filum

See also: fílum

English

Etymology

From Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of file.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfaɪləm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Homophone: phylum

Noun

filum (plural fila)

1. (anatomy) a filamentous anatomical structure

Indonesian

Noun

filum (first-person possessive filumku, second-person possessive filummu, third-person possessive filumnya)

1. (taxonomy) phylum: A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fī(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo- (“sinew”). Cognate with Lithuanian gysla (“vein; thread; nerve”), Proto-Slavic *žìla (“vein; sinew”), Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil, “sinew”), Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”), Welsh gïau (“sinews”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfiː.lum/, [ˈfiːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.lum/, [ˈfiːlum]

Noun

fīlum n (genitive fīlī); second declension

1. thread, string, filament, fiber
2. texture, style, nature
3. wick of a lamp

   Synonym: mergulus

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	fīlum	fīla
genitive	fīlī	fīlōrum
dative	fīlō	fīlīs
accusative	fīlum	fīla
ablative	fīlō	fīlīs
vocative	fīlum	fīla

Derived terms

• fīlō

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: hir, hjir, hiru
  • Romanian: fir
  • → Albanian: fill
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: filu
  • Italian: filo, fila
    • →? Dalmatian: fil
  • Sicilian: filu
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: fîl
  • Romansch: fil
  • Venetan: fiło, fil
    • → Turkish: filo
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: fil
  • Old French: fil
    • French: fil ⇒ file (see there for further descendants)
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: fil, fila
  • Occitan: fil, fila
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: filu
  • Mirandese: filo
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: fio
    • Galician: fío
    • Portuguese: fio
  • Old Spanish: filo
    • Spanish: filo, hilo (see there for further descendants)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: filu, fiu, ilu
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: filicella
  • French: ficelle
  • Piedmontese: filsela, fissela
• Borrowings:
  • → English: filum

References

• “filum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “filum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• filum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• filum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French phylum.

Noun

filum n (plural filumuri)

1. (taxonomy) phylum

Declension

	singular			plural
	+ indefinite article	+ definite article		+ indefinite article	+ definite article
nominative/accusative	(un) filum	filumul		(niște) filumuri	filumurile
genitive/dative	(unui) filum	filumului		(unor) filumuri	filumurilor
vocative	filumule			filumurilor

References

• filum in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN