View source for coffee

{{also|coffée}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Roasted coffee beans.jpg
|caption1 = Roasted '''coffee beans''' ({{senseno|en|beans}})
|image2 = A small cup of coffee.JPG
|caption2 = '''Coffee beverage''' ({{senseno|en|beverage}})
}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|coffée||rare}}

===Etymology===
{{etymon|en|id=coffee beverage|bor|nl>koffie>coffee|tree=1}}
{{root|en|ar|ق ه ي}}
{{bor+|en|nl|koffie}}, from {{der|en|it|caffè}}, from {{der|en|ota|قهوه|tr=kahve}}, from {{der|en|ar|قَهْوَة}}.<ref name="OnlineED">{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|entry=coffee}}</ref><ref name="OxfordED">{{R:OED Online|entry=coffee|pos=n|id=35784|date=June 2021}}</ref> {{doublet|en|café|caffè}} and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.<ref name="OxfordED"/>
{{root|en|ar|ق ه ي}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒf.i/|a=Modern,RP}}
* {{audio|en|En-uk-coffee.ogg|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔː.fɪ/|a=Conservative,RP,dated}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔ.fi/|a=GA}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɑ.fi/|a=cot-caught}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-coffee.ogg|a=US}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒ.fi/|a=Canada}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔə.fi/|a=NYC}}
* {{homophones|en|coughy}}
* {{hyphenation|en|cof|fee}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɒfi|ɔːfi|s1=2}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|~}} {{defdate|from 1598}} <ref name="OxfordED"/>

# {{senseid|en|beverage}} {{lb|en|uncountable}} A [[beverage]] made by [[infuse|infusing]] the [[bean]]s of the coffee plant in hot water.
#* {{RQ:Burton Melancholy|edition=2nd|part=II|section=5|member=1|subsection=v|passage=The Turks have a drink called '''coffa''' (for they use no wine), so named of a berry as black as soot, and as bitter{{nb...}}, which they sip still of, and sup as warm as they can suffer{{nb...}}.}}
#* {{RQ:Shadwell Miser|page=1|passage=VVhat a devil makes thee in ſo muſty a humour? Thou art as dull and dumpiſh as a fellovv that had been drunk over night vvith Ale, and had done nothing but drunk '''Coffee''', talked Politicks, and read Gazettes all this morning.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|passage=The great use of '''coffee''' in France is supposed to have abated the prevalency of the gravel, for where '''coffee''' is used as a constant beverage, the gravel and the gout are scarcely known.|work=The Plough, The Loom and the Anvil|year=1848|page=137|editor=J. S. Skinner & Son|volume=I|publisher=J. S. Skinner & Son|location=Philadelphia|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Plough_the_Loom_and_the_Anvil/cl8EAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0}}
#* {{RQ:Chambers Younger Set|IV|passage="He was here," observed Drina composedly, "and father was angry with him." / "What?" exclaimed Eileen. "When?" / "This morning, before father went downtown." / Both Selwyn and Lansing cut in coolly, dismissing the matter with a careless word or two; and '''coffee''' was served&mdash;cambric tea in Drina's case.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-06-22|volume=407|issue=8841|page=68|magazine=w:The Economist
|title=[http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21579860-g8-pledges-tackle-three-ts-t-time T time]|passage={{...}}a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain{{...}}shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate{{...}}“stateless income”:{{nb...}}. In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of '''coffee''' into intellectual property.}}
# {{senseid|en|serving}} {{lb|en|countable}} A [[serving]] of this beverage.
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=12 April 2008|author=Agnes Poirier|journal=The Guardian
|passage=As I sip a '''coffee''' at Brasserie Balzar, two well-known intellectuals, one publisher and a Sorbonne professor were discussing Sarkozy's future: "He won't finish his mandate" says one.}}
# {{senseid|en|beans}} The seeds of the plant used to make coffee, called ‘[[beans]]’ due to their shape.
# {{senseid|en|powder}} The powder made by roasting and grinding the seeds.
# {{senseid|en|plant}} A [[tropical]] [[plant]] of the genus {{taxfmt|Coffea|genus}}.
# {{senseid|en|color}} A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.
#: {{color panel|6F4E37}}
# {{senseid|en|end of a meal}} The end of a meal, when coffee is served.
#: {{ux|en|He did not stay for '''coffee'''.}}

====Synonyms====
* [[Thesaurus:coffee]]
* [[Thesaurus:color]]

