ren

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ren"

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin rēn. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).

Noun

ren (plural renes)

  1. (anatomy) A kidney.
    • 1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259:
      Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.
    • 1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326:
      We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.
    • 1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195:
      It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.
    • 1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences:
      Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.
Translations

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn,

r
n		 A2

Noun

ren (plural rens)

  1. (Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology.
    • 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
      For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.

Anagrams

Albanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

The Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).

Noun

ren f

  1. cloud(s)
  2. haze, mist
  3. overcast

References


Catalan

Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Etymology

Borrowed from French renne.

Pronunciation

Noun

ren m (plural rens)

  1. reindeer

Chinese

Etymology

Clipping of English render.

Pronunciation

Verb

ren

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render
    ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  ren pin3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to render a video

Chuukese

Preposition

ren

  1. with (third person singular)

Cimbrian

Verb

ren

  1. to speak
  2. to talk

References

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /reːˀn/, [ˈʁæˀn]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.

Noun

ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)

  1. reindeer
    Synonym: rensdyr
Declension
Declension of ren
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ren renen rener renerne
genitive rens renens reners renernes
Derived terms

References

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rein f, from Proto-Germanic *rainō, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German Rain (English rean is from Old Norse).

Noun

ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)

  1. (rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates
    Synonym: agerren
Declension
Declension of ren
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ren renen rene
rener 		renene
renerne
genitive rens renens renes
reners 		renenes
renernes
Derived terms

References

Etymology 3

From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).

Adjective

ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)

  1. clean (without dirt)
  2. pure, mere, sheer(without any added elements)
  3. pure (morally)
Inflection
Inflection of ren
Positive Comparative Superlative
Indefinte common singular ren renere renest2
Indefinite neuter singular rent renere renest2
Plural rene renere renest2
Definite attributive1 rene renere reneste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
Derived terms

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rɛn/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ren
  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • Homophone: Ren

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch rinne, renne.

Noun

ren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)

  1. a run; an enclosed area where small or mid-sized livestock such as poultry are kept
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ren

  1. inflection of rennen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ren

  1. (now literary) nothing
    Synonym: nada
    Antonym: todo

References

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French rein (“kidney”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ren

  1. kidney

Interlingua

Noun

ren (plural renes)

  1. kidney

Japanese

Romanization

ren

  1. Rōmaji transcription of れん

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension

  1. (chiefly in the plural) kidney

Declension

Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative rēn rēnēs
genitive rēnis rēnum
dative rēnī rēnibus
accusative rēnem rēnēs
ablative rēne rēnibus
vocative rēn rēnēs

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Balkan Romance:
    • Romanian: rână
  • Italo-Romance:
  • North-Italian:
    • Gallo-Italic:
      • Piedmontese: ren
    • Venetan: reno
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Occitano-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • ⇒ Aragonese: renera
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)
    • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    • Spanish: rene (dated)
  • Sardinian:
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)
  • Borrowings:
    • → Gheg Albanian: rrâni
    • → English: ren (learned)
    • → Interlingua: ren

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rēnēs, -ium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519: “PIt. *rēn-.; PIE *h₂r-ēn, -en- ‘kidney’? *srēn- ‘loins’?”
  2. ^ Mastrelli, Carlo Alberto (1979) “Una nota su lat. rēnēs e gr. ῥάχις”, in Incontri Linguistici, volume 5, pages 37–42
  3. ^ Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, volumes 4-6, (Can we date this quote?)
  4. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “arañce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 23
  5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

Further reading

  • “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ren in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • ren in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Mandarin

Romanization

ren

  1. Nonstandard spelling of rén.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of rěn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of rèn.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Verb

ren

  1. past of jean

Middle English

Noun

ren

  1. Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /reːn/, [ɾeːn]

Adjective

ren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)

  1. clean
  2. pure

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

Occitan

Etymology 1

from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ren m (plural rens)

  1. (anatomy) kidney
Synonyms

Dialectal variants

Etymology 2

From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).

Pronoun

ren

  1. (Provençal, Limousin) nothing

Dialectal variants

Old English

Noun

rēn m

  1. Alternative form of reġn

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

Noun

ren m

  1. kidney

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
ren

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.

Noun

ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)

  1. caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)
    Synonyms: karibu, renifer, renifer tundrowy
Declension
Declension of ren
singular plural
nominative ren reny
genitive rena renów
dative renowi renom
accusative rena reny
instrumental renem renami
locative renie renach
vocative renie reny
adjective
noun

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium.

Noun

Chemical element
Re
Previous: wolfram (W)
Next: osm (Os)

ren m inan

  1. rhenium
Declension
Declension of ren
singular
nominative ren
genitive renu
dative renowi
accusative ren
instrumental renem
locative renie
vocative renie

Further reading

  • ren in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ren in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ro
Un ren

Etymology

Borrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation

Noun

ren m (plural reni)

  1. reindeer

Declension

singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative ren renul reni renii
genitive-dative ren renului reni renilor
vocative renule renilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

rȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)

  1. horseradish

Declension

Declension of ren
singular
nominative rȅn
genitive rèna
dative renu
accusative ren
vocative rene
locative renu
instrumental renom

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hreinn (noun).

Noun

ren c

  1. reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
    • 1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen [Rudolf with the red nose]”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music)‎[1]:
      Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: "Se, han har sitt dimljus på!" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: "Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.
      Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: "Look, he has his fog light on!" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: "Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].
  2. (chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)
Declension
Declension of ren
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ren rens
definite renen renens
plural indefinite renar renars
definite renarna renarnas
Hyponyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.

Adjective

ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)

  1. clean (not dirty)
    En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena
    A washing machine makes clothes clean
    Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne
    I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there
  2. pure
    rent guld
    pure gold
    en ren lögn
    a pure lie
    ren idioti
    pure idiocy
    1. straight (without anything added)
      dricka vodka rent
      drink vodka straight
Declension
Inflection of ren
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular ren renare renast
Neuter singular rent renare renast
Plural rena renare renast
Masculine plural3 rene renare renast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 rene renare renaste
All rena renare renaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
Antonyms
Derived terms

References

Anagrams

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English rain.

Noun

ren

  1. rain
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:5:
      ...i no gat diwai na gras samting i kamap long graun yet, long wanem, em i no salim ren i kam daun yet. Na i no gat man bilong wokim gaden.
      →New International Version translation

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Noun

ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

  1. threading

Verb

ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

  1. to thread; lace; weave

Wolof

Noun

ren

  1. last year

References

Omar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 155

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 人 (rén).

Pronunciation

Noun

ren

  1. person

References

  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
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