حمص

See also: حمض

Arabic

Etymology 1

Compare Akkadian 𒋰 (TAB /⁠ḫamāṭu⁠/, “to apply heat, to burn, to scorch, to parch, to roast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħam.ma.sˤa/

Verb

حَمَّصَ • (ḥammaṣa) II (non-past يُحَمِّصُ (yuḥammiṣu), verbal noun تَحْمِيص (taḥmīṣ))

1. to roast (coffee or meat), toast (bread)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of حَمَّصَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَحْمِيص)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَحْمِيص taḥmīṣ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُحَمِّص muḥammiṣ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُحَمَّص muḥammaṣ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَمَّصْتُ ḥammaṣtu	حَمَّصْتَ ḥammaṣta	حَمَّصَ ḥammaṣa		حَمَّصْتُمَا ḥammaṣtumā	حَمَّصَا ḥammaṣā		حَمَّصْنَا ḥammaṣnā	حَمَّصْتُمْ ḥammaṣtum	حَمَّصُوا ḥammaṣū
	f		حَمَّصْتِ ḥammaṣti	حَمَّصَتْ ḥammaṣat			حَمَّصَتَا ḥammaṣatā			حَمَّصْتُنَّ ḥammaṣtunna	حَمَّصْنَ ḥammaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَمِّصُ ʔuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصُ tuḥammiṣu	يُحَمِّصُ yuḥammiṣu		تُحَمِّصَانِ tuḥammiṣāni	يُحَمِّصَانِ yuḥammiṣāni		نُحَمِّصُ nuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصُونَ tuḥammiṣūna	يُحَمِّصُونَ yuḥammiṣūna
	f		تُحَمِّصِينَ tuḥammiṣīna	تُحَمِّصُ tuḥammiṣu			تُحَمِّصَانِ tuḥammiṣāni			تُحَمِّصْنَ tuḥammiṣna	يُحَمِّصْنَ yuḥammiṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَمِّصَ ʔuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصَ tuḥammiṣa	يُحَمِّصَ yuḥammiṣa		تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	يُحَمِّصَا yuḥammiṣā		نُحَمِّصَ nuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصُوا tuḥammiṣū	يُحَمِّصُوا yuḥammiṣū
	f		تُحَمِّصِي tuḥammiṣī	تُحَمِّصَ tuḥammiṣa			تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā			تُحَمِّصْنَ tuḥammiṣna	يُحَمِّصْنَ yuḥammiṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَمِّصْ ʔuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصْ tuḥammiṣ	يُحَمِّصْ yuḥammiṣ		تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	يُحَمِّصَا yuḥammiṣā		نُحَمِّصْ nuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصُوا tuḥammiṣū	يُحَمِّصُوا yuḥammiṣū
	f		تُحَمِّصِي tuḥammiṣī	تُحَمِّصْ tuḥammiṣ			تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā			تُحَمِّصْنَ tuḥammiṣna	يُحَمِّصْنَ yuḥammiṣna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حَمِّصْ ḥammiṣ			حَمِّصَا ḥammiṣā				حَمِّصُوا ḥammiṣū
	f		حَمِّصِي ḥammiṣī							حَمِّصْنَ ḥammiṣna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُمِّصْتُ ḥummiṣtu	حُمِّصْتَ ḥummiṣta	حُمِّصَ ḥummiṣa		حُمِّصْتُمَا ḥummiṣtumā	حُمِّصَا ḥummiṣā		حُمِّصْنَا ḥummiṣnā	حُمِّصْتُمْ ḥummiṣtum	حُمِّصُوا ḥummiṣū
	f		حُمِّصْتِ ḥummiṣti	حُمِّصَتْ ḥummiṣat			حُمِّصَتَا ḥummiṣatā			حُمِّصْتُنَّ ḥummiṣtunna	حُمِّصْنَ ḥummiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَمَّصُ ʔuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصُ tuḥammaṣu	يُحَمَّصُ yuḥammaṣu		تُحَمَّصَانِ tuḥammaṣāni	يُحَمَّصَانِ yuḥammaṣāni		نُحَمَّصُ nuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصُونَ tuḥammaṣūna	يُحَمَّصُونَ yuḥammaṣūna
	f		تُحَمَّصِينَ tuḥammaṣīna	تُحَمَّصُ tuḥammaṣu			تُحَمَّصَانِ tuḥammaṣāni			تُحَمَّصْنَ tuḥammaṣna	يُحَمَّصْنَ yuḥammaṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَمَّصَ ʔuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصَ tuḥammaṣa	يُحَمَّصَ yuḥammaṣa		تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	يُحَمَّصَا yuḥammaṣā		نُحَمَّصَ nuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصُوا tuḥammaṣū	يُحَمَّصُوا yuḥammaṣū
	f		تُحَمَّصِي tuḥammaṣī	تُحَمَّصَ tuḥammaṣa			تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā			تُحَمَّصْنَ tuḥammaṣna	يُحَمَّصْنَ yuḥammaṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَمَّصْ ʔuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصْ tuḥammaṣ	يُحَمَّصْ yuḥammaṣ		تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	يُحَمَّصَا yuḥammaṣā		نُحَمَّصْ nuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصُوا tuḥammaṣū	يُحَمَّصُوا yuḥammaṣū
	f		تُحَمَّصِي tuḥammaṣī	تُحَمَّصْ tuḥammaṣ			تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā			تُحَمَّصْنَ tuḥammaṣna	يُحَمَّصْنَ yuḥammaṣna

Derived terms

• مِحْمَصَة (miḥmaṣa, “coffee roaster”)

Etymology 2

The vowel variation points to it being borrowed from Aramaic חִימְצָא (ḥimməṣā) / חוּמְצָא (ḥumməṣā, “chickpea”). Cognate with Hebrew חִמְצָה (ḥimṣā́), possibly also related to Akkadian 𒋰 (TAB /⁠ḫamāṭu⁠/, “to apply heat, to burn, to scorch, to parch, to roast”), in the sense of being dehydrated or dried out beans.

Pronunciation

• (noun 1) IPA^(key): /ħim.misˤ/, /ħim.masˤ/
• (noun 2) IPA^(key): /ħum.musˤ/

Noun

حِمِّص or حِمَّص • (ḥimmiṣ or ḥimmaṣ) m (collective, singulative حِمِّصَة f (ḥimmiṣa) or حِمَّصَة (ḥimmaṣa))

1. chickpea

Declension

Declension of noun حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ)‎; حِمَّص (ḥimmaṣ)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّص‎; حِمَّص ḥimmiṣ‎; ḥimmaṣ	الْحِمِّص‎; الْحِمَّص al-ḥimmiṣ‎; al-ḥimmaṣ	حِمِّص‎; حِمَّص ḥimmiṣ‎; ḥimmaṣ
Nominative	حِمِّصٌ‎; حِمَّصٌ ḥimmiṣun‎; ḥimmaṣun	الْحِمِّصُ‎; الْحِمَّصُ al-ḥimmiṣu‎; al-ḥimmaṣu	حِمِّصُ‎; حِمَّصُ ḥimmiṣu‎; ḥimmaṣu
Accusative	حِمِّصًا‎; حِمَّصًا ḥimmiṣan‎; ḥimmaṣan	الْحِمِّصَ‎; الْحِمَّصَ al-ḥimmiṣa‎; al-ḥimmaṣa	حِمِّصَ‎; حِمَّصَ ḥimmiṣa‎; ḥimmaṣa
Genitive	حِمِّصٍ‎; حِمَّصٍ ḥimmiṣin‎; ḥimmaṣin	الْحِمِّصِ‎; الْحِمَّصِ al-ḥimmiṣi‎; al-ḥimmaṣi	حِمِّصِ‎; حِمَّصِ ḥimmiṣi‎; ḥimmaṣi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّصَة‎; حِمَّصَة ḥimmiṣa‎; ḥimmaṣa	الْحِمِّصَة‎; الْحِمَّصَة al-ḥimmiṣa‎; al-ḥimmaṣa	حِمِّصَة‎; حِمَّصَة ḥimmiṣat‎; ḥimmaṣat
Nominative	حِمِّصَةٌ‎; حِمَّصَةٌ ḥimmiṣatun‎; ḥimmaṣatun	الْحِمِّصَةُ‎; الْحِمَّصَةُ al-ḥimmiṣatu‎; al-ḥimmaṣatu	حِمِّصَةُ‎; حِمَّصَةُ ḥimmiṣatu‎; ḥimmaṣatu
Accusative	حِمِّصَةً‎; حِمَّصَةً ḥimmiṣatan‎; ḥimmaṣatan	الْحِمِّصَةَ‎; الْحِمَّصَةَ al-ḥimmiṣata‎; al-ḥimmaṣata	حِمِّصَةَ‎; حِمَّصَةَ ḥimmiṣata‎; ḥimmaṣata
Genitive	حِمِّصَةٍ‎; حِمَّصَةٍ ḥimmiṣatin‎; ḥimmaṣatin	الْحِمِّصَةِ‎; الْحِمَّصَةِ al-ḥimmiṣati‎; al-ḥimmaṣati	حِمِّصَةِ‎; حِمَّصَةِ ḥimmiṣati‎; ḥimmaṣati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّصَتَيْن‎; حِمَّصَتَيْن ḥimmiṣatayn‎; ḥimmaṣatayn	الْحِمِّصَتَيْن‎; الْحِمَّصَتَيْن al-ḥimmiṣatayn‎; al-ḥimmaṣatayn	حِمِّصَتَيْ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْ ḥimmiṣatay‎; ḥimmaṣatay
