{c|en|Hides|Masturbation}}

==Asturian==

===Noun===
{{ast-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|bat}} {{gloss|club}}

==Crow==

===Alternative forms===
* ''[[boté]]'' / ''[[baté]]'' / ''[[badé]]''

===Noun===
{{head|cro|noun}}

# male-bodied person who dresses and lives as a woman

===See also===
* {{m|en|two-spirit}}
* [[bacheé]], [[bía]]<!--other genders-->

===References===
{{rel-top|references}}
* ''Integration of Crow Indian Culture'', in ''Cultural Anthropology'', page 11: The aggressive vigor and virility of man, in the Crow view, stood in profound opposition to the passivity and weakness of woman. Young men who failed the test of the war raid had "nothing to say or do in any public business whatever" but had to endure biting obscenities which linked their personalities to the flaccid qualities of woman. The bate, male transvestites, were no exception. Bate were "crazy" people with whom one could have some fun, a sexual escapade perhaps, and they might be married because they excelled women in butchering, tanning, and other domestic tasks. But they never were honored, and when a bate raised a gun against the enemy, the Crow remembered it as a signal event.
* Sabine Lang, ''Men as Women, Women as Men'' {{ISBN|0292777957}}, 2010): <br>&nbsp;Page 117: The attempt of an Indian agent on the Crow Reservation around the turn of the century to induce Osh-Tisch, one of the three surviving ''bate'', to put on men's clothing was unsuccessful (Williams 1986b:179). The other Crows protested, "saying it was against his {{SIC}} nature". <br>&nbsp;Page 187: Apart from enduring relationships, intercourse with women has sometimes been represented as being possible for [...] the Crow ''bate''.
* Walter L. Williams, ''The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture'':
*: Joe Medicine Crow, an elder in the Baptist church on the Montana reservation of the Crows, is also keeper of the tribal history among traditionalists. He [....] explained the incident with the BIA agents: "One agent in the late 1890s was named Briskow [...] He tried to interfere with Osh-Tisch, who was the most respected ''bade''. The agent incarcerated the ''bades'', cut off their hair, made them wear men's clothing. He forced the to do manual labor, planting these trees that you see here on the BIA grounds. The people were so upset with this that Chief Pretty Eagle came into Crow Agency, and told Briskow to leave the reservation. It was a tragedy, trying to change them. Briskow was crazy." Considering how little power Indians had on their reservations at the beginning of the century, the strength of the Crows' protest, forcing the agent to resign, is remarkable.
{{rel-bottom}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-bate.ogg}}

===Verb===
{{head|nl|verb form}}

# {{infl of|nl|baten||s|pres|sub}}

===Noun===
{{head|nl|noun case form}}

# {{infl of|nl|baat|p=noun||dat|s}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|beat}}

==Fingallian==

===Etymology===
Cognate with {{cog|en|beat||patrolled route}}.

===Noun===
{{head|gmw-fin|noun}}

# [[direction]], [[course]], [[track]]
#* ''A NORTH-COUNTY DUBLIN CLOSSARY'':
#*: ''What bate are you on now'' = where are you going and why ? ''The dog is on some bate'' = is finding or following a scent. 

===References===
* {{R:O'Neill 1947|page=264}}

==Galician==

===Verb===
{{head|gl|verb form}}

# {{gl-verb form of|bater}}

==Garo==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|grt|bati}}

===Etymology===
{{rfe|grt}}

===Postposition===
{{head|grt|postposition}}

# {{qualifier|follows [[dative case]] [[-na]]}} [[more]] [[than]]
#: {{ux|grt|[[angna]] '''bate''' [[dal·a]]|bigger than me}}

==Gonja==

===Etymology===
{{cog|acd|bangadɛ}}, {{cog|ncu|bɔŋko̱rɔŋ}}.

===Noun===
{{head|gjn|noun|plural|abate}}

# [[civet]]
#: {{syn|gjn|jaba}}

{{c|gjn|Mammals}}

==Khumi Chin==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cnk|/ba˥.te˧/}}

===Noun===
{{head|cnk|noun}}

# [[swelling]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|cnk|bakungte}}

===References===
* {{R:cnk:Herr:2011|page=74}}

==Kitanemuk==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|azc-ktn|azc-pro|*pa}}. Cognate with {{cog|ser|bate}}.

