思

See also: 恖 and 恩

思 U+601D, 思 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-601D ← 怜 [U+601C] CJK Unified Ideographs 怞 → [U+601E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

思 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田心 (WP), four-corner 6033₀, composition ⿱田心)

Derived characters

• 偲, 媤, 𭓑, 愢, 揌, 㴓, 𤟧, 𨺯, 𪮏, 楒, 毸, 𤋘, 禗, 腮, 䞏, 𫀼, 㥸, 𥻏, 緦(缌), 𦖻, 𬜉, 𦩭, 𧍤, 𧗂, 勰, 䚡, 諰(𫍰), 𨡾, 鍶(锶), 颸(飔), 騦, 鰓(鳃), 𪕳
• 𨜐, 𦖷, 𢣢, 顋, 𪃄, 𭟜, 𠅤, 𠖓, 惫, 𢛥, 崽, 葸, 罳, 𢞨, 𢞰, 𥯨, 𦋮, 𢠞, 𦻇, 䰄, 㢜, 𤸛, 慮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10462
• Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 4
• Unihan data for U+601D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		思
alternative forms		恖 𢙦 𠃼 𡴓 𠂺 恖 𢙦 𠃼 𡴓 𠂺 𢍄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 思
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (囟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
崽	*ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː
偲	*sn̥ʰɯː, *snɯ
腮	*snɯː
鰓	*snɯː
揌	*snɯː
顋	*snɯː
愢	*snɯː
毢	*snɯː
諰	*srɯː, *snɯʔ
細	*snɯːls
思	*snɯ, *snɯs
緦	*snɯ
罳	*snɯ
禗	*snɯ
楒	*snɯ
葸	*snɯʔ
恖	*snɯ
颸	*sʰrɯ
囟	*snɯns
顖	*sniŋs
毸	*snɯː

Original form was 恖 (OC *snɯ), considered by Shuowen to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snɯ, *snɯs) : phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns) + semantic 心 (“heart”). It may also be a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囟 (“fontanel”) + 心 (“heart”).

囟 started to corrupt into the unrelated 田 as early as the silk script.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): sī (si¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): si¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂ / sî

  (Meixian, Guangdong): si¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): si¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su / sir / si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sy
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sī
    • Zhuyin: ㄙ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sih
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹
    • Yale: sz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sy
    • Palladius: сы (sy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: si¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si¹
    • Yale: sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lhu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂ / sî
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˊ / xi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si¹ / xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/, /si²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/

Note: sî - only in certain words (e.g. 相思樹).

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: si¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: so¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: so¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɵ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
    • Tâi-lô: sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /si⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /si³³/

Note:

• su/sir - literary;
• si - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: se¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹sy
    • MiniDict: sy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sr¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: si

Rime
Character	思
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息兹切
Baxter	si
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/sie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨ/
Li Rong	/siə/
Wang Li	/sĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/si/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*snɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	思
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sī
Middle Chinese	‹ si ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ə/
English	think
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	思
Reading #	1/2
No.	13835
Phonetic component	囟
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	思
Old Chinese	/*snɯ/

Definitions

思

1. (literary, or in compounds) to think; to cogitate

   沉思  ―  chénsī  ―  to ponder; to contemplate

   • 子曰：「學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Xué ér bù sī zé wǎng, sī ér bù xué zé dài.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous."

2. (literary, or in compounds) to miss; to yearn for

   思鄉／思乡  ―  sīxiāng  ―  to be homesick

3. (literary, or in compounds) to hope; to wish
4. (literary, or in compounds) feeling; mood
5. (literary, or in compounds) thought; thinking

   文思  ―  wénsī  ―  thread of ideas in writing

6. (obsolete) to lament; to grieve for
7. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-initial particle
8. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-medial particle
9. (obsolete) sentence-final interjectional particle
10. a surname

Synonyms

• (to think):

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• 冥思 (míngsī)
• 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
• 品味 (pǐnwèi)
• 尋味／寻味 (xúnwèi)
• 尋思／寻思
• 念 (niàn)
• 思想 (sīxiǎng)
• 思慮／思虑 (sīlǜ)
• 思索 (sīsuǒ)
• 思維／思维 (sīwéi)
• 思考 (sīkǎo)
• 思裁 (si¹ cai²) (Sichuanese)
• 思量 (sīliáng)
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
• 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
• 掂量 (diānliáng)
• 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
• 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
• 沉思 (chénsī)
• 深思 (shēnsī)
• 照顧／照顾 (zhàogù)
• 玩味 (wánwèi)
• 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
• 琢磨 (zuómo)
• 算計／算计 (suànjì)
• 考慮／考虑 (kǎolǜ)
• 苦思 (kǔsī)
• 著想／着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
• 計算／计算 (jìsuàn)
• 計較／计较
• 設想／设想 (shèxiǎng)
• 顧全／顾全 (gùquán)
• 顧及／顾及 (gùjí)

 

• (to miss):

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• 念想 (niànxiǎng)
• 思念 (sīniàn)
• 思慕 (sīmù)
• 思量 (sīliáng) (literary)
• 想念 (xiǎngniàn)
• 感想 (gǎnxiǎng) (literary)
• 憶著／忆着 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 懷／怀 (huái) (literary)
• 懷念／怀念 (huáiniàn)
• 懷想／怀想 (huáixiǎng)
• 相思 (xiāngsī)
• 眷念 (juànniàn) (formal)
• 眷戀／眷恋 (juànliàn) (formal)

 

• (to hope):

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• 企待 (qǐdài) (literary)
• 企望 (qǐwàng)
• 企盼 (qǐpàn)
• 冀望 (jìwàng) (literary)
• 向望 (ǹg-bāng) (Hokkien)
• 夢想／梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
• 寄望 (jìwàng)
• 巴望 (bāwàng) (regional)
• 希冀 (xījì) (literary)
• 希望 (xīwàng)
• 幸 (xìng) (literary)
• 引領／引领 (yǐnlǐng) (literary)
• 想望 (xion² von³) (Jin)
• 承望 (chéngwàng)
• 指望 (zhǐwàng)
• 期冀 (qījì) (literary)
• 期待 (qīdài)
• 期望 (qīwàng)
• 渴望 (kěwàng)
• 盼 (pàn)
• 盼望 (pànwàng)
• 願／愿 (yuàn)
• 願意／愿意 (yuànyì)
• 鵠望／鹄望 (húwàng) (literary)

 

• (feeling):

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• 心境 (xīnjìng)
• 心思 (xīnsī)
• 心情 (xīnqíng)
• 心意 (xīnyì)
• 心曲 (xīnqū) (literary)
• 心神 (xīnshén)
• 心緒／心绪 (xīnxù)
• 思緒／思绪 (sīxù)
• 情懷／情怀 (qínghuái)
• 情緒／情绪 (qíngxù)
• 懷／怀 (huái) (figurative)
• 腸／肠 (cháng) (figurative)

 

• (thought): 思路 (sīlù), 思緒／思绪 (sīxù)

