理論

See also: 理论

Chinese

	to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure	to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)
trad. (理論)	理	論
simp. (理论)	理	论
anagram	論理／论理

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lǐlùn

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лилун (lilun, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵ leon⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lî-lun
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lí-lūn

(Teochew, Peng'im): li² lung⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐlùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐlùn
  - Wade–Giles: li³-lun⁴
  - Yale: lǐ-lwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiluenn
  - Palladius: лилунь (lilunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лилун (lilun, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴ luŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁵ leon⁶
  - Yale: léih leuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵ loen⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵ lên⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî-lun
  - Hakka Romanization System: li^ˊ lun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li¹ lun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-lūn
  - Tâi-lô: lí-lūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lylun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li² lung⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí lŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: liX lwon|lwonH

Rime
Character	理	論	論
Reading #	1/1	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	良士切	盧昆切	盧困切
Baxter	liX	lwon	lwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨ^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨ^X/	/luon/	/luon^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lie^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨ^X/	/lwən/	/lwən^H/
Li Rong	/liə^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Wang Li	/lĭə^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li^X/	/luən/	/luən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	lún	lùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁵	leon⁴	leon⁶

Noun

理論

(mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory
馬克思主義理論／马克思主义理论 ― mǎkèsīzhǔyì lǐlùn ― Marxist theory
theory (as opposed to practice)
reason

Synonyms

(theory):

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學說／学说 (xuéshuō)
理念 (lǐniàn)
理想 (lǐxiǎng) (literary)
說／说 (literary, or in compounds)
論理／论理 (lùnlǐ)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “theory”): 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)

Derived terms

功能翻譯理論／功能翻译理论 (gōngnéng fānyì lǐlùn)
大霹靂理論／大霹雳理论 (Dàpīlì Lǐlùn)
弦理論／弦理论 (xiánlǐlùn)
心智理論／心智理论 (xīnzhì lǐlùn)
批判理論／批判理论 (pīpàn lǐlùn)
文學理論／文学理论 (wénxué lǐlùn)
文藝理論／文艺理论 (wényì lǐlùn)
樂理／乐理 (yuèlǐ)
混沌理論／混沌理论 (hùndùn lǐlùn)
理論上／理论上 (lǐlùnshàng)
理論家／理论家 (lǐlùnjiā)
目的性理論／目的性理论 (mùdìxìng lǐlùn)
突變理論／突变理论 (tūbiàn lǐlùn)
賽局理論／赛局理论 (sàijú lǐlùn)
酷兒理論／酷儿理论 (kù'ér lǐlùn)
音樂理論／音乐理论 (yīnyuè lǐlùn)

Verb

理論

to debate; to argue (with)
to reason things out; to judge between right and wrong
(obsolete) to look after; to tend; to be in charge of

Synonyms

(to debate):

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分說／分说 (fēnshuō) (literary)
分辯／分辩 (fēnbiàn)
力爭／力争 (lìzhēng)
反駁／反驳 (fǎnbó)
急聒 (jíguō) (literary)
扳 (literary, or in compounds)
批駁／批驳 (pībó)
爭執／争执 (zhēngzhí)
爭持／争持 (zhēngchí)
爭論／争论 (zhēnglùn)
爭議／争议 (zhēngyì)
爭辯／争辩 (zhēngbiàn)
痛斥 (tòngchì) (as a denouncement)
盤喙錦／盘喙锦 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
盤話／盘话
相拗 (Hakka)
相諍／相诤 (Hokkien)
相諍相拁／相诤相拁 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
紛爭／纷争 (fēnzhēng)
聲辯／声辩 (shēngbiàn)
計較／计较
諍喙／诤喙 (Hokkien)
論戰／论战 (lùnzhàn)
論爭／论争 (lùnzhēng)
較量／较量 (jiàoliàng)
辯嘴／辩嘴 (bìng-cṳ̌) (Northern Min)
辯白／辩白 (biànbái)
辯解／辩解 (biànjiě) (to try to defend oneself)
辯論／辩论 (biànlùn)
辯護／辩护 (biànhù)
辯駁／辩驳 (biànbó)
駁斥／驳斥 (bóchì) (as a denouncement)
駁議／驳议 (bóyì) (literary)

(to reason things out):

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評理／评理 (pínglǐ)
說明道理／说明道理 (shuōmíng dàolǐ)
說理／说理 (shuōlǐ)

(to look after):

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呵護／呵护 (hēhù)
帶量／带量 (dàiliàng) (literary)
招呼 (zhāohū)
照應／照应 (zhàoying)
照拂 (zhàofú)
照料 (zhàoliào)
照理 (zhàolǐ) (literary)
照看 (zhàokàn)
照管 (zhàoguǎn)
照顧／照顾 (zhàogù)
看管 (kānguǎn)
觀顧／观顾 (Hokkien)
調理／调理 (tiáolǐ)
關照／关照 (guānzhào)

Adjective

理論

(attributive) theoretical
理論框架／理论框架 ― lǐlùn kuàngjià ― theoretical framework

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (理論):

→ Japanese: 理(り)論(ろん) (riron)
→ Korean: 이론(理論) (iron)
→ Vietnamese: lý luận (理論)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
理	論
り Grade: 2	ろん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Noun

理(り)論(ろん) • (riron)

a theory

Derived terms

理(り)論(ろん)的(てき) (rironteki): (adnominal) theoretical
理(り)論(ろん)的(てき)に (rironteki ni): (adv.) theoretically
理論的(りろんてき)には (rironteki ni wa): (adv.) theoretically speaking
理論上(りろんじょう) (rironjō): (adv.) theoretically
グラフ理論(りろん) (gurafu riron)
理論家(りろんか) (rironka): theorist
理論化学(りろんかがく) (rironkagaku): theoretical chemistry
理論空燃比(りろんくうねんひ) (rironkūnenhi)
理論体系(りろんたいけい) (rirontaikei)
理論値(りろんち) (rironchi)
理論(りろん)づける (rironzukeru), 理論付(りろんづ)ける (rironzukeru)
理論哲学(りろんてつがく) (rirontetsugaku): theoretical philosophy
理論闘争(りろんとうそう) (rirontōsō): theoretical dispute
理論武装(りろんぶそう) (rironbusō)
理論物理学(りろんぶつりがく) (rironbutsurigaku): theoretical physics

Anagrams

論理(ろんり) (ronri)

Korean

Hanja in this term
理	論

Noun

理論 • (iron) (hangeul 이론)

hanja form^? of 이론 (“theory”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
理	論

Noun

理論

chữ Hán form of lí luận (“theory”).