View source for clarion

{{also|Clarion|clarión}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2022|November|22}}

===Pronunciation===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Grand Army Plaza Herald.jpg
|caption1 = A [[statue#Noun|statue]] [[depict]]ing the [[herald#Noun|Herald]] of [[victory#Noun|Victory]] [[sound#Verb|sounding]] a clarion ''(sense 1)'', atop the {{w|Grand Army Plaza}} [[w:Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch|Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Arch]], in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]], [[New York]], U.S.A.
|image2 = GrenvilleArms ModernClarions.png
|caption2 = The [[coat of arms]] of Sir [[w:Thomas Grenville (died 1513)|Thomas Grenville II]] ({{circa2|1453|short=1}}&nbsp;– ''c.'' 1513) [[feature#Verb|features]] [[three]] clarions ''(sense 3)'' [[or#Noun|or]] ([[gold#Noun|gold]]).
}}

* {{IPA|en|/ˈklæ.ɹɪ.ən/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈklæ.ɹi.ən/|/ˈklɛ-/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|En-us-clarion.ogg|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|æɹiən|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|clar|i|on}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*kelh₁-}}
The {{glossary|noun}} is derived from {{inh|en|enm|clarion}}, {{m|enm|clarioun|t=trumpet with a narrow tube and a shrill sound, clarion; clarion player}}{{nb...|clarionne, clarioune, claryon, claryoun, claryoune, claryounn, claryounne, claryowne|otherforms=1}},<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=clariǒun|pos=n|id=MED7885}}</ref> from {{der|en|fro|claron}}, {{m|fro|clarïon|t=clarion}}{{nb...|cleron, clairon|otherforms=1}}, from {{der|en|ML.|clāriōn}}, {{m|ML.|clario}}, {{m|ML.|clārōn|t=clarion; trumpet}}, from {{der|en|la|clārus|t=audible; clear, distinct, loud; (visually) bright, clear}},<ref name="OED">{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=33829|date=March 2022|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|pos=n}}</ref> ultimately from {{der|en|ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call, summon; to cry}}.

The {{glossary|adjective}} is from an {{glossary|attributive}} use of the noun.<ref name="OED"/><ref>{{R:Lexico|pos=adj}}</ref>

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|brass instrument|historical|or|poetic}} A [[medieval#Adjective|medieval]] [[brass instrument]] [[chiefly]] [[use#Verb|used]] as a [[battle#Noun|battle]] [[signal#Noun|signal]]; [[relate]]d to the [[trumpet#Noun|trumpet]], it had a [[narrow#Adjective|narrow]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]] [[pipe#Noun|pipe]] and a [[high-pitched]], [[piercing#Adjective|piercing]] [[sound#Noun|sound]].
#: {{ux|en|The '''clarion'''’s call to action has been heard.}}
#* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|book=I|page=26|lines=531–533|passage=Then ſtrait commands that at the warlike ſound / Of Trumpets loud and '''Clarions''' be upreard / His mighty Standard; {{...}}|year=1873}}
#* {{RQ:Longfellow Ballads|poem=Excelsior|stanza=2|page=129|passage=And like a silver '''clarion''' rung / The accents of that unknown tongue, / Excelsior!}}
#* {{RQ:Emerson May-Day|pages=33–34|pageref=34|passage=There is no bard in all the choir, / Nor {{w|Homer}}'s self, the poet sire, / {{...}} / Nor [[w:William Collins (poet)|Collins]]' verse of tender pain, / Nor [[w:Lord Byron|Byron]]'s '''clarion''' of disdain, / {{...}} / Not one of all can put in verse, / Or to this presence could rehearse, / The sights and voices ravishing / The boy knew on the hills in spring, {{...}}|footer=A figurative use.}}
#* {{RQ:Haggard She|chapter=Triumph|page=234|passage=Blind me, take away mine eyes, and let the darkness utterly fence me in, and still mine ears would catch the tone of thy unforgotten voice, striking more loud against the portals of my sense than can the call of brazen-throated '''clarions''':– {{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|by extension}}
## {{lb|en|poetic}} The sound of a clarion ''(sense 1)'', or any sound [[resemble|resembling]] the [[loud#Adjective|loud]], high-pitched [[note#Noun|note]] of a clarion.
##* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|book=VII|page=199|lines=442–446|passage=Others [''i.e.'', other birds] on ground / Walk'd firm; the creſted Cock whoſe '''clarion''' ſounds / The ſilent hours, and th' other whoſe gay Traine / Adorns him, colour'd with the Florid hue / Of Rainbows and Starrie Eyes.|year=1873}}
##* {{RQ:Pope Dunciad|lines=213–214|page=26|passage=And his this ''Drum'', vvhoſe hoarſe heroic baſe / Drovvns the loud '''Clarion''' of the braying ''Aſs''.}}
##* {{RQ:Gray Elegy|page=29|passage=The cock's ſhrill '''clarion''', or the ecchoing horn, / No more ſhall rouſe them from their lovvly bed.}}
##* {{RQ:Scott Don Roderick|stanza=LXII|page=54|passage=[K]indling Nations buckle on their mail, / And Fame, with '''clarion'''-blast and wings unfurl'd, / To freedom and revenge awakens an injured World!}}
##* {{RQ:Longfellow Miles Standish|poem=Daybreak|page=195|passage=O chanticleer, / Your '''clarion''' blow; the day is near.}}
## {{lb|en|music}} An [[organ stop]] [[consist]]ing of pipes with [[reed#Noun|reeds]] giving a high-pitched note like that of a clarion ''(sense 1)''.
# {{lb|en|heraldic charge}} A [[charge#Noun|charge]] [[think#Verb|thought]] to [[represent]] a [[type#Noun|type]] of [[wind instrument]], a [[keyboard instrument]] like a [[spinet]], or perhaps a [[rest#Noun|rest]] used by a [[knight#Noun|knight]] to [[support#Noun|support]] a [[lance#Noun|lance]] during [[jousting#Noun|jousting]].
#: {{synonyms|en|clarichord|rest|sufflue}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|clarion call}}
* {{l|en|clarionet}}
* {{l|en|clarionetist}}, {{l|en|clarionettist}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|medieval brass instrument chiefly used as a battle signal}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|եղջյուր}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|борғо}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|clarí|m}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|klaroen|f|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t-needed|eo}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|klarino}} {{qualifier|S-shaped}}, {{t+|fi|pasuuna}} {{qualifier|straight}}
* French: {{t+|fr|clairon}}
* German: {{t|de|Clairon|n}}, {{t+|de|Fanfare|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|harsona}}
* Italian: {{t|it|clarino|m}}, {{t+|it|chiarina|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|クラリオン}}
* Middle Persian: {{t|pal|nʾd|tr=nā̆y}}
* Norwegian:
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|clarino}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|claron|m}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|trąbka sygnałowa|f}}, {{t|pl|sygnałówka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|clarim|m}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|кларион}}, {{t+|ru|горн|m}}, {{t+|ru|рожо́к|m}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|clarín|m}}, {{t|es|cornetín|m}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|jägarhorn}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|горн|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|sound of a clarion, or any sound resembling the loud, high-pitched note of a clarion}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[klarino]]n [[ääni]]}}, {{t|fi|[[pasuuna]]n [[ääni]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|organ stop consisting of pipes with reeds giving a high-pitched note like that of a clarion}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|clarion}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|charge thought to represent a type of wind instrument, a keyboard instrument like a spinet, or perhaps a rest used by a knight to support a lance during jousting}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|merkinantotorvi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# Of a [[sound#Noun|sound]], a [[voice#Noun|voice]], a [[message#Noun|message]], etc.: [[brilliantly]] [[clear#Adjective|clear]].
#: {{ux|en|her '''clarion''' top notes}}
#* {{RQ:Longfellow Ballads|poem=Excelsior|stanza=4|page=130|passage=And loud that '''clarion''' voice replied / Excelsior!}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=July 31, 2017
|author=Anthony Tommasini
|title=Review: Flawed but Fascinating Dvorak Opera in a Rare Staging
|work=New York Times
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/arts/music/dvorak-dimitrij-opera-review-bard-summerscape.html
|page=
|passage=Clay Hilley brought vocal heft, '''clarion''' sound and stamina to the role, though there were stretches where his voice sounded strained, understandably so, given the demands.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=March 24, 2021
|author=Sebastian Smee
|title=Van Gogh’s astonishing masterpiece
|work=Washington Post
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/interactive/2021/vincent-van-gogh-cypresses/
|page=
|passage=The '''clarion''' immediacy of Van Gogh’s painting was echoed by his prose.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|of a sound, a voice, a message, etc.: brilliantly clear}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|heleä}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|clariounen|t=of a horn or trumpet: to blow, sound}},<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=clariǒunen|pos=v|id=MED7886}}</ref> from {{m|enm|clarioun|pos=noun}} (see [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]]) + {{m|enm|-en|pos={{glossary|suffix}} forming the {{glossary|infinitive}}s of {{glossary|verb}}s}}.<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=-en|pos=''suf.''(3)|noformat=1|id=MED13518}}</ref> Later uses may also be derived directly from the noun.<ref>Compare {{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=33830|date=March 2022}}</ref>