Compounds

• 上思 (Shàngsī)
• 三思
• 三思而行
• 三思臺／三思台
• 不三思
• 不假思索 (bùjiǎsīsuǒ)
• 不加思索 (bùjiāsīsuǒ)
• 不可思議／不可思议 (bùkěsīyì)
• 不思 (bùsī)
• 不思進取／不思进取 (bùsījìnqǔ)
• 不犯尋思／不犯寻思
• 中心思想 (zhōngxīn sīxiǎng)
• 九思
• 亟思
• 俯思
• 八斗陳思
• 冥思 (míngsī)
• 冥思苦想 (míngsīkǔxiǎng)
• 冥思苦索 (míngsīkǔsuǒ)
• 凝思 (níngsī)
• 前思後想／前思后想
• 勉思
• 動人遐思／动人遐思
• 勞心焦思／劳心焦思
• 勞身焦思／劳身焦思
• 匪夷所思 (fěiyísuǒsī)
• 千思萬想／千思万想
• 反思 (fǎnsī)
• 反覆思維／反覆思维
• 周情孔思
• 哀思 (āisī)
• 單思病／单思病
• 單相思／单相思 (dānxiāngsī)
• 回思
• 土思
• 夜思
• 大費神思／大费神思
• 好學深思／好学深思
• 子思
• 孝思
• 安必思危
• 寒泉之思
• 封建思想
• 專精覃思／专精覃思
• 尋思／寻思
• 導向思考／导向思考
• 居安思危 (jū'ānsīwēi)
• 居高思危
• 巧思
• 左思右想 (zuǒsīyòuxiǎng)
• 席夢思／席梦思 (xímèngsī)
• 幽思 (yōusī)
• 引人遐思
• 得寸思尺
• 復思／复思
• 心思 (xīnsī)
• 忖前思後／忖前思后
• 忒敬思
• 思不出位
• 思凡
• 思前想後／思前想后 (sīqiánxiǎnghòu)
• 思前算後／思前算后
• 思力 (sīlì)
• 思勞／思劳
• 思古幽情
• 思如泉湧／思如泉涌
• 思如湧泉／思如涌泉
• 思婦／思妇
• 思存
• 思忖 (sīcǔn)
• 思念 (sīniàn)
• 怨思
• 思惟 (sīwéi)
• 思想 (sīxiǎng)
• 思想史 (sīxiǎngshǐ)
• 思想家 (sīxiǎngjiā)
• 思想庫／思想库 (sīxiǎngkù)
• 思惹情牽／思惹情牵
• 思想戰／思想战
• 思慮／思虑 (sīlǜ)
• 思慕 (sīmù)
• 思戀／思恋
• 思文
• 思春 (sīchūn)
• 怪沒意思／怪没意思
• 思深憂遠／思深忧远
• 思深語近／思深语近
• 思渴
• 思潮 (sīcháo)
• 思無邪／思无邪
• 思省
• 思索 (sīsuǒ)
• 思維／思维 (sīwéi)
• 思緒／思绪 (sīxù)
• 思考 (sīkǎo)
• 思致
• 思舊／思旧
• 思若湧泉／思若涌泉
• 思謀／思谋 (sīmóu)
• 思議／思议 (sīyì)
• 思賢如渴／思贤如渴
• 思路 (sīlù)
• 思辨 (sībiàn)
• 思辯／思辩 (sībiàn)
• 思過／思过 (sīguò)
• 思過半／思过半
• 思鄉／思乡 (sīxiāng)
• 思鄉病／思乡病
• 思量 (sīliáng)
• 思高本 (sīgāoběn)
• 思鱸／思鲈
• 思齊／思齐
• 悠思
• 情思 (qíngsī)
• 悲思
• 愁思 (chóusī)
• 意思主義／意思主义
• 意思能力
• 意思表示 (yìsi biǎoshì)
• 意意思思
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 慎思明辨
• 慧心巧思
• 慧思
• 憂思／忧思 (yōusī)
• 憂深思遠／忧深思远
• 懷新思舊／怀新思旧
• 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán)
• 戰略思想／战略思想
• 所思
• 才思 (cáisī)
• 才思敏捷 (cáisīmǐnjié)
• 挖空心思 (wākōngxīnsī)
• 搆思／构思 (gòusī)
• 敬思
• 文思 (wénsī)
• 文思泉湧／文思泉涌
• 旅思
• 春思
• 暮想朝思
• 有所思
• 朝思夕想
• 朝思夕計／朝思夕计
• 朝思暮想 (zhāosīmùxiǎng)
• 李思訓碑／李思训碑
• 構思／构思 (gòusī)
• 樂不思蜀／乐不思蜀 (lèbùsīshǔ)
• 止渴思梅
• 正思惟
• 殫思極慮／殚思极虑
• 殫精極思／殚精极思
• 殫精畢思／殚精毕思
• 毫不思量
• 沒三思／没三思
• 沉思 (chénsī)
• 深思 (shēnsī)
• 淵思寂慮／渊思寂虑
• 深思極慮／深思极虑
• 深思熟慮／深思熟虑
• 深思遠慮／深思远虑
• 渭陽之思／渭阳之思
• 澄思寂慮／澄思寂虑
• 潛神默思／潜神默思
• 火不思 (huǒbùsī)
• 焦心勞思／焦心劳思
• 無思無慮／无思无虑
• 無慮無思／无虑无思
• 熟思 (shúsī)
• 熟讀精思／熟读精思
• 用盡心思／用尽心思
• 病相思 (bìngxiāngsī)
• 痛定思痛 (tòngdìngsītòng)
• 白費心思／白费心思 (báifèixīnsī)
• 百思不解 (bǎisībùjiě)
• 百思莫解
• 目盼心思
• 省思 (xǐngsī)
• 相思 (xiāngsī)
• 相思債／相思债
• 相思卦
• 相思套
• 相思子
• 相思木
• 相思樹／相思树 (xiāngsīshù)
• 相思病 (xiāngsībìng)
• 相思草
• 相思豆
• 相思鳥／相思鸟
• 眠思夢想／眠思梦想
• 睹物思人 (dǔwùsīrén)
• 研精苦思
• 研精覃思
• 神仙思想
• 神思 (shénsī)
• 神思恍惚
• 秋思
• 穆思林
• 空勞神思／空劳神思
• 窮則思變／穷则思变
• 竭盡心思／竭尽心思
• 綺思／绮思 (qǐsī)
• 縈思／萦思
• 繆思女神／缪思女神
• 翹思／翘思
• 老莊思想／老庄思想
• 耄思
• 耽思
• 肚裡尋思／肚里寻思
• 胡思
• 胡思亂想／胡思乱想 (húsīluànxiǎng)
• 胡思亂量／胡思乱量
• 胠沙思水
• 腸枯思竭／肠枯思竭
• 致思
• 色思溫／色思温
• 花心思
• 苦思 (kǔsī)
• 苦思惡想／苦思恶想
• 茶思飯想／茶思饭想
• 茶飯不思／茶饭不思
• 藻思
• 處安思危／处安思危 (chǔ'ānsīwēi)
• 行思
• 行思坐想
• 行思坐憶／行思坐忆
• 行成於思／行成于思
• 行無越思／行无越思
• 覃思 (tánsī)
• 見利思義／见利思义
• 見德思齊／见德思齐
• 見異思遷／见异思迁 (jiànyìsīqiān)
• 見賢思齊／见贤思齐 (jiànxiánsīqí)
• 見鞍思馬／见鞍思马
• 費思量／费思量
• 近思錄／近思录
• 逆向思考
• 迷思 (mísī)
• 追思 (zhuīsī)
• 退思補過／退思补过
• 運思／运思 (yùnsī)
• 遐思 (xiásī)
• 遠慮深思／远虑深思
• 遷思迴慮／迁思回虑
• 遺風餘思／遗风余思
• 鄉思／乡思 (xiāngsī)
• 長思／长思
• 長相思／长相思
• 閉目沉思／闭目沉思
• 閉門思過／闭门思过 (bìménsīguò)
• 閉閣思過／闭阁思过
• 陳思王／陈思王
• 集思廣益／集思广益 (jísīguǎngyì)
• 霜露之思
• 靜極思動／静极思动
• 面壁思過／面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò)
• 顧名思義／顾名思义 (gùmíngsīyì)
• 顧思／顾思
• 風情月思／风情月思
• 風木之思／风木之思
• 飲水思源／饮水思源 (yǐnshuǐsīyuán)
• 首丘之思
• 體大思精／体大思精
• 默思
• 鼠思

