libro

See also: libró, librò, libro-, and łìbro

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈl̪i.bɾo]
• IPA^(key): /liˈbɾo/ [l̪iˈbɾo]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

líbro or libró (Basahan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜍᜓ)

1. book

   Sain mo binakal an libro?

   Where did you buy the book?

Buhi'non Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: li‧bro
• IPA^(key): /liˈbɾo/ [l̪ɪˈbɾ̪o]

Noun

libró (Badlit spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ)

1. book
2. (accounting) journal; ledger

Chavacano

Etymology

From Spanish libro, from Old Spanish libro, from Latin liber (“book”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/, [ˈli.bɾo]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro

1. book (written work)

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Esperanto

libroj
books

Etymology

From French livre, Italian and Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlibro]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ibro
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro (accusative singular libron, plural libroj, accusative plural librojn)

1. a book
   • 2000, Antoine de Saint Exupéry, La Eta Princo, translated by Pierre Delaire from the French

     Iam, kiam mi estis sesjara, mi vidis belegan bildon en iu libro pri la praarbaro, titolita "Travivitaj rakontoj".

     Once, when I was six years old, I saw a magnificent picture in a book about the primeval forest, titled "True Stories".

Hypernyms

• informilo (“a source of information”)

Hyponyms

• gvidlibro (“guidebook”)
• jarlibro (“yearbook”)
• kajero (“notebook”)
• lernolibro (“textbook”)
• ringolibro (“book whose pages are held by metal rings, used to hold notes or documents”)

 

Meronyms

• antaŭparolo (“foreword”)
• ĉapitro (“chapter”)
• librokovro (“bookcover”)
• paĝo (“page”)
• postparolo (“afterword”)

 

Holonyms

• biblioteko (“library”)
• libraro (“collection of books”)
• librejo (“any place where books are kept”)
• libroŝranko (“bookcase”)
• librovendejo (“bookshop, bookstore”)

 

Derived terms

• adreslibro (“address book”)
• ĉeflibro (“main book”)
• frazlibro (“phrasebook”)
• gvidlibro (“guidebook”)
• jarlibro (“yearbook”)
• kuirlibro (“cookbook”)
• lernolibro (“textbook”)
• libraro (“collection of books”)
• libreto (“booklet”)
• libristo (“bookseller”)
• librobreto (“bookshelf”)
• librokovro (“bookcover”)
• libroŝranko (“bookcase”)
• librovendejo (“bookshop, bookstore”)
• manlibro (“handbook”)
• ringolibro (“book whose pages are held by metal rings, used to hold notes or documents”)
• taglibro (“diary”)
• tekstolibro (“textbook”)
• Vizaĝlibro (“Facebook”)

 

Galician

Libros

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese livro (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin liber, librum (“book”). Compare Portuguese livro.

Alternative forms

• livro (reintegrationist)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈli.β̞ɾʊ]
• Rhymes: -ibɾo

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book
   • 1396, A. Cabana Outeiro, editor, O Tombo H da catedral de Santiago. Documentos anteriores a 1397, Valga: Concello de Valga, page 138:

     hũu liuro apocalisy scripto en purgameo e cuberto de cuberturas de táuõas cubertas de coyro uermello con pregos grandes, o qual liuro era scripto em bõa létera formada e con pinturas

     a book of Revelation written on parchment and covered with covers made of boards covered with red leather, with large sheets, and the mentioned book is written with good well formed letter and with paintings

2. bible, omasum

   Synonyms: entrefollo, santafollo

Derived terms

• libriño

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “livro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “livro”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “liuro”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “libro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “libro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “libro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology 2

Verb

libro

1. first-person singular present indicative of librar

Ibatan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

Noun

libro

1. book

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto libro, French livre, Italian libro, Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈli.bro/

Noun

libro (plural libri)

1. book

Derived terms

• libreto (“booklet, opuscule, libretto”)
• exercolibro (“exercise book”)
• evangeliolibro (“Book of the Gospel”)
• guidolibro (“guide book”)
• imajolibro (“picture book”)
• lernolibro (“textbook, instruction book”)
• vortolibro (“dictionary, lexicon”)

Ilocano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈlib.ɾo]
• Hyphenation: li‧bro

Noun

libro (Kur-itan spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜓ)

1. book

   Ayanna ti libro?

