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U+4E5D, 九
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5D

[U+4E5C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E5E]
U+3228, ㈨
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH NINE

[U+3227]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3229]
U+3288, ㊈
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NINE

[U+3287]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3289]

Translingual

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Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 5, +1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN), four-corner 40017, composition )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 167
  • Dae Jaweon: page 168, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 48, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E5D

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
alternative forms financial
𠔀
𢌬
𣲄
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Classical)
  • 9 (Eastern Min)
  • 9 (Southern Min)
The number nine in Chinese number gestures

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble (shǒu), (cùn). The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written (OC *tkuʔ).

After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gāu - vernacular;
  • giū - literary.
Note:
  • gao3 - vernacular;
  • giu3 - literary.
Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kiú - literary.
Note:
  • gao2 - vernacular;
  • giu2 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kiuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuwX/
Li
Rong
/kiuX/
Wang
Li
/kĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]uʔ/
English nine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6941
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kuʔ/

Definitions

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  1. nine
  2. (figurative) many
  3. (weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice
    • [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      From: “The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song
      jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔjiǔ bīng shàng zǒu. [Pinyin]
      In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.
  4. (Cantonese, minced oath, euphemistic) Synonym of (gau1, penis)
See also
[edit]
  • (gōu) (in radio communications)
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫小写)
, , , , ,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
百萬百万,
(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines)
亿 (Taiwan)
萬億万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫大写)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (ku); (きゅう) (kyū)
  • Korean: 구(九) (gu)
  • Vietnamese: cửu ()

Others:

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to gather; to assemble”).
(This character is an obsolete form of ).

Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  8 9 10  > 
    Cardinal :

Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. nine

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
きゅう
Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC kjuwX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Borrowed after palatalization occurred in Middle Chinese. Compare modern Hakka (giu3).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) きゅ [kyúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [kʲɨː]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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(きゅう) (kyūきう (kiu)?

  1. nine

Noun

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(きゅう) (kyūきう (kiu)?

  1. nine
  2. : an indeterminate large number, a myriad, a great many
  3. (divination) the number of yang, in opposition to (roku, six) as the number of yin

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling

From Early Middle Chinese (MC kjuwX). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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() (ku

  1. nine
  2. ninth
Usage notes
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  • Sometimes considered unlucky due to being homophonous with (ku, suffering).

Noun

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() (ku

  1. nine
  2. the ninth

Coordinate terms

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Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular (れい) (rei)
(ゼロ) (zero)
(いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (よん) (yon)
() (shi)
() (go) (ろく) (roku) (なな) (nana)
(しち) (shichi)
(はち) (hachi) (きゅう) (kyū)
() (ku)
(じゅう) ()
Formal (いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (じゅう) ()
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular (きゅう)(じゅう) (kyūjū) (ひゃく) (hyaku)
(いっ)(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)
(さん)(びゃく) (sanbyaku) (ろっ)(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) (はっ)(ぴゃく) (happyaku) (せん) (sen)
(いっ)(せん) (issen)
(さん)(ぜん) (sanzen) (はっ)(せん) (hassen) (いち)(まん) (ichiman) (いち)(おく) (ichioku)
Formal (いち)(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
(いっ)(ちょう) (itchō) (はっ)(ちょう) (hatchō) (じゅっ)(ちょう) (jutchō) (いっ)(けい) (ikkei) (ろっ)(けい) (rokkei) (はっ)(けい) (hakkei) (じゅっ)(けい) (jukkei) (ひゃっ)(けい) (hyakkei)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ここの
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese from Proto-Japonic *kəkənə.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[2]

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(ここの) (kokono

  1. nine

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
この
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/kokono//kono/

Abbreviation of Old Japanese (kokono, nine).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(この) (kono

  1. nine
    ひい、ふう、みい、…なな、やあ、この、とお
    hī, fū, mī,…nana, yā, kono, tō
    one, two, three, ... seven, eight, nine, ten
Usage notes
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  • Generally only used when counting out loud, as in the example above. In writing, usually found spelled out in hiragana as この to make the reading unambiguous.

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Further reading

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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Korean numbers (edit)
90
 ←  8 9 10  → 
    Native isol.: 아홉 (ahop)
    Native attr.: 아홉 (ahop)
    Sino-Korean: (gu)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 아홉째 (ahopjjae)

From Middle Chinese (MC kjuwX).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 아홉 (ahop gu))

  1. hanja form? of (nine)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Related to Middle Chinese (MC kjiwX).

Hanja

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(eumhun 모을 (mo'eul gyu))

  1. (archaic) hanja form? of (to gather; to collect)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: cửu[1][2]
: Nôm readings: cửu[1][3][4]

  1. Chữ Hán form of cửu (nine).

Derived terms

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References

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Zhuang

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Noun

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  1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (head; headhair)