Nominative	حِمِّصَتَانِ‎; حِمَّصَتَانِ ḥimmiṣatāni‎; ḥimmaṣatāni	الْحِمِّصَتَانِ‎; الْحِمَّصَتَانِ al-ḥimmiṣatāni‎; al-ḥimmaṣatāni	حِمِّصَتَا‎; حِمَّصَتَا ḥimmiṣatā‎; ḥimmaṣatā
Accusative	حِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْنِ ḥimmiṣatayni‎; ḥimmaṣatayni	الْحِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; الْحِمَّصَتَيْنِ al-ḥimmiṣatayni‎; al-ḥimmaṣatayni	حِمِّصَتَيْ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْ ḥimmiṣatay‎; ḥimmaṣatay
Genitive	حِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْنِ ḥimmiṣatayni‎; ḥimmaṣatayni	الْحِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; الْحِمَّصَتَيْنِ al-ḥimmiṣatayni‎; al-ḥimmaṣatayni	حِمِّصَتَيْ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْ ḥimmiṣatay‎; ḥimmaṣatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّصَات‎; حِمَّصَات ḥimmiṣāt‎; ḥimmaṣāt	الْحِمِّصَات‎; الْحِمَّصَات al-ḥimmiṣāt‎; al-ḥimmaṣāt	حِمِّصَات‎; حِمَّصَات ḥimmiṣāt‎; ḥimmaṣāt
Nominative	حِمِّصَاتٌ‎; حِمَّصَاتٌ ḥimmiṣātun‎; ḥimmaṣātun	الْحِمِّصَاتُ‎; الْحِمَّصَاتُ al-ḥimmiṣātu‎; al-ḥimmaṣātu	حِمِّصَاتُ‎; حِمَّصَاتُ ḥimmiṣātu‎; ḥimmaṣātu
Accusative	حِمِّصَاتٍ‎; حِمَّصَاتٍ ḥimmiṣātin‎; ḥimmaṣātin	الْحِمِّصَاتِ‎; الْحِمَّصَاتِ al-ḥimmiṣāti‎; al-ḥimmaṣāti	حِمِّصَاتِ‎; حِمَّصَاتِ ḥimmiṣāti‎; ḥimmaṣāti
Genitive	حِمِّصَاتٍ‎; حِمَّصَاتٍ ḥimmiṣātin‎; ḥimmaṣātin	الْحِمِّصَاتِ‎; الْحِمَّصَاتِ al-ḥimmiṣāti‎; al-ḥimmaṣāti	حِمِّصَاتِ‎; حِمَّصَاتِ ḥimmiṣāti‎; ḥimmaṣāti

Noun

حُمُّص • (ḥummuṣ) m

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ)
2. hummus

Declension

Declension of noun حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُمُّص ḥummuṣ	الْحُمُّص al-ḥummuṣ	حُمُّص ḥummuṣ
Nominative	حُمُّصٌ ḥummuṣun	الْحُمُّصُ al-ḥummuṣu	حُمُّصُ ḥummuṣu
Accusative	حُمُّصًا ḥummuṣan	الْحُمُّصَ al-ḥummuṣa	حُمُّصَ ḥummuṣa
Genitive	حُمُّصٍ ḥummuṣin	الْحُمُّصِ al-ḥummuṣi	حُمُّصِ ḥummuṣi

