कमल
Apabhramsa
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit कमल (kamala), from Sanskrit कमल (kamala).
Noun
[edit]Declension
[edit]Declension of कमल (neuter) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | कमलु (kamalu) | कमल (kamala) or कमलइं (kamalaïṃ) or कमलाइं (kamalāiṃ) |
Accusative | कमलु (kamalu) | कमल (kamala) or कमलइं (kamalaïṃ) or कमलाइं (kamalāiṃ) |
Instrumental | कमलें (kamaleṃ) or कमलेणं (kamaleṇaṃ) or कमलेण (kamaleṇa) | कमल (kamala) or कमलेहिं (kamalehiṃ) |
Dative | कमलहो (kamalaho) or कमलसु (kamalasu) or कमलस्सु (kamalassu) | कमलहं (kamalahaṃ) |
Ablative | कमलहे (kamalahe) or कमलहु (kamalahu) | कमलहुं (kamalahuṃ) |
Genitive | कमलहो (kamalaho) or कमलसु (kamalasu) or कमलस्सु (kamalassu) | कमलहं (kamalahaṃ) or कमलाणं (kamalāṇaṃ) or कमलाण (kamalāṇa) |
Locative | कमलि (kamali) or कमले (kamale) | कमलहिं (kamalahiṃ) |
Vocative | कमल (kamala) | कमलहो (kamalaho) |
Descendants
[edit]- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: කමල (kamala)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Western Indo-Aryan:
References
[edit]- ^ Naresh Kumar (1975) अपभ्रंश-हिंदी-कोश [apabhrañś-hindī-koś, Apabhraṁśa-Hindi Dictionary], Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India: Indo-Vision Private Limited, page 194, column 2
- ^ Dr. Kamalchand Sogani (2003) अपभ्रंश रचना सौरभ [apabhrañś racnā saurabh, Apabhramsa Grammar and Composition] (in Hindi), 2nd edition, Rajasthan: Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy, →OCLC, page 60
- ^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 136: “kamalu = kamalam”
Awadhi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit कमल (kamala).
Noun
[edit]कमल (kamal) m
Braj
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit कमल (kamala).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कमल (kamal) m
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit कमल (kamala). Doublet of कँवल (kãval).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कमल • (kamal) m (Urdu spelling کَمَل)
- Nelumbo nucifera; lotus
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:कमल
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → English: Kamal
References
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कमल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Old Gujarati
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Gurjara Apabhramsa कमल (kamala), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (kamala), from Sanskrit कमल (kamala), from Dravidian.[1]
Noun
[edit]कमल • (kamala) n
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ * Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kamala2”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ जयंत कोठारी [Jayant Kothari] (1995) “कमल”, in मध्यकालीन गुजराती शब्दकोश [Mediaeval Gujarati Dictionary], लालभाई दलपतभाईनो वंडो, पानकोरनाका, अहमदावाद ३८० ००१ [Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Road, Pankornaka, Ahmedabad 380 001]: कलिकालसर्वज्ञ श्री हेमचन्द्राचार्य नवम जन्मशताब्दी स्मृति संस्कार शिक्षण निधि [Kalikāla-Sarvajña Śrī Hemacandrācārya Navama Janma-Śatābdī Smṛti Saṃskāra Śikṣaṇa Nidhi], page ८९, column 2.
Pali
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Noun
[edit]कमल n
- Devanagari script form of kamala (“lotus”)
Declension
[edit]Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | कमलं (kamalaṃ) | कमलानि (kamalāni) |
Accusative (second) | कमलं (kamalaṃ) | कमलानि (kamalāni) |
Instrumental (third) | कमलेन (kamalena) | कमलेहि (kamalehi) or कमलेभि (kamalebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | कमलस्स (kamalassa) or कमलाय (kamalāya) or कमलत्थं (kamalatthaṃ) | कमलानं (kamalānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | कमलस्मा (kamalasmā) or कमलम्हा (kamalamhā) or कमला (kamalā) | कमलेहि (kamalehi) or कमलेभि (kamalebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | कमलस्स (kamalassa) | कमलानं (kamalānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | कमलस्मिं (kamalasmiṃ) or कमलम्हि (kamalamhi) or कमले (kamale) | कमलेसु (kamalesu) |
Vocative (calling) | कमल (kamala) | कमलानि (kamalāni) |
Prakrit
[edit]Noun
[edit]कमल (kamala) n
- Devanagari script form of 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (“lotus”)
- c. 1000 – 1100, Abdur Rahman, Sandeśa-Rāsaka 4:[1]
- तह तणओ कुल-कमलो पाइय-कव्वेसु गीय-विसयेसु ।
अद्दहमाण-पसिद्धो संनेहयरासयं रइयं ॥ ४ ॥- taha taṇao kula-kamalo pāiya-kavvesu gīya-visayesu .
addahamāṇa-pasiddho saṃnehayarāsayaṃ raïyaṃ . 4 . - 4.[2] [Mirasena’s] son, who was like a lotus to his family, was famously known as Addahamāṇa for his Prakrit poems and musical compositions.