   Where is the book?

Interlingua

Noun

libro (plural libros)

1. book

Iriga Bicolano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin librum (“book”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈli.bro/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ibro
• Hyphenation: lì‧bro

Noun

libro m (plural libri, diminutive librétto or librìno or libriccìno (more common) or librettìno, augmentative libróne, pejorative libràccio, derogatory libriciàttolo or (literary) libràttolo, diminutive-derogatory librùccio or librettùccio or libricciòlo)

1. book
2. (botany) phloem; foliage
3. omasum

Derived terms

• libro di testo

Related terms

• libraio
• librario
• libreria
• libresco
• libretto
• librone

 

Further reading

• libro in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• libro in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• broli

Latin

Etymology 1

From lībra (“a balance”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈliː.broː/, [ˈlʲiːbroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈli.bro/, [ˈliːbro]

Verb

lībrō (present infinitive lībrāre, perfect active lībrāvī, supine lībrātum); first conjugation

1. to poise, balance
2. to swing, brandish, hurl, cast, fling

   Synonyms: iactō, coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, iaciō, trāiciō, iaculor, impingō, ēmittō, abiciō, permittō, mittō

3. (figuratively) to consider, weigh, ponder

   Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, putō, cōnsīderō, reputō, cōnsulō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, pendō, versō

Conjugation

Conjugation of lībrō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	lībrō	lībrās	lībrat	lībrāmus	lībrātis	lībrant
	imperfect	lībrābam	lībrābās	lībrābat	lībrābāmus	lībrābātis	lībrābant
	future	lībrābō	lībrābis	lībrābit	lībrābimus	lībrābitis	lībrābunt
	perfect	lībrāvī	lībrāvistī	lībrāvit	lībrāvimus	lībrāvistis	lībrāvērunt, lībrāvēre
	pluperfect	lībrāveram	lībrāverās	lībrāverat	lībrāverāmus	lībrāverātis	lībrāverant
	future perfect	lībrāverō	lībrāveris	lībrāverit	lībrāverimus	lībrāveritis	lībrāverint
passive	present	lībror	lībrāris, lībrāre	lībrātur	lībrāmur	lībrāminī	lībrantur
	imperfect	lībrābar	lībrābāris, lībrābāre	lībrābātur	lībrābāmur	lībrābāminī	lībrābantur
	future	lībrābor	lībrāberis, lībrābere	lībrābitur	lībrābimur	lībrābiminī	lībrābuntur
	perfect	lībrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	lībrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	lībrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	lībrem	lībrēs	lībret	lībrēmus	lībrētis	lībrent
	imperfect	lībrārem	lībrārēs	lībrāret	lībrārēmus	lībrārētis	lībrārent
	perfect	lībrāverim	lībrāverīs	lībrāverit	lībrāverīmus	lībrāverītis	lībrāverint
	pluperfect	lībrāvissem	lībrāvissēs	lībrāvisset	lībrāvissēmus	lībrāvissētis	lībrāvissent
passive	present	lībrer	lībrēris, lībrēre	lībrētur	lībrēmur	lībrēminī	lībrentur
	imperfect	lībrārer	lībrārēris, lībrārēre	lībrārētur	lībrārēmur	lībrārēminī	lībrārentur
	perfect	lībrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	lībrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	lībrā	—	—	lībrāte	—
	future	—	lībrātō	lībrātō	—	lībrātōte	lībrantō
passive	present	—	lībrāre	—	—	lībrāminī	—
	future	—	lībrātor	lībrātor	—	—	lībrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		lībrāre	lībrāvisse	lībrātūrum esse	lībrārī	lībrātum esse	lībrātum īrī
participles		lībrāns	—	lībrātūrus	—	lībrātus	lībrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		lībrandī	lībrandō	lībrandum	lībrandō	lībrātum	lībrātū