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|anticoffee|coffee up|egg coffee|coffeeberry|coffeegrower|coffeegrowing|coffeehead|coffeeholic|coffeeless|coffeelike|coffeemaking|coffeeroom|coffeetime|Coffeeville|coffeeware|coffolate|noncoffee
|black coffee
|chicory coffee|bulletproof coffee|coffee man|coffee snake|coffee-klatch|coffee-klatsch|coffee-man|coffee-room|cold-brew coffee|cream in one's coffee|Mogdad coffee
|civet coffee
|coffee-and
|coffee and cake
|coffee and cakes
|coffee au lait
|coffee bag
|coffee bar
|coffee bean
|coffee berry
|coffee bowl
|coffee break
|coffee bush
|coffee cabinet|coffee ring
|coffee cake
|coffee culture
|coffee-cup
|coffee cup
|coffee essence
|coffee extract|Arabian coffee
|coffee-glass
|coffee glass
|coffee grinder
|coffee ground
|coffee grounds
|coffee ground vomiting
|coffee ground vomitus
|coffee klatch
|coffee klatsch
|coffee machine
|coffeemaker
|coffee-maker
|coffee maker
|coffee mill
|coffee morning
|coffee pod
|coffee pot
|coffee room
|coffee royal
|coffee rust
|coffee senna
|coffee shop
|coffee spoon
|coffee syrup
|coffee table
|coffee-table book
|coffee table book
|coffee talk
|coffeehouse
|coffee-house
|coffee house
|coffee-kettle
|coffee leaf rust
|coffee liqueur
|coffee making
|coffeeman
|coffee milk
|coffee money
|coffee-mill
|coffee palace
|coffee pause
|coffee plunger
|coffee-pot
|coffee-potful
|coffee potful
|coffee roll
|coffeetini
|coffee tree
|coffeewoman
|cold brew coffee
|cowboy coffee
|cup of coffee
|dalgona coffee
|dandelion coffee
|drip coffee
|filter coffee
|French coffee
|Gaelic coffee
|iced coffee
|instant coffee
|Irish coffee
|Kentucky coffeetree
|power coffee
|regular coffee
|Scotch coffee
|suspended coffee
|that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee
|that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee
|that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee
|third-wave coffee
|Turkish coffee
|Vietnamese coffee
|variegated coffee bug
|wake up and smell the coffee
|white coffee
}}

====Related terms====
* [[caffeine]]
* [[kaffeeklatsch]]

====Descendants====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|tpi|kopi}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mnw|ကဝ်ဖှဳ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gu|કૉફી}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ha|kṑfī}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|hi|कॉफ़ी}}
* {{desc|bor=on|ko|커피}}
* {{desc|sks|kopi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|काफी|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mh|ko̧pe}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nv|gohwééh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gd|cofaidh}}
* {{desc|cy|bor=1|coffi}}
{{desc-bottom}}

====Translations====
{{see translation subpage|Noun}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-}}

# Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.
# Of a table: a small, low table suitable for people in lounge seating to put coffee cups on.

====Translations====
{{see translation subpage|Adjective}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb|pres_ptc2=coffee-ing|past2=coffee'd|past3=coffee-ed}}

# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To drink coffee.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1839|author=Thomas Chandler Haliburton|title=The Clockmaker|passage=I rushed into my cabin, '''coffeed''', wined, and went to bed sobbing.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|editor=w:Clement Kinloch-Cooke|title=A Memoir of Her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck: Based on Her Private Diaries and Letters|year=1900|page=224|passage=In the afternoon with Hilda and suite in three ''Einspänner'' to just beyond Pontresina; we got out and crossed the bridge over the Bernina to Sans Souci Café, where we '''''coffee''’''d'''''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=Pearson’s Magazine|year=1912|page=225|passage=We had '''coffee’d''' with the scoundrel{{...}}}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ellen Snebley|title=Teapot Tattle|journal=Santa Ana Journal|volume=1|issue=52|location=Santa Ana, Calif.|date=29 June 1935|page=eight|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/csta_000052/page/n7/mode/1up|passage=Mr. and Mrs. Ted Craig (he{{sic}} speaker of the assembly) emerging from a popular drive-in after having sandwiched and '''coffeed''' .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|editor=Ralph Straus|title=Sala: The Portrait of an Eminent Victorian|year=1942|page=228|passage=When Sala sits for Lambeth, then what can’t the House discuss? / He has '''coffee’d''' with the Moslem, he has tea’d it with the Russ; / He can analyze the natives from Granada to New York; / He has tasted pumpkin squashes! he can speak the tongue of Cork.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Journal of François Mignon|date=24 January 1956|page=7794|passage=I '''coffee-ed''' with your girl friend this morning, her daughter having long since gone to town to make some final arrangements about a Catholic Daughters' frolic for tonight.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Thea Astley|title=w:The Slow Natives|year=1965|page=196|passage=He '''coffeed''' and sandwiched along the highway.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=Western Fisheries|year=1969|page=51|passage=A while back while '''coffee-ing''' with friends, the men were discussing new water tanks, the different makes, costs, etc.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=Audience|year=1972|page=80|passage=It embarrassed Glover that when his wife '''coffee’d''' with a neighbor in the kitchen she had to leave the oven going with the door open to keep the place livable.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Experiences in Rural Mental Health: Developing Citizen Participation|year=1973|page=25|passage=We sat and '''coffee’d''' with people in the living room.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:William Goldman|title=[[w:Magic (novel)|Magic]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Delacorte Press|year=1976|page=10|isbn=0-440-05159-2|passage=“Can I at least make you some coffee?” “I’m not in the habit of '''coffee-ing''' with strange women.”}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=Telephone Engineer & Management|year=1976|page=56|passage=Jack Herington “'''coffee-d'''” with delegates on Wednesday morning.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Robert H. Morneau; Robert R. Rockwell|title=Sex, Motivation, and the Criminal Offender|year=1980|page=136|passage=She took care of a modest house, “'''coffee’d'''” with her neighbors while the husband slept late in the mornings.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Daisy Hepburn|chapter=The Farmer|title=Lead, Follow Or Get Out of the Way!|location=Ventura, Calif.|publisher=Regal Books|year=1982|page=98|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/leadfolloworgeto00hep_co8/page/98/mode/1up|passage=While watching television or '''coffee-ing''' with a neighbor tape all your wonderful stuff onto 8½-by-11-inch sheets of paper.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=Horseless Carriage Gazette|year=1983|page=14|passage=We '''coffee’d''' in a park, we found a stream and pond for lunch and for Mike Roberts to shoot Stanley’s siphoning water and sort of bumped and lazed along on roads with Brete Hart and Mark Twain names.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Rachel Cohn|title=[[w:Gingerbread (Cohn novel)|Gingerbread]]|publisher=[[w:Simon & Schuster|Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers]]|year=2002|pages=64–65|isbn=0-689-84337-2|passage=“At least my parents stick around!” I said back as I paced. I instantly regretted my comeback but that’s the thing about unkind words: You can try to undo the damage, but (a) it’s hard when you’re all '''coffee-ed''' up, and (b) you can’t take it back, ever.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Larry Baker|title=Athens, America|publisher=First Coast Books|year=2005|page=252|isbn=0-9755724-0-7|passage=They had been at the HyVee deli that night, '''coffee’ed''' up and continuing a late night discussion of angels on the heads of pins, or whatever Episcopalians discuss, three wise men who had walked out of the HyVee to enjoy the warm September air,{{nb...}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rebecca Schoenkopf|title=Commie Girl in the OC|location=London; New York|publisher=Verso|year=2008|pages=11–12|isbn=9781844672585|passage=The country club where we '''coffee’d''' was hushed, even desolate on a rainy morning—the dark woods you would expect, the sweet selection of teas.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Jeff Collignon|title=The Glass Eye of Hell|year=2010|page=160|isbn=978-0-557-31841-4|passage=Stopped at a 7/eleven, '''coffee-ed''' up, washed down four dex, hit the Interstate.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2010|author=Patrick Day|title=Too Late in the Afternoon: One Man's Triumph Over Depression|passage=It was exactly 11 a.m. We had been '''coffeeing''' for one hour, and our coffee cups were empty.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=N.S. David|title=TLC (Tranquility Logistics Corporation)|publisher=w:AuthorHouse|year=2010|page=31|isbn=978-1-4520-5105-5|passage=Very little was spoken as they '''coffee-ed''' up and she cut the peppers.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Terrence Douglas|chapter=Dead Princess|title=Does a Footstep Linger?|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=[[w:iUniverse|iUniverse, Inc.]]|year=2011|page=55|isbn=978-1-4620-3852-7|passage=Woke to Ravel’s ''Pavane For Dead Princess'', / '''Coffee-ed''' with Simone’s ''I Get Along Without You Very Well'' – of course I do.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Kat Meads|title=2:12 a.m.|location=Nacogdoches, Tex.|publisher={{w|Stephen F. Austin State University}} Press|year=2013|page=65|passage=I, myself, have been awake since three, dressed since four, '''coffee-ed''' up since five.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Bett Taylor|chapter=The Operation|title=Coffee Breaks, Short Stories and Poems|publisher=w:Xlibris|year=2013|page=113|isbn=978-1-4836-0761-0|passage=“Hi! Didn’t think you would be '''coffee-ing''' again. Out and about so soon after your op?”}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Johnny D. Boggs|title=Hard Winter: A Western Story|publisher=w:Skyhorse Publishing|year=2013|passage=Well, one morning after I had '''coffee-ed''' up and went to fork hay into the corrals, I spied a rider.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Wednesday Martin|chapter=Introduction|title=Primates of Park Avenue: A Memoir|publisher=w:Simon & Schuster|year=2015|page=8|passage=From my base camp, I went to Mommy & Me groups, applied to exclusive music classes, wrangled with nannies, '''coffee’d''' with other mothers, and “auditioned” at preschools, for my firstborn son and then his little brother.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Doug Jordan|title=The Maxim Chronicles: A Year with a Champion Poodle|publisher=AFS Publishing|year=2016|page=181|isbn=978-1-365-20018-2|passage=Madelyn was awake around 6:30 but she was only six months old and had not yet developed pre-Christmas excitement; Michael got her changed and bottled up (and himself '''coffee-ed''' up) well before anybody else stirred.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Melanie Dimmitt|title=Special: Antidotes to the Obsessions That Come with a Child’s Disability|publisher=Ventura Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-920727-33-8|passage=‘Especially when it’s something you can’t change, looking to where someone else is and trying to compare is only going to make you feel that sense of crushing disappointment, or feeling like you’re so far away from what you would have ideally wanted,’ says Cassie Mendoza-Jones, the kinesiologist we '''coffee’d''' with in Chapter 7.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rebecca Crowley|title=Off the Record|series=The London Phoenix Series|publisher=Tule Publishing|year=2020|isbn=978-1-951190-81-1|passage=“{{...|nospace=1}}The two of you should get together for coffee one of these days. I’ll introduce you after the service.” “Sure, Gran,” Sophie said easily, well used to these monthly matchmaking efforts. Ealing was in fact rather far, and frankly she had no intention of '''coffee-ing''' with Mark Bloom either way, but she’d long learned it was best just to nod along with her grandmother’s non-stop attempts to marry her off.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Diane E. Peeling|chapter=I Am|title=Connected Life Awareness|publisher=Strategic Book Publishing & Rights|year=2021|page=6|isbn=978-1-68235-294-6|passage=I am glad you didn’t yell at me when I dinged your car, I am glad you taught me to cook for large groups, I am glad that we '''coffee’d''' until all hours.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|work=w:The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/three-ladies-three-lattes-still-coffee-ing-after-all-these-years-656966|date=28 January 2021|passage=Three Ladies, Three Lattes: Still '''coffee-ing''' after all these years}}
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To give coffee to.
