कर्कट

See also: क्रिकेट

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

কৰ্কট (Assamese script)
ᬓᬃᬓᬝ (Balinese script)
কর্কট (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰎𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀓𑀝 (Brahmi script)
ကရ်္ကဋ (Burmese script)
કર્કટ (Gujarati script)
ਕਰ੍ਕਟ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌟 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦂꦏꦛ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂍𑂗 (Kaithi script)
ಕರ್ಕಟ (Kannada script)
កក៌ដ (Khmer script)
ກຣ຺ກຏ (Lao script)
കര്കട (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᡵᡬᠠᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘎𑘘 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᠷᢉᠠᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦮𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐎𑐚 (Newa script)
କର୍କଟ (Odia script)
ꢒꢬ꣄ꢒꢜ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆛 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖎𑖘 (Siddham script)
කර්‍කට (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩜𑩦 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚊𑚔 (Takri script)
கர்கட (Tamil script)
కర్కట (Telugu script)
กรฺกฏ (Thai script)
ཀ་རྐ་ཊ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒏𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨋𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karkartas, according to Pokorny, related to कर्कर (karkara, “hard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”) (see also Welsh crach (“crust”), Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish”)). Latin cancer and Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”) could also be related, but this is uncertain.

More likely from a substrate language, and possibly cognate with Santali ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ (kaṭkôm); however, this is uncertain, as the latter could also be from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam. However, the Santali word is definitely not borrowed from Sanskrit; and a borrowing from Munda languages into Sanskrit is not verifiable.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

Noun

कर्कट • (karkaṭa) stem, m

crab
(astrology) the sign Cancer
a particular bird
(botany) name of several plants (clarification of this definition is needed)
the fibrous root of a plant
the curved end of the beam of a balance (to which the strings supporting the scale are attached)
a pair of compasses in a particular position
a particular position of the hands
a kind of fever
a kind of coitus

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्कट (karkaṭa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्कटः karkaṭaḥ	कर्कटौ / कर्कटा¹ karkaṭau / karkaṭā¹	कर्कटाः / कर्कटासः¹ karkaṭāḥ / karkaṭāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कर्कट karkaṭa	कर्कटौ / कर्कटा¹ karkaṭau / karkaṭā¹	कर्कटाः / कर्कटासः¹ karkaṭāḥ / karkaṭāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कर्कटम् karkaṭam	कर्कटौ / कर्कटा¹ karkaṭau / karkaṭā¹	कर्कटान् karkaṭān
Instrumental	कर्कटेन karkaṭena	कर्कटाभ्याम् karkaṭābhyām	कर्कटैः / कर्कटेभिः¹ karkaṭaiḥ / karkaṭebhiḥ¹
Dative	कर्कटाय karkaṭāya	कर्कटाभ्याम् karkaṭābhyām	कर्कटेभ्यः karkaṭebhyaḥ
Ablative	कर्कटात् karkaṭāt	कर्कटाभ्याम् karkaṭābhyām	कर्कटेभ्यः karkaṭebhyaḥ
Genitive	कर्कटस्य karkaṭasya	कर्कटयोः karkaṭayoḥ	कर्कटानाम् karkaṭānām
Locative	कर्कटे karkaṭe	कर्कटयोः karkaṭayoḥ	कर्कटेषु karkaṭeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Tirahi: [script needed] (kaṅgarā́)
Southern:
- Helu Prakrit:
  - Sinhalese: කකුළුවා (kakuḷuwā)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)
  - Old Marathi:
    - Marathi: खेकडा (khekḍā)
Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)
  - Early Assamese: কাঙ্কৰা (kaṅkora)
    - Middle Assamese: কঁকৰা (kõkora)
      - Assamese: কেঁকোৰা (kẽküra), কাঁক্ৰা (kãkra) (Kamrupi dialect)
    - → Bodo (India): खांख्राय (kangkray)
    - → Dimasa: khangkrai
  - Old Bengali: কাংকডা (kāṃkaḍā)
    - Middle Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkoṛa)
      - Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkṛa)
  - Kamta: কাঁকৰা (kãkora)
  - Odia: କାଂକଡ଼ା (kāṅkaṛā), କାକାଡ଼ା (kākāṛā)
  - Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠇꠠꠣ (xaxoṛa)
Pali: kakkaṭaka
- → Khmer: កក្កដា (kakkaʼdaa)
Central:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: केकड़ (kekaṛ), केकड़ा (kekṛā)
    - Urdu: کےکَڑ (kekaṛ), کیکڑا
  - Punjabi: ਕੇਕੜਾ (kekṛā)
    - Lahnda: [script needed] (kakkaṛ)
Western:
- Sindhi:
  - Devanagari script: केकड़ो
  - Arabic script: ڪڪڙ
→ Bengali: কর্কট (korkoṭ)
→ Dhivehi: ކަރުކަށަ (karukaṣa)
→ Telugu: కర్కటము (karkaṭamu)
→ Thai: กรกฎ (gɔɔ-rá-gòt)
→ Tibetan: ཀརྐ་ཊ (krka ṭa)
→ Burmese: ကရကဋ် (ka.ra.kat)
→ Classical Newar: कखडि
- Newar: कःलि (ka:li)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कर्कट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0256.
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag