шум

See also: шӱм

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʂum]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, nominative plural шу́мы, genitive plural шу́маў)

1. noise

Declension

Declension of шум (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	шум šum	шу́мы šúmy
genitive	шу́му šúmu	шу́маў šúmaŭ
dative	шу́му šúmu	шу́мам šúmam
accusative	шум šum	шу́мы šúmy
instrumental	шу́мам šúmam	шу́мамі šúmami
locative	шу́ме šúmje	шу́мах šúmax
count form	—	шу́мы1 šúmy1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃu̟m]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um

Noun

шум • (šum) m

1. noise, sound, noisiness
2. (medicine) murmur (as in cardiac murmur)
3. (figuratively) stir, to-do, fuss, tumult

Declension

Declension of шум

	singular	plural
indefinite	шум šum	шу́мове šúmove
definite (subject form)	шумъ́т šumǎ́t	шу́мовете šúmovete
definite (object form)	шума́ šumá
count form	—	шу́ма šúma

Komi-Yazva

Шум.

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *šöm. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian шом (šom), Komi-Permyak шом (šom) and Udmurt шум (šum).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃum/, [ˈʃ̺um]
• Rhymes: -um
• Hyphenation: шум

Noun

шум (šum)

1. coal

   Synonym: угөль (ugåľ)

References

• V. I. Lytkin (1961) Коми-язьвинский диалект [The Komi-Yazva dialect] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Издательство Академии наук СССР, page 200

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃum]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um

Noun

шум • (šum) m

1. noise

Declension

Declension of шум

	singular	plural
indefinite	шум	шумови
definite unspecified	шумот	шумовите
definite proximal	шумов	шумовиве
definite distal	шумон	шумовине
vocative	шуму	шумови
count form	—	шума

Derived terms

• шум на срце m (šum na srce)

Related terms

• шумлив (šumliv)
• шуми impf (šumi), шумка impf (šumka), шумоли impf (šumoli)

Russian

Alternative forms

• шумъ (šum) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʂum]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́ма, nominative plural шу́мы or шумы́^*, genitive plural шу́мов or шумо́в^*, diminutive шумо́к) (* Professional usage.)

1. noise, radio static
2. sound, murmur
3. uproar, din, blare, clamour, hubbub
4. whirr
5. sensation, stir, bustle

Declension

Declension of шум (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a/c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	шу́м šúm	шу́мы, шумы́* šúmy, šumý*
genitive	шу́ма šúma	шу́мов, шумо́в* šúmov, šumóv*
dative	шу́му šúmu	шу́мам, шума́м* šúmam, šumám*
accusative	шу́м šúm	шу́мы, шумы́* šúmy, šumý*
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom	шу́мами, шума́ми* šúmami, šumámi*
prepositional	шу́ме šúme	шу́мах, шума́х* šúmax, šumáx*
partitive	шу́му šúmu

^* Professional usage.

Related terms

• под шумо́к (pod šumók)
• шуме́ть (šumétʹ)
• шумливый (šumlivyj)
• шуми́ха (šumíxa)
• шу́мный (šúmnyj)
• шумо- (šumo-)
• шумово́й (šumovój)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: šumu

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃûːm/

Noun

шу̑м m (Latin spelling šȗm)

1. noise (sound or signal generated by random fluctuations)

Declension

Declension of шум

	singular	plural
nominative	шу̑м	шу́мови
genitive	шума	шумова
dative	шуму	шумовима
accusative	шум	шумове
vocative	шуме	шумови
locative	шуму	шумовима
instrumental	шумом	шумовима

Derived terms

• шу̑ман
• шу́ме̄ћӣ
• шу́мити
• шу́мјети
• шу̑мнӣк
• шу̑мно
• шу̏мор

Further reading

• “шум”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃum]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šumъ.

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, nominative plural шу́ми, genitive plural шу́мів)

1. noise

Declension

Declension of шум (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	шум šum	шу́ми šúmy
genitive	шу́му šúmu	шу́мів šúmiv
dative	шу́мові, шу́му šúmovi, šúmu	шу́мам šúmam
accusative	шум šum	шу́ми šúmy
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom	шу́мами šúmamy
locative	шу́мі šúmi	шу́мах šúmax
vocative	шу́ме šúme	шу́ми šúmy

Derived terms

• шу́мний (šúmnyj)
• шумли́вий (šumlývyj)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle High German schūm, from Old High German scūm, from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz. Cognate with English scum, German Schaum.

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, uncountable)

1. foam, froth

   Synonyms: пі́на (pína), пі́нка (pínka)

2. (rare) whirlpool

   Synonyms: коловоро́т (kolovorót), вир (vyr)

Declension

Declension of шум (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	шум šum
genitive	шу́му šúmu
dative	шу́мові, шу́му šúmovi, šúmu
accusative	шум šum
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom
locative	шу́му, шу́мі šúmu, šúmi
vocative	шу́ме šúme

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šuma.

Noun

шум • (šum) m inan (genitive шу́му, uncountable)

1. (archaic) forest, woods

   Synonym: ліс (lis)

2. A traditional Ukrainian dance.

Declension

Declension of шум (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	шум šum
genitive	шу́му šúmu
dative	шу́мові, шу́му šúmovi, šúmu
accusative	шум šum
instrumental	шу́мом šúmom
locative	шу́му, шу́мі šúmu, šúmi
vocative	шу́ме šúme

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “шум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “шум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “шум”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “шум”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)