شام

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See also: سام

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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    Proper noun

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    شَام (šāmm

    1. Only used in الشَّام (aš-šām)

    Etymology 2

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    Root
    ش ي م (š y m)
    6 terms

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    شَامَ (šāma) I (non-past يَشِيمُ (yašīmu), verbal noun شَيْم (šaym))

    1. to have sheathed, to have hidden, to have concealed
    2. to watch, to observe
    3. to expect, to conjecture
    Conjugation
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    Verb

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    شَامَّ (šāmma) III (non-past يُشَامُّ (yušāmmu), verbal noun مُشَامَّة (mušāmma))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Conjugation
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    References

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    • Freytag, Georg (1833) “شام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 473
    • Lane, Edward William (1863) “شام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1634
    • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 690

    Burushaski

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Urdu شام (śām), from Classical Persian شَام (šām).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    شام (śaam)

    1. evening

    References

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    • Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “shaam”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.

    Gujarati

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    Noun

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    شام (śāmf (Lisan ud-Dawat)

    1. Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)

    Noun

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    شام (śāmm (Lisan ud-Dawat)

    1. Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)

    Proper noun

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    شام (śāmm (Lisan ud-Dawat)

    1. Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)

    Khalaj

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    Noun

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    شام (şâm) (definite accusative شامؽ, plural شاملار)

    1. Arabic spelling of şâm (evening, supper)

    Declension

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    Ottoman Turkish

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām).

    Proper noun

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    شام (Şâm)

    1. Damascus (the capital of Syria)
    2. (historical) Syria (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)
    3. (historical) Syria (a vilayet in the Ottoman Empire)
    Synonyms
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    Descendants
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    • Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)
    • Turkish: Şam

    Etymology 2

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    From Persian شام (šâm).

    Noun

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    شام (şâm)

    1. evening
    2. night
    Descendants
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    References

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    • Mallouf, Nassif (1856) “Damas”, in Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 146
    • Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Şâm”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎[4], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 711

    Persian

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    Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia fa

    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? šām
    Dari reading? šām
    Iranian reading? šâm
    Tajik reading? šom

    Etymology 1

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      Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.

      Noun

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      Dari شام
      Iranian Persian
      Tajik шом

      شام (šâm)

      1. dinner, supper (evening meal)
        برای شام چی داریم؟ (more literary)barâ-ye šâm či dârim?What do we have for dinner?
        شام چی داریم؟ (more colloquial)šâm či dârim?What do we have for dinner?
      2. (archaic) dusk
      3. (archaic) evening
        Synonym: عصر ('asr)
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      Descendants
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      Etymology 2

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        Borrowed from Arabic شَام (šām).

        Proper noun

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        Dari شام
        Iranian Persian
        Tajik Шом

        شام (šâm)

        1. Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia)
        2. Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
          Synonym: دمشق (damešq)
        Descendants
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        Punjabi

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        Pronunciation

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        Etymology 1

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          Borrowed from Classical Persian شَام (šām).

          Noun

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          شام (śāmf (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਮ)

          1. evening, night
          Declension
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          2=śām
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          Declension of شام
          dir. sg. شام (śām)
          dir. pl. شاماں (śāmāṉ)
          singular plural
          direct شام (śām) شاماں (śāmāṉ)
          oblique شام (śām) شاماں (śāmāṉ)
          vocative شامے (śāme) شامو (śāmo)
          ablative شاموں (śāmoṉ) شاماں (śāmāṉ)
          locative شامی (śāmī) شامِیں (śāmīṉ)
          instrumental شامِیں (śāmīṉ) شامے (śāme)

          Etymology 2

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          Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, Greater Syria; Levant), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, Levant; Damascus).

          Proper noun

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          شام (śāmm

          1. Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)
          2. (by extension) Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)

          Further reading

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          • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “شام”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
          • Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “شام”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
          • ਸ਼ਾਮ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

          Soqotri

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          Alternative forms

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          Etymology

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          From Proto-Semitic *šim-. Akin to Mehri [script needed] (hemm), Shehri [script needed] (šum).

          Noun

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          شام (šɛmm (dual شامي (šɛ́mi), plural شاهم (šóhom))

          1. name
            • 2014, “A Merciful Woman and Diheko”, in Vitaly Naumkin, compiler, Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, page 144, line 5:
              ويهاه ملاك وميه شام دحاكو.
              wa-yhe maľák wa-məy šɛm diḥéko
              He was an angel, and his name was Diheko.

          References

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          • Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2014) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 660
          • Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2018) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 593
          • Leslau, Wolf (1938) “šem”, in Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 418

          Urdu

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          Pronunciation

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          Etymology 1

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          Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām).

          Noun

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          شام (śāmf (Hindi spelling शाम)

          1. evening, night
          Declension
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              Declension of شام
          singular plural
          direct شام (śām) شامیں (śāmẽ)
          oblique شام (śām) شاموں (śāmõ)
          vocative شام (śām) شامو (śāmo)

          References

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          • شام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
          • شام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

          Etymology 2

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          Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia ur

          Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, Greater Syria; Levant), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, Levant; Damascus).

          Proper noun

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          شام (śāmm (Hindi spelling शाम)

          1. Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)
          2. (by extension) Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)

          See also

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          Uyghur

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          Uyghur Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia ug
          Other scripts
          Perso-Arabic شام
          Latin Sham
          Cyrillic Шам

          Etymology

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          From Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām).

          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          شام (sham) (plural شاملار (shamlar))

          1. Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
          2. Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)