Synonyms

• (hummus): حُمُّص بِطَحِينَةٍ (ḥummuṣ bi-ṭaḥīna)

Descendants

• → English: hummus
• → Hebrew: חוּמוּס (khumus)
• → Italian: hummus
• → Ottoman Turkish: حمص (hımmıs)
• → Sicilian: ummu
• → Yiddish: כומוס (khumus)

References

• “ḥmṣyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 108
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 141
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 433
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎^[2] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 120 § 103 footnote 1

Etymology 3

From جُنْد حِمْص, “the military district or legion of Ḥims”, from Ancient Greek Ἔμεσᾰ (Émesa), descendant of Aramaic חֲמָת (ḥamāth, “fortress”, literally “frustration, hindrance”) + צובָא (ṣōwḇā, “near, surrounding, station”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħimsˤ/

Proper noun

حِمْص • (ḥimṣ) f

1. Homs (a city in Syria).
2. Homs (a governorate of Syria).
3. (historical) Seville
   • 1267, Abu al-Baqa al-Rundi, Elegy for al-Andalus

Declension

Declension of noun حِمْص (ḥimṣ)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	حِمْص ḥimṣ	—
Nominative	—	حِمْصُ ḥimṣu	—
Accusative	—	حِمْصَ ḥimṣa	—
Genitive	—	حِمْصَ ḥimṣa	—

Synonyms

• (Homs): أُمّ الْحِجَار السُّود (ʔumm al-ḥijār as-sūd)
• (Seville): حِمْص الأَنْدَلُس (ḥimṣ al-ʔandalus)

Derived terms

• حِمْصِيّ (ḥimṣiyy)

Descendants

• → Ancient Greek: Χέμψ (Khémps)
• → Ottoman Turkish: حمص (Hıms)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “حمص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ), حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ).

Noun

حمص • (ḥummuṣ)

1. (uncountable) hummus
2. (collective, uncountable) chickpeas

Etymology 2

Compare Modern Standard Arabic حِمْص (ḥimṣ).

Proper noun

حمص • (ḥumṣ)

1. Homs (a city in Syria)

Descendants

• Turkish: Humus

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ).

Noun

حمص • (hımmıs)

1. chickpea

Related terms

• حمصی (hımmısî)

Descendants

• Turkish: humus

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حمص”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 806

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic حِمْص (ḥimṣ).

Proper noun

حمص • (Hıms, vulg. Hams)

1. Homs (a city in Syria)

Related terms

• حمصی (Hımsî)

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حمص”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 805
• Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Humus”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎^[5], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 359

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح م ص
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic حَمَّص (ḥammaṣ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħam.masˤ/, [ˈħɑm.mɑsˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

حمّص • (ḥammaṣ) II (present بحمّص (biḥammeṣ))

1. to roast (coffee, seeds etc.)
2. to toast (bread)

Conjugation

Conjugation of حمّص (ḥammaṣ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حمّصت (ḥammaṣt)	حمّصت (ḥammaṣt)	حمّص (ḥammaṣ)		حمّصنا (ḥammaṣna)	حمّصتو (ḥammaṣtu)	حمّصو (ḥammaṣu)
	f		حمّصتي (ḥammaṣti)	حمّصت (ḥammaṣat)
present	m	بحمّص (baḥammeṣ)	بتحمّص (bitḥammeṣ)	بحمّص (biḥammeṣ)		منحمّص (minḥammeṣ)	بتحمّصو (bitḥammṣu)	بحمّصو (biḥammṣu)
	f		بتحمّصي (bitḥammṣi)	بتحمّص (bitḥammeṣ)
subjunctive	m	احمّص (aḥammeṣ)	تحمّص (tḥammeṣ)	يحمّص (yḥammeṣ)		نحمّص (nḥammeṣ)	تحمّصو (tḥammṣu)	يحمّصو (yḥammṣu)
	f		تحمّصي (tḥammṣi)	تحمّص (tḥammeṣ)
imperative	m		حمّص (ḥammeṣ)				حمّصو (ḥammṣu)
	f		حمّصي (ḥammṣi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ) and حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħum.mosˤ/, [ˈħʊm.mʊsˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

حمّص • (ḥummoṣ) m

1. (uncountable) chickpeas

   حبة حمّص ― ḥabbet ḥummoṣ ― a chickpea

2. hummus

   صحن حمّص ― ṣaḥn ḥummoṣ ― a plate of hummus