===Noun===
{{head|azc-ktn|noun|head=bāte}}

# [[water]]

===References===
* Kroeber, ''Shoshonean Dialects of California'', in ''University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology'', volume 4, page 81

==Latin==

===Noun===
{{head|la|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|la|batus||voc|s}}

==Lindu==

===Noun===
{{head|klw|noun}}

# [[gravestone]]

==Middle English==

===Etymology 1===

====Noun====
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|bot|t=boat}}

===Etymology 2===

====Verb====
{{head|enm|verb}}

# {{alt form|enm|baten|t=to beat|id=to beat}}

===Etymology 3===

====Verb====
{{head|enm|verb}}

# {{alt form|enm|baten|t=to abate|id=to abate}}

==Old English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|bāte}}

===Noun===
{{head|ang|noun form|head=bāte}}

# {{infl of|ang|bāt||dat//gen|sg|;|nom|pl|;|acc|s//p}}

==Portuguese==

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|pt|at͡ʃi|q1=Brazil|atɨ|q2=Portugal|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|ba|te}}

===Verb===
{{head|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|bater}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ro|la|batto|battere}}, from earlier {{m|la|battuo|battuere}}. Compare {{cog|rup|bat}}. {{etydate|16th century}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˈba.te/}}
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-bate.wav}}
* {{rhymes|ro|ate|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ro|ba|te}}

===Verb===
{{ro-verb|conj=3|bate|bătut}}

# {{lb|ro|transitive}} to [[beat]] {{gl|repeatedly hit for various purposes}}
#: {{coi|ro|a '''bate''' la ușă|to '''knock''' on the door}}
#: {{coi|ro|a '''bate''' untul|to '''churn''' butter}}
#: {{coi|ro|a '''bate''' la tălpi|to administer a foot whipping}}
#: {{coi|ro|a '''bate''' la mașină|to type on a typewriter}}
# {{lb|ro|transitive|or|reciprocal}} to [[beat]] {{gl|give a beating}}
# {{lb|ro|transitive|colloquial}} to [[defeat]]
#: {{syn|ro|învinge|înfrânge}}
# {{lb|ro|intransitive|of the heart}} to [[beat]]
# {{lb|ro|transitive|of the wind}} to [[blow]]
# {{lb|ro|transitive|of the sun}} to [[shine]]

====Conjugation====
{{ro-conj-2|type=3
|ger=bătând
|past=bătut
|1s=bat
|2s=bați
|3s=bate
|1p=batem
|2p=bateți
|3p=bat
|3sub=bată
|perf=bătu
|3perf=bătu
|imp=băte
|3imp=bătea
|2imp=bate}}

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|give a beating}} {{l|ro|cafti}} {{q|slang}}, {{l|ro|mardi}} {{q|slang}}, {{l|ro|cotonogi}} {{q|slang}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|ro|2|bate gândul|bate în retragere|bate la cap|bate măr|bate monedă|bate palma|batere|bate toba|bătător|bătătură|bătut|bătut în cap|își bate joc|se bate cu pumnii în piept|collapse=0}}

====Related terms====
{{top2}}
* {{l|ro|abate}}
* {{l|ro|bătaie}}
* {{l|ro|bătălie}}
* {{l|ro|combate}}
* {{l|ro|străbate}}
* {{l|ro|zbate}}
{{bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:DEX}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Noun===
{{sh-noun form}}

# {{infl of|sh|bat||voc|s}}

==Serrano==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ser|azc-pro|*pa}}.

===Noun===
{{head|ser|noun|head=bāte}}

# [[water]]

===References===
* Kroeber, ''Shoshonean Dialects of California'', in ''University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology'', volume 4, page 81

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|es|en|bat}}.

====Noun====
{{es-noun|m}}

# {{lb|es|sports}} [[bat]]

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{es-noun|m}}

# {{lb|es|Honduras|slang}} [[reefer]], [[joint]] (a marijuana cigarette)
#: {{syn|es|canuto|carruco<q:Honduras>|leño<q:Honduras>|porro|pito<q:Chile>}}

===Etymology 3===

====Verb====
{{head|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|batir}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

{{C|es|Recreational drugs}}

==Walloon==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|wa|fro|batre}}, from {{inh|wa|LL.|batto|battō, battere|}}, alternative form of {{inh|wa|la|battuo|battuō, battuere|beat, pound; fight}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|wa|/bat/}}

===Verb===
{{head|wa|verb}}

# {{lb|wa|pronominal}} to [[fight]]