사

See also: -사 and 仆

사 U+C0AC, 사 HANGUL SYLLABLE SA Composition: ㅅ + ㅏ ← 삫 [U+C0AB] Hangul Syllables 삭 → [U+C0AD]

㈔ U+3214, ㈔ PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS A ← ㈓ [U+3213] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈕ → [U+3215]

㉴ U+3274, ㉴ CIRCLED HANGUL SIOS A ← ㉳ [U+3273] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉵ → [U+3275]

사삭삮삯산삱삲 삳살삵삶삷삸삹 삺삻삼삽삾삿샀 상샂샃샄샅샆샇
삐 ←	→ 새

Korean

Etymology 1

Korean numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Native isol.: 넷 (net)     Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo)     Sino-Korean: 사 (sa)     Hanja: 四     Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae)

Sino-Korean word from 四.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sā

Numeral

사 • (sa) (hanja 四)

1. (Sino-Korean numeral) four

   Synonyms: 네 (ne, “four”, determiner native numeral), 넷 (net, “four”, nominal native numeral)

Usage notes

This numeral is sometimes considered unlucky because 사(四) (sa) is homophonous with 사(死) (sa), the hanja for "death". This is common throughout East Asia.

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 社.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sa

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 社)

1. (formal) company

   Synonym: 회사(會社) (hoesa)

   그는 사를 나왔다. ― Geu-neun sa-reul nawatda. ― He left the company.

Suffix

—사 • (-sa) (hanja 社)

1. Short for 회사(會社) (hoesa, “company”).

   ‎신문(新聞) (sinmun, “newspaper”) + ‎사(社) (sa) → ‎신문사(新聞社) (sinmunsa, “newspaper agency”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 社 for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (社, sa).

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 死.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sā

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 死)

1. (literary) death

   Antonym: 생(生) (saeng, “life”)

   생과 사의 문제 ― saeng-gwa sa-ui munje ― The question of life and death

   • 1926, 김우진／金祐鎭<t:Kim Woo-jin>, 死(사)와 生(생)의 理(이)論(론) [A theory on life and death]:

     아니요. 그러나 死(사)를 바래고 잇소.

     Aniyo. Geureona sareul baraego itso.

     No. But, I am wishing for death.

Counter

사 • (sa) (hanja 死)

1. (baseball) out

Derived terms

• 사(死)하다 (sahada)
• See the hanja entry at 死 for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (死, sa).

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 私.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sa

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 私)

1. private or personal affair

   Antonym: 공(公) (gong)

   공과 사를 구분하다 ― gong-gwa sa-reul gubun-hada ― to distinguish what belongs to one's private and public/business life

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 私 for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (私, sa).

Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 史.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sā

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 史)

1. (formal) history

   Synonym: 역사(歷史) (yeoksa)

Suffix

—사 • (-sa) (hanja 史)

1. history

   ‎한국(韓國) (Han'guk, “Korea”) + ‎사(史) (sa) → ‎한국사(韓國史) (han'guksa, “Korean history”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 史 for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (史, sa).

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sa

Noun

사 • (sa)

1. sol (musical note)

Etymology 7

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

사 (sa)

More information

1. 四: four

   (eumhun reading: 넉 사 (neok sa))
   (MC reading: 四 (MC sijH))

2. 巳:

   (MC reading: 巳 (MC yiX|ziX|yiH))

3. 士: scholar; gentleman; soldier

   (eumhun reading: 선비 사 (seonbi sa))
   (MC reading: 士 (MC dzriX))

4. 仕: serve; official

   (eumhun reading: 섬길 사 (seomgil sa))
   (MC reading: 仕 (MC dzriX))

5. 寺: temple

   (eumhun reading: 절 사 (jeol sa))
   (MC reading: 寺 (MC ziH))

6. 史: history

   (eumhun reading: 사기 사 (sagi sa))
   (MC reading: 史 (MC sriX))

7. 使: to use, to employ; envoy

   (eumhun reading: 부릴 사 (buril sa))
   (MC reading: 使 (MC sriX|sriH))