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=City’s Veteran Firemen. New Year Reception. The Rooms of the Association Filled with Guests. Reminiscences, Reunion, and Refreshments,<!--sic-->|journal=The Pittsfield Sun|volume=97|issue=26|location=Pittsfield, Mass.|date=7 January 1897|page=7|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/531301600/|passage=The association of veteran firemen, which has a membership of 200, kept open house for New Year callers, and all comers were bountifully sandwiched and '''coffeed'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Dumas Malone|title=The Ring and the Red Triangle: How the Men Who Wear the New Insignia Go With the Army|journal=The Macon Daily Telegraph|location=Macon, Ga.|date=11 November 1917|section=first section, article section “The Ever-Ready Hut”|page=four|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/826890318/|passage=Here at Camp Wheeler we “'''coffeed'''” and “sandwiched” the drafted men when they came from Camp Gordon several weeks ago, and the men from Camp Pike more recently.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Howard W[allace] Peak|title=A Ranger of Commerce or 52 Years on the Road|year=1929|page=87|passage=There we were met by enterprising citizens and '''coffeed''' and sandwiched by pretty girls.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Who Clipped the Soldiers’—Hair?|journal=Harrisburg Telegraph|volume=CXII|issue=206|location=Harrisburg, Pa.|date=31 August 1942|section=second section|page=9|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/42897648/|passage=Five soldiers had been sandwiched and '''coffeed''' at the Elks canteen, were a little short of money, needed haircuts.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Charles House|title=Charlie Pauses at 75-Mile Mark To Recount Latest Adventures|journal=Appleton Post-Crescent|volume=LI|issue=88|location=Appleton-Neenah-Menasha, Wis.|date=7 October 1959|section=section “Coffee Break”|page=A16|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/287741321/|passage=I write this on the kitchen table at the home of the kind Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Ebert, who sandwiched and '''coffee’d''' me.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Gene Cowles|journal=Valley Times|volume=27|issue=246|location=San Fernando Valley, Calif.|date=13 October 1964|page=15|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/580453739/|passage=Mrs. Robert (Helen) Adickes, of Flintridge, mate of the chairman of the Pilots For Goldwater committee, was in there pitching as usual seeing that everyone was fed and '''coffeed''' or, in the case of the young colts and fillies, sandwiched and popped.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=Pamphlets on Forestry in California|year=1973|page=225|passage=Ray Hughes and Shirley and Martin Johnson, new owners of “John and Mable’s,<!--sic (quotation mark)--> “'''coffeed'''” me and listened to my story.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Kathleen Merryman|title=Freedom Train fires up parties|journal=The Billings Gazette|volume_plain=90th year|issue=165|location=Billings, Mont.|date=14 October 1975|page=11-A|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/413190549/|passage=Hostesses like Laurie McCormack, who’s used to keeping politicians, press and businessmen '''coffeed''' and sandwiched on special visits to the train, sat back and let Jay Montague and other merchants reverse roles.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Joan Flanagan|title=cassidy’s mob|journal=The Sydney Morning Herald|issue=43,275|date=28 August 1976|page=14|pageurl=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/122643430/|passage=“In the daytimes, he fixes things for people,” I said, “and in return they keep him sandwiched and '''coffeed'''.”}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Terry C. Johnston|title=Wolf Mountain Moon: The Fort Peck Expedition, the Fight at Ash Creek, and the Battle of the Butte—January 8, 1877|publisher=w:Bantam Books|year=1997|page=397|passage=They fed him and '''coffee’d''' him and kept him talking until his throat was sore and it had been long dark for hours.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|editor=Michael F. Anderson|title=A Gathering of Grand Canyon Historians: Ideas, Arguments, and First-Person Accounts: Proceedings of the Inaugural Grand Canyon History Symposium, January 2002|publisher=Grand Canyon Association|year=2005|page=55|isbn=0-938216-83-X|passage=That afternoon at the House Rock Valley Store, the time John Schoppmann '''coffeed''' me and Bob,{{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Steve Ulfelder|chapter=58|title=Wolverine Bros. Freight & Storage: A Conway Sax Mystery|publisher=Minotaur Books|year=2014|page=305|isbn=978-1-250-02811-2|passage=You all fed me and '''coffee’d''' me and warmed me up.}}

===See also===
{{col-top|4}}
* [[arabica]]
* [[cappuccino]]
* [[café au lait]]
* [[café crème]]
* [[café noir]]
* [[cafeteria]]
* [[caffè americano]]
* [[caffè corretto]]
* [[caffè freddo]]
* [[coffea]]
* [[decaf]]
* [[demitasse]]
* [[espresso]]
* [[espresso breve]]
* [[flat white]]
* [[frappuccino]]
* [[java]]
* [[kaffeeklatsch]]
* [[latte]]
* [[long black]]
* [[macchiato]]
* [[mocha]]
* [[mochaccino]]
* [[robusta]]
* [[short black]]
* [[speedball]]
* [[Tia Maria]]
* [[Appendix:Colors]]
{{bottom}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070416120143/http://groups.msn.com/FoodiesCorner/coffeeorigins.msnw The Origins of Coffe on Foodie’s Corner]
* [http://podictionary.com/?p=83 Podictionary article on “coffee” including its relationship with wine]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTDy-L0NKIg&t=10m52s PBS documentary *Black Coffee, The Irresistible Bean. Discusses the origin of the word including the relationship with wine. Starts at 10:52]

{{C|en|Browns|Coffee|Madder family plants}}