ꜥr

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: ar

Noun

 m

1. rush reed
2. (reed) pen

Inflection

Declension of ꜥr (masculine)

singular	ꜥr
dual	ꜥrwj
plural	ꜥrw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥr  

ꜥr	ꜥrw	ꜥrj	ꜥr
[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Related terms

• ꜥrt

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʕil/ → /ʕil/ → /ʕel/ → /ʕel/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕil/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕil/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕel/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕel/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: ar

Noun

 m

1. pebble, including as used as a game piece [since the Middle Kingdom]
2. pit, stone of a fruit [Medical papyri]

Inflection

Declension of ꜥr (masculine)

singular	ꜥr
dual	ꜥrwj
plural	ꜥrw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥr  

ꜥr	ꜥr	ꜥꜣnwrw	ꜥꜣjrrw
[Middle Kingdom]	[Medical Papyri]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]
		in hieratic	in hieratic

Derived terms

• *ꜥr n pt

Descendants

• Demotic: ꜥl
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲗ (el)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

Etymology 3

From jꜥr (“to ascend”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: ar

Noun

 m

1. stairway [Theban royal tombs and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of ꜥr (masculine)

singular	ꜥr
dual	ꜥrwj
plural	ꜥrw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥr  

ꜥr	ꜥr
[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	abbreviation

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: ar

Noun

 m

1. (rare) goat [since the Medical Papyri]

Inflection

Declension of ꜥr (masculine)

singular	ꜥr
dual	ꜥrwj
plural	ꜥrw

References

• “ꜥr (lemma ID 39160)”, “ꜥr (lemma ID 39180)”, “ꜥr (lemma ID 39150)”, and “ꜥr (lemma ID 39170)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 208.3–208.7, 208.10–208.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 45