8. 舍: house; residence

   (eumhun reading: 집 사 (jip sa))
   (MC reading: 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH))

9. 射: to shoot

   (eumhun reading: 쏠 사 (ssol sa))
   (MC reading: 射 (MC yaeH|zyaeH))

10. 謝: apologize

    (eumhun reading: 사례할 사 (saryehal sa))
    (MC reading: 謝 (MC zjaeH))

11. 師: teacher, master; (military) division, army

    (eumhun reading: 스승 사 (seuseung sa))
    (MC reading: 師 (MC srij))

12. 死: death

    (eumhun reading: 죽을 사 (jugeul sa))
    (MC reading: 死 (MC sijX))

13. 私: private, personal

    (eumhun reading: 사사 사 (sasa sa))
    (MC reading: 私 (MC sij))

14. 絲:

    (MC reading: 絲 (MC si))

15. 思: to think; thought; to yearn for

    (eumhun reading: 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))
    (MC reading: 思 (MC si|siH))

16. 事: thing; matter

    (eumhun reading: 일 사 (il sa))
    (MC reading: 事 (MC tsriH|dzriH))

17. 司:

    (MC reading: 司 (MC si))

18. 詞: word

    (eumhun reading: 말 사 (mal sa))
    (MC reading: 詞 (MC zi))

19. 蛇: long snake

    (eumhun reading: 긴 뱀 사 (gin baem sa))
    (MC reading: 蛇 (MC zyae))

20. 捨:

    (MC reading: 捨 (MC syaeX))

21. 邪:

    (MC reading: 邪 (MC yae|zjae))

22. 賜:

    (MC reading: 賜 (MC sjeH))

23. 斜: aslant

    (eumhun reading: 비낄 사 (bikkil sa))
    (MC reading: 斜 (MC yae|zjae))

24. 詐:

    (MC reading: 詐 (MC tsraeH))

25. 社: company; social

    (eumhun reading: 모일 사 (moil sa))
    (MC reading: 社 (MC dzyaeX))

26. 沙: sand

    (eumhun reading: 모래 사 (morae sa))
    (MC reading: 沙 (MC srae|sraeH))

27. 似:

    (MC reading: 似 (MC ziX))

28. 査: investigate, inspect

    (eumhun reading: 조사할 사 (josahal sa))
    (MC reading: 査 (MC dzrea|dzrae))

29. 寫: copy

    (eumhun reading: 베낄 사 (bekkil sa))
    (MC reading: 寫 (MC sjaeX))

30. 辭:

    (MC reading: 辭 (MC zi))

31. 斯:

    (MC reading: 斯 (MC sje))

32. 祀:

    (MC reading: 祀 (MC ziX))

33. 泗:

    (MC reading: 泗 (MC sijH))

34. 砂:

    (MC reading: 砂 (MC srae))

35. 糸: Alternative form of 絲

    (MC reading: 糸 (MC mek))

36. 紗:

    (MC reading: 紗 (MC srae))

37. 娑:

    (MC reading: 娑 (MC sa|saX))

38. 徙:

    (MC reading: 徙 (MC sjeX))

39. 奢:

    (MC reading: 奢 (MC syae))

40. 嗣:

    (MC reading: 嗣 (MC ziH))

41. 赦:

    (MC reading: 赦 (MC syaeH))

42. 乍: (for) a short time

    (eumhun reading: 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))
    (MC reading: 乍 (MC dzraeH))

43. 些:

    (MC reading: 些 (MC sjae|saH))

44. 伺:

    (MC reading: 伺 (MC si|siH))

45. 俟:

    (MC reading: 俟 (MC zriX))

46. 僿:

    (MC reading: 僿 (MC syiH))

47. 唆:

    (MC reading: 唆 (MC swa))

48. 柶:

    (MC reading: 柶 (MC sijH))

49. 梭:

    (MC reading: 梭 (MC swa))

50. 渣:

    (MC reading: 渣 (MC tsrae))

51. 瀉:

    (MC reading: 瀉 (MC sjaeX|sjaeH))

52. 獅: lion

    (eumhun reading: 사자 사 (saja sa))
    (MC reading: 獅 (MC srij))

53. 祠:

    (MC reading: 祠 (MC zi))

54. 肆:

    (MC reading: 肆 (MC sijH))

55. 莎:

    (MC reading: 莎 (MC swa))

56. 蓑:

    (MC reading: 蓑 (MC swa))

57. 裟:

    (MC reading: 裟 (MC srae))

58. 飼: to feed; to raise

    (eumhun reading: 기를 사 (gireul sa))
    (MC reading: 飼 (MC ziH))

59. 駟:

    (MC reading: 駟 (MC sijH))

60. 麝: musk deer

    (eumhun reading: 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa))
    (MC reading: 麝 (MC zyaeH))

61. 篩:

    (MC reading: 篩 (MC srij))

62. 傞:

    (MC reading: 傞 (MC tsha|sa))

63. 剚:

    (MC reading: 剚 (MC tsriH))

64. 卸:

    (MC reading: 卸 (MC sjaeH))

65. 咋:

    (MC reading: 咋 (MC tsraeH))

66. 姒:

    (MC reading: 姒 (MC ziX))

67. 楂:

    (MC reading: 楂 (MC dzrae))

68. 榭:

    (MC reading: 榭 (MC zjaeH))

69. 汜:

    (MC reading: 汜 (MC ziX))

70. 痧:

    (MC reading: 痧)

71. 皶:

    (MC reading: 皶)

72. 竢:

    (MC reading: 竢 (MC zriX))

73. 笥:

    (MC reading: 笥 (MC siH))

74. 蜡:

    (MC reading: 蜡 (MC tshjoH|dzraeH))

75. 覗:

    (MC reading: 覗 (MC si|siH))

76. 駛:

    (MC reading: 駛 (MC sriX|sriH))

77. 魦:

    (MC reading: 魦 (MC srae))

78. 鯊:

    (MC reading: 鯊 (MC srae))

79. 鰤:

    (MC reading: 鰤 (MC srij))

80. 涘:

    (MC reading: 涘 (MC zriX))

81. 禠:

    (MC reading: 禠 (MC sje))

82. 佘:

    (MC reading: 佘)

83. 倳:

    (MC reading: 倳 (MC tsriH))

84. 倽:

    (MC reading: 倽)

85. 傻:

    (MC reading: 傻 (MC srwaeX|srwaeH))

86. 儩:

    (MC reading: 儩 (MC sjeH))

87. 厙:

    (MC reading: 厙 (MC syaeH))

88. 厶: any

    (eumhun reading: 사사 사 (sasa sa))
    (MC reading: 厶 (MC sij))

89. 唦:

    (MC reading: 唦)

90. 啥:

    (MC reading: 啥)

91. 喳:

    (MC reading: 喳)

92. 嗄:

    (MC reading: 嗄 (MC sraeH))

93. 嗍:

    (MC reading: 嗍)

94. 噝:

    (MC reading: 噝)

95. 塮:

    (MC reading: 塮)

96. 㝍:

    (MC reading: 㝍)

97. 屣:

    (MC reading: 屣 (MC srjeX|srjeH))

98. 峫:

    (MC reading: 峫)

99. 戺:

    (MC reading: 戺 (MC dzriX))

100. 挱:

     (MC reading: 挱 (MC sa))

101. 挲:

     (MC reading: 挲 (MC sa))

102. 揸:

     (MC reading: 揸)

103. 摣:

     (MC reading: 摣 (MC nrae))

104. 柌:

     (MC reading: 柌 (MC zi))

105. 柤:

     (MC reading: 柤 (MC tsrae))

106. 桫:

     (MC reading: 桫 (MC sa))

107. 楒:

     (MC reading: 楒 (MC si))

108. 榹:

     (MC reading: 榹 (MC sje))

109. 槎:

     (MC reading: 槎 (MC dzrae|dzraeX))

110. 樝:

     (MC reading: 樝 (MC tsrae))

111. 檨:

     (MC reading: 檨)

112. 泀:

     (MC reading: 泀)

113. 洍:

     (MC reading: 洍 (MC yi|ziX))

114. 涻:

     (MC reading: 涻 (MC syaeH))

115. 溮:

     (MC reading: 溮)

116. 漇:

     (MC reading: 漇)

117. 灺:

     (MC reading: 灺 (MC zjaeX))

118. 㸺:

     (MC reading: 㸺)

119. 猀:

     (MC reading: 猀)

120. 猞:

     (MC reading: 猞)

121. 猹:

     (MC reading: 猹)

122. 獻:

     (MC reading: 獻 (MC sa))

123. 畬:

     (MC reading: 畬 (MC yo))

124. 皻:

     (MC reading: 皻 (MC tsrae))

125. 砟:

     (MC reading: 砟 (MC dzak))

126. 硰:

     (MC reading: 硰 (MC srae|tshaX))

127. 碴:

     (MC reading: 碴)

128. 磃:

     (MC reading: 磃 (MC sje))

129. 禗:

     (MC reading: 禗 (MC si))

130. 簑:

     (MC reading: 簑)

131. 簁:

     (MC reading: 簁 (MC srje|srjeX))

132. 纚:

     (MC reading: 纚 (MC srjeX))

133. 耍:

     (MC reading: 耍)

134. 耜:

     (MC reading: 耜 (MC ziX))

135. 耶:

     (MC reading: 耶 (MC yae))

136. 肂:

     (MC reading: 肂 (MC sijH))

137. 莏: Alternative form of 莎

     (MC reading: 莏 (MC swa))

138. 葸:

     (MC reading: 葸 (MC siX))

139. 蒒:

     (MC reading: 蒒 (MC srij))

140. 蓰:

     (MC reading: 蓰)

141. 蕬:

     (MC reading: 蕬 (MC si))

142. 蕼:

     (MC reading: 蕼 (MC sijH))

143. 虒:

     (MC reading: 虒 (MC sje))

144. 蜤:

     (MC reading: 蜤 (MC sje))

145. 螄:

     (MC reading: 螄 (MC srij))

146. 蟴:

     (MC reading: 蟴 (MC sje))

147. 衺:

     (MC reading: 衺 (MC zjae))

148. 貄:

     (MC reading: 貄)

149. 賖:

     (MC reading: 賖)

150. 蹅:

     (MC reading: 蹅)

151. 蹝:

     (MC reading: 蹝)

152. 躧:

     (MC reading: 躧 (MC srjeX|sreaX))

153. 逤:

     (MC reading: 逤)

154. 鈶:

     (MC reading: 鈶 (MC ziX))

155. 鉈:

     (MC reading: 鉈 (MC dzyae))

156. 鉰:

     (MC reading: 鉰)

157. 䤬:

     (MC reading: 䤬 (MC sa))

158. 闍:

     (MC reading: 闍 (MC dzyae))

159. 食: feed

     (eumhun reading: 먹이 사 (meogi sa))
     (MC reading: 食 (MC yiH))

160. 飤:

     (MC reading: 飤 (MC ziH))

161. 騇:

     (MC reading: 騇 (MC syaeX|syaeH))

162. 魳:

     (MC reading: 魳 (MC tsop))

163. 鮻:

     (MC reading: 鮻)

164. 鶳:

     (MC reading: 鶳)

165. 鷥:

     (MC reading: 鷥)

166. 鼶:

     (MC reading: 鼶 (MC sje))

167. 齄:

     (MC reading: 齄)

168. 齇:

     (MC reading: 齇)

169. 佀: Alternative form of 似

     (MC reading: 佀 (MC ziX))

170. 冩: Alternative form of 寫

     (MC reading: 冩)

171. 簔: Alternative form of 蓑

     (MC reading: 簔)

172. 缷: Alternative form of 卸

     (MC reading: 缷)

173. 辞: Alternative form of 辭

     (MC reading: 辞)

174. 鯋: Alternative form of 鯊

     (MC reading: 鯋)