Derived terms

• lībramen
• lībramentum
• lībrātē
• lībrātiō
• lībrātor
• lībrātūra
• lībrātus

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈli.broː/, [ˈlʲɪbroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈli.bro/, [ˈliːbro]

Noun

librō

1. dative/ablative masculine singular of liber

References

• “libro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “libro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• libro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
    
  • (ambiguous) the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    
  • (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro continetur aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro scriptor complexus est aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) at the end of the book: in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1)
    

Libon Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin liber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/

Noun

libro

1. (Old Lombard) book
   • 1274, Bonvesin de la Riva, Libro de Tre Scrigiure:

     In questo nostro libro da tre guis è scrigiura:

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Masbate Sorsogon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Masbatenyo

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Mirandese

Alternative forms

• lhibro

Etymology

From Latin liber.

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book

Miraya Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Northern Catanduanes Bicolano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

• liuro (alternative spelling)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin librum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliβɾo/

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

     dixo el nŕo ſenor a moẏſen qui peccare en mi deſfer loe de mio libro. Agora ue e di ami pueblo cuemo fable […]

     Our Lord said to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will wipe out of my book. Now go and say to my people how I have spoken. […] ”

Descendants

• Ladino: livro
• Spanish: libro

Pangasinan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

Noun

libro

1. book

Sambali

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro (“book”).

Noun

libro

1. book

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Spanish

Libros

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlibɾo/ [ˈli.β̞ɾo]
• Rhymes: -ibɾo
• Syllabification: li‧bro

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish libro (cf. Ladino livro), an early borrowing from Latin librum (“book”). Cognate with French livre, Portuguese livro.

Noun

libro m (plural libros)

1. book

Hyponyms

• gran libro
• libro blanco
• libro de acuerdos
• libro de asiento
• libro de becerro
• libro de bolsillo
• libro de caballerías
• libro de cabecera
• libro de caja
• libro de contabilidad
• libro de cuentas ajustadas
• libro de cuentos
• libro de escolaridad
• libro de estilo
• libro de familia
• libro de fondo
• libro de frases
• libro de hechizos
• libro de hechizos (“spell book, spellbook”)
• libro de honor
• libro de horas
• libro de inventarios
• libro de la vida
• libro de las sombras
• libro de lo salvado
• libro de mano
• libro de memoria
• libro de misa
• Libro de Mormón
• libro de música
• libro de oro
• libro de surtido
• libro de texto
• libro de visitas
• libro diario
• libro electrónico
• libro mayor
• libro sagrado

 

Derived terms

• audiolibro
• cantar a libro abierto
• de libro
• hablar como un libro
• libraco
• librería
• libreta
• librito
• libro abierto
• libro cerrado (“closed book”) (idiomatic)
• libro de caballerías
• librote
• pulmón en libro
• teneduría de libros
• tragalibros

 

Related terms

• librero
• libreto

 

Descendants

• Chavacano: libro
• → Bikol Central: libro
• → Cebuano: libro
• → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: libro
• → Ibatan: libro
• → Quechua: liwru
• → Tagalog: libro
• → Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: libro

See also

• tomo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

libro

1. first-person singular present indicative of librar

References

• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “libro”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 643

Further reading

• “libro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• libdo — obsolete

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro, from Latin librum (“book”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /liˈbɾo/ [lɪˈbɾo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: li‧bro

Noun

libró (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ)

1. book

   Synonym: aklat

2. (accounting) journal; daybook
3. (colloquial) logbook; record book

   Synonyms: aklat-talaan, libro de-rehistro

4. (anatomy) omasum

Derived terms

• libruhin

 

Related terms

• libreriya
• libreta
• librito
• libro mayor
• tenedor-de-libros

 

Further reading

• “libro”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Waray Sorsogon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libro

1. book

Waray-Waray

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

West Albay Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro.

Noun

libró

1. book

Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish libro, from Latin liber.

Noun

libro

1. book
   • 1984, Raúl Brockway B., Herminio Cosme, Juan Hernández, Frases en mejicano y español: En el idioma náhuatl de San Miguel de Tenango, Puebla y en español‎^[2], México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano:

     Ixtlapocan namolibro itich in amatl majtlactli.

     Open your books to page ten.