He has composed this Sandeśarāsaka.
- taha taṇao kula-kamalo pāiya-kavvesu gīya-visayesu .
- तह तणओ कुल-कमलो पाइय-कव्वेसु गीय-विसयेसु ।
Declension
[edit]Maharastri declension of कमल (neuter) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | कमलं (kamalaṃ) | कमलाइं (kamalāiṃ) or कमलाइ (kamalāi) |
Accusative | कमलं (kamalaṃ) | कमलाइं (kamalāiṃ) or कमलाइ (kamalāi) |
Instrumental | कमलेण (kamaleṇa) or कमलेणं (kamaleṇaṃ) | कमलेहि (kamalehi) or कमलेहिं (kamalehiṃ) |
Dative | कमलाअ (kamalāa) | — |
Ablative | कमलाओ (kamalāo) or कमलाउ (kamalāu) or कमला (kamalā) or कमलाहि (kamalāhi) or कमलाहिंतो (kamalāhiṃto) | — |
Genitive | कमलस्स (kamalassa) | कमलाण (kamalāṇa) or कमलाणं (kamalāṇaṃ) |
Locative | कमलम्मि (kamalammi) or कमले (kamale) | कमलेसु (kamalesu) or कमलेसुं (kamalesuṃ) |
Vocative | कमल (kamala) or कमला (kamalā) | कमलाइं (kamalāiṃ) or कमलाइ (kamalāi) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- কমল (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬫᬮ (Balinese script)
- কমল (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰦𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ကမလ (Burmese script)
- કમલ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਮਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌮𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦩꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂧𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಮಲ (Kannada script)
- កមល (Khmer script)
- ກມລ (Lao script)
- കമല (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘦𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧆𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐩𑐮 (Newa script)
- କମଲ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢪꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆩𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖦𑖩 (Siddham script)
- කමල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩴𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚢𑚥 (Takri script)
- கமல (Tamil script)
- కమల (Telugu script)
- กมล (Thai script)
- ཀ་མ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒧𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨢𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Kannada ಕೊಮಳೆ (komaḷe, “lotus”).[3][4][5] Related to कुवलय (kuvalaya, “water lily”), borrowed from a different Dravidian form of the same root; compare Tamil குவளை (kuvaḷai, “blue lotus”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]कमल • (kamala) stem, m or n
- a lotus, lotus flower (especially the species Nelumbo nucifera)
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of कमल (kamala) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कमलः kamalaḥ |
कमलौ / कमला¹ kamalau / kamalā¹ |
कमलाः / कमलासः¹ kamalāḥ / kamalāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | कमल kamala |
कमलौ / कमला¹ kamalau / kamalā¹ |
कमलाः / कमलासः¹ kamalāḥ / kamalāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | कमलम् kamalam |
कमलौ / कमला¹ kamalau / kamalā¹ |
कमलान् kamalān |
Instrumental | कमलेन kamalena |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalābhyām |
कमलैः / कमलेभिः¹ kamalaiḥ / kamalebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कमलाय kamalāya |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalābhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalebhyaḥ |
Ablative | कमलात् kamalāt |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalābhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalebhyaḥ |
Genitive | कमलस्य kamalasya |
कमलयोः kamalayoḥ |
कमलानाम् kamalānām |
Locative | कमले kamale |
कमलयोः kamalayoḥ |
कमलेषु kamaleṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of कमल (kamala) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कमलम् kamalam |
कमले kamale |
कमलानि / कमला¹ kamalāni / kamalā¹ |
Vocative | कमल kamala |
कमले kamale |
कमलानि / कमला¹ kamalāni / kamalā¹ |
Accusative | कमलम् kamalam |
कमले kamale |
कमलानि / कमला¹ kamalāni / kamalā¹ |
Instrumental | कमलेन kamalena |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalābhyām |
कमलैः / कमलेभिः¹ kamalaiḥ / kamalebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कमलाय kamalāya |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalābhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalebhyaḥ |
Ablative | कमलात् kamalāt |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalābhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalebhyaḥ |
Genitive | कमलस्य kamalasya |
कमलयोः kamalayoḥ |
कमलानाम् kamalānām |
Locative | कमले kamale |
कमलयोः kamalayoḥ |
कमलेषु kamaleṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]कमल • (kamalá) stem
Usage notes
[edit]Mayrhofer (1992)'s accentuation of the adjective meaning “pale red”: kamalá-, is the one found in the texts. Monier Williams, Otto Böhtlingk, and Mayrhofer (1956)'s version kámala- is wrong.
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of कमल (kamalá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कमलः kamaláḥ |
कमलौ / कमला¹ kamalaú / kamalā́¹ |
कमलाः / कमलासः¹ kamalā́ḥ / kamalā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | कमल kámala |
कमलौ / कमला¹ kámalau / kámalā¹ |
कमलाः / कमलासः¹ kámalāḥ / kámalāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | कमलम् kamalám |
कमलौ / कमला¹ kamalaú / kamalā́¹ |
कमलान् kamalā́n |
Instrumental | कमलेन kamaléna |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलैः / कमलेभिः¹ kamalaíḥ / kamalébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कमलाय kamalā́ya |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalébhyaḥ |
Ablative | कमलात् kamalā́t |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalébhyaḥ |
Genitive | कमलस्य kamalásya |
कमलयोः kamaláyoḥ |
कमलानाम् kamalā́nām |
Locative | कमले kamalé |
कमलयोः kamaláyoḥ |
कमलेषु kamaléṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of कमला (kamalā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कमला kamalā́ |
कमले kamalé |
कमलाः kamalā́ḥ |
Vocative | कमले kámale |
कमले kámale |
कमलाः kámalāḥ |
Accusative | कमलाम् kamalā́m |
कमले kamalé |
कमलाः kamalā́ḥ |
Instrumental | कमलया / कमला¹ kamaláyā / kamalā́¹ |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलाभिः kamalā́bhiḥ |
Dative | कमलायै kamalā́yai |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलाभ्यः kamalā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | कमलायाः / कमलायै² kamalā́yāḥ / kamalā́yai² |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलाभ्यः kamalā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | कमलायाः / कमलायै² kamalā́yāḥ / kamalā́yai² |
कमलयोः kamaláyoḥ |
कमलानाम् kamalā́nām |
Locative | कमलायाम् kamalā́yām |
कमलयोः kamaláyoḥ |
कमलासु kamalā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of कमल (kamalá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कमलम् kamalám |
कमले kamalé |
कमलानि / कमला¹ kamalā́ni / kamalā́¹ |
Vocative | कमल kámala |
कमले kámale |
कमलानि / कमला¹ kámalāni / kámalā¹ |
Accusative | कमलम् kamalám |
कमले kamalé |
कमलानि / कमला¹ kamalā́ni / kamalā́¹ |
Instrumental | कमलेन kamaléna |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलैः / कमलेभिः¹ kamalaíḥ / kamalébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कमलाय kamalā́ya |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalébhyaḥ |
Ablative | कमलात् kamalā́t |
कमलाभ्याम् kamalā́bhyām |
कमलेभ्यः kamalébhyaḥ |
Genitive | कमलस्य kamalásya |
कमलयोः kamaláyoḥ |
कमलानाम् kamalā́nām |
Locative | कमले kamalé |
कमलयोः kamaláyoḥ |
कमलेषु kamaléṣu |
Notes |
|
Etymology 3
[edit]If the meaning is correct, from कम् (kam, “to desire, love”).[6]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]कमल • (kamála) stem
References
[edit]- ^ Muni Jinavijaya, Harivallabh Bhayani (1945) सन्देश रासक [sandeśa rāsaka] (Singhi Jain Series), 1st edition, Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, →OCLC, page ३
- ^ Harivallabh Bhayani (1999) Samdesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana (Prakrit Text Series), 1st edition, Ahmedabad: Prakrit Text Society, page 57
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “kamala-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 58
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kamalá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 305
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) “kamalam”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 160
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kamála-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][4] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 305f.
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “कमल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0252.
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कमल”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kamala2”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “kamala”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apabhramsa terms derived from Sanskrit
- Apabhramsa terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Apabhramsa terms derived from Prakrit
- Apabhramsa terms inherited from Prakrit
- Apabhramsa terms derived from Dravidian languages
- Apabhramsa lemmas
- Apabhramsa nouns
- Apabhramsa nouns in Devanagari script
- Apabhramsa neuter nouns
- inc-apa:Flowers
- Awadhi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Awadhi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Awadhi lemmas
- Awadhi nouns
- Awadhi masculine nouns
- awa:Flowers
- Braj terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Braj terms derived from Sanskrit
- Braj terms with IPA pronunciation
- Braj lemmas
- Braj nouns
- Braj masculine nouns
- Braj terms with quotations
- bra:Flowers
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- hi:Flowers
- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Gurjara Apabhramsa
- Old Gujarati terms derived from Gurjara Apabhramsa
- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Old Gujarati terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Old Gujarati terms derived from Sanskrit
- Old Gujarati terms derived from Dravidian languages
- Old Gujarati lemmas
- Old Gujarati nouns
- Old Gujarati neuter nouns
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali neuter nouns
- Prakrit lemmas
- Prakrit nouns
- Prakrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Prakrit neuter nouns
- Prakrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit terms borrowed from Dravidian languages
- Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit nouns with multiple genders
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit terms with uncertain meaning
- sa:Nymphaeales order plants
- sa:Colors