πόνος
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, to twist”), with semantic shift "weaving, stretching" > "tensing, strain" > "exertion, toil". Cognate with Ancient Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to exert oneself”), Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”), and Lithuanian pìnti (“to twist”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pó.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpo.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpo.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpo.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpo.nos/
Noun
[edit]πόνος • (pónos) m (genitive πόνου); second declension
- labor, work (especially hard work; toil
- bodily exertion, exercise
- work, task, business
- the consequence of toil, distress, trouble, suffering
- anything produced by work, a work
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πόνος ho pónos |
τὼ πόνω tṑ pónō |
οἱ πόνοι hoi pónoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πόνου toû pónou |
τοῖν πόνοιν toîn pónoin |
τῶν πόνων tôn pónōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πόνῳ tôi pónōi |
τοῖν πόνοιν toîn pónoin |
τοῖς πόνοις toîs pónois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πόνον tòn pónon |
τὼ πόνω tṑ pónō |
τοὺς πόνους toùs pónous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πόνε póne |
πόνω pónō |
πόνοι pónoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | πόνος pónos |
πόνω pónō |
πόνοι pónoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | πόνου / πονοῖο / πόνοιο / πονόο / πόνοο pónou / ponoîo / pónoio / ponóo / pónoo |
πόνοιῐν pónoiin |
πόνων pónōn | ||||||||||
Dative | πόνῳ pónōi |
πόνοιῐν pónoiin |
πόνοισῐ / πόνοισῐν / πόνοις pónoisi(n) / pónois | ||||||||||
Accusative | πόνον pónon |
πόνω pónō |
πόνους pónous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πόνε póne |
πόνω pónō |
πόνοι pónoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πονέομαι, πόνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1221
Further reading
[edit]- “πόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πόνος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πόνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πόνος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4192 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- affliction idem, page 17.
- disorder idem, page 235.
- distress idem, page 242.
- drudgery idem, page 254.
- effort idem, page 263.
- exertion idem, page 291.
- hardship idem, page 386.
- infirmity idem, page 438.
- labour idem, page 472.
- onus idem, page 574.
- product idem, page 645.
- strain idem, page 822.
- striving idem, page 827.
- struggle idem, page 828.
- suffering idem, page 835.
- task idem, page 856.
- toil idem, page 880.
- trial idem, page 893.
- trouble idem, page 897.
- tug idem, page 900.
- vigilance idem, page 951.
- work idem, page 988.
- wrench idem, page 992.
- “πόνος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek πόνος (pónos).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]πόνος • (pónos) m (plural πόνοι)
Declension
[edit]Declension of πόνος
Synonyms
[edit]- άλγος n (álgos)
Derived terms
[edit]- πονοκέφαλος m (ponokéfalos, “headache”)
- κεφαλόπονος m (kefalóponos, “headache”)
- πονόλαιμος m (ponólaimos, “sore throat”)
- πονόδοντος m (ponódontos, “toothache”)
- στομαχόπονος m (stomachóponos, “stomachache”)
- πονόκοιλος m (ponókoilos, “tummyache, bellyache”)
- κοιλόπονος m (koilóponos, “tummyache, bellyache”)
- παυσίπονο n (pafsípono, “pain killer”)
- πονόκαρδος (ponókardos, “heartache”, adjective)
- πονόψυχος (ponópsychos, “compassionate”, adjective)
- άπονος (áponos, “heartless”, adjective)
Related terms
[edit]- πονάω (ponáo, “to ache”)
Further reading
[edit]- πόνος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
- πόνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)penh₁-
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
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- el:Medicine
- Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'
- Greek phrasebook