====Verb====
{{en-verb}} {{term-label|en|rare}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}}
## To [[announce]] or [[herald#Verb|herald]] (something) [[use#Verb|using]] a [[clarion#Noun|clarion]] ''(noun sense 1)''.
### {{lb|en|figuratively}} To announce or herald (something) [[clearly]], especially so as to [[stir#Verb|stir]] or [[unite#Verb|unite]] [[person#Noun|people]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=Rebecca Rogers|title=They Ask for Bread|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Rockport Press Publishers|year=1946|page=16|oclc=2309854|passage=His deep voice '''clarioned''' the words and he paused, hearing them whisper away into their last faint echoes in the organ loft.}}
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Cedric Robinson|Cedric J[ames] Robinson]]|chapter=The Search for Higher Ground|title=Black Movements in America|series=Revolutionary Thought/Radical Movements|location=New York, N.Y.; London|publisher=w:Routledge|year=1997|page=144|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/blackmovementsin00robi/page/144/mode/1up|isbn=978-0-415-91223-5|passage=He &#91;{{w|Martin Luther King Jr.}}&#93; '''clarioned''' a call to action that was heard wherever Afro-Christians could be found (and beyond, if one recalls Pentecostalism).}}
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Brian Keenan (writer)|Brian Keenan]]|chapter=First Footfalls in Fairbanks|title=Four Quarters of Light: A Journey through Alaska|location=London; Toronto, Ont.|publisher=[[w:Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|year=2004|page=28|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/fourquartersofli0000keen/page/28/mode/1up|isbn=978-0-385-60306-5|passage=All around me the tamaracks, alder birches and willows would send up amber and golden flares '''clarioning''' the winter; {{...}}}}
## {{lb|en|also|figuratively}} Of a [[thing]]: to [[cause#Verb|cause]] (a [[place#Noun|place]]) to [[echo#Verb|echo]] with a sound like that of a clarion.
##* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Richard Henry Horne|[Richard Henry Horne]]]|chapter=Of Composers, and Instrumental Performers|title=Exposition of the False Medium and Barriers Excluding Men of Genius from the Public|location=London|publisher={{w|Effingham Wilson}},{{nb...|Royal Exchange.}}|year=1833|page=49|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gskNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA49|oclc=2588042|passage=Sir Knight, thy glory '''clarioneth''' the heavens.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To [[sound#Verb|sound]] a clarion; also, to make a [[high-pitched]], [[piercing#Adjective|piercing]] [[sound#Noun|sound]] like that of a clarion.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[Ronald Roth]|chapter=The Judgment of Tithonus|title=Edgar or the New Pygmalion; and The Judgment of Tithonus|location=Madras, Tamil Nadu|publisher=Higginbotham and Co.{{nb...|by appointment in India to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and to the Madras University.}}|year=1883|section=scene ii|page=23|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJFEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA23|oclc=559393332|passage=[T]hou, young-bodied morn, / In-ushered by the puffed winds '''clarioning''', / No bond can bind.}}
#* {{RQ:R. F. Burton Arabian Nights|volume=I|chapter=Tale of the Bull and the Ass|night=1|page=22|passage=We dogs are all a-mourning; but thou [a rooster] clappest thy wings and '''clarionest''' thy loudest and treadest hen after hen.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Antipater of Thessalonica|chapter=Sect. I. Love. [At Cockcrowing]|translator=[[w:John William Mackail|J[ohn] W[illiam] Mackail]]|title=Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology{{nb...|Edited with a Revised Text Introduction Translation and Notes by J. W. Mackail Fellow of Balliol College Oxford}}|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Longman|Longmans, Green, and Co.]]|year=1890|section=epigram XXIV|page=100|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB48AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA100|oclc=978244603|passage=Grey dawn is over, Chrysilla, and ere now the morning cock '''clarioning''' leads on the envious Lady of Morn.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Irvin S. Cobb|Irvin S[hrewsbury] Cobb]]|title=A Plea for Old Cap Collier|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:George H. Doran Company|George H[enry] Doran Company]]|year=1921|pages=48–49|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/pleaforoldcapcol00cobb/page/49/mode/1up|oclc=710014|passage=[N]ow groaning, now with his eye flashing, now with a tear—undoubtedly a frozen tear—standing in the eye, now '''clarioning''', now sighing, onward and upward he goes: {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Stephen King|chapter=Eddie’s Bad Break|title=[[w:It (novel)|It]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Viking Press|Viking]]|date=15 September 1986|year_published=November 1986|section=part 4 (July of 1958), section 4|page=787|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/it00king_1/page/787/mode/1up|isbn=978-0-670-81302-5|passage=He heard his mother bugling and '''clarioning''' outside, and he tried to tell the nurse not to let her in, but no words would come out, no matter how hard he tried.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|clarioning|pos=noun}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to announce or herald (something) using a clarion}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ilmoittaa]] [[pasuuna]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to announce or herald (something) clearly, especially so as to stir or unite people}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ilmoittaa}}, {{t+|fi|julistaa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to sound a clarion; to make a high-pitched, piercing sound like that of a clarion}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[soida]] [[kuin]] [[pasuuna]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|clarion (heraldry)}}
* {{pedia|clarion (instrument)}}
* {{pedia|2=clarion (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acilnor|Locrian|acrinol|alicorn|carolin|clairon|clarino}}