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): sī, sì (si¹, si⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙ, ㄙˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si³ / si¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
• Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr / sì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ / se³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sī
    • Zhuyin: ㄙ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sih
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹
    • Yale: sz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sy
    • Palladius: сы (sy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ⁴
    • Yale: sz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
    • Palladius: сы (sy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: si¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si³ / si¹
    • Yale: si / sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si³ / si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi³ / xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː³³/, /siː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /søy²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: so⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: so⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɵ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
    • Tâi-lô: sù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sux
    • IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
    • Tâi-lô: sìr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
    • Tâi-lô: sì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: six
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /si⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: se¹ / se³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ / sṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³/, /sɯ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: siH

Rime
Character	思
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相吏切
Baxter	siH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/sieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨH/
Li Rong	/siəH/
Wang Li	/sĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/siH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*snɯs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	思
Reading #	2/2
No.	13843
Phonetic component	囟
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	笥
Old Chinese	/*snɯs/

Definitions

思

1. ^† thought; feeling; mood

Compounds

• 不好意思 (bùhǎoyìsi)
• 好意思
• 意思

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sāi (sai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soi¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sai
    • Wade–Giles: sai¹
    • Yale: sāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sai
    • Palladius: сай (saj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soi¹
    • Yale: sōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: soi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔːi̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

思

1. ^† Alternative form of 䰄 (“heavily bearded”)

Compounds

• 于思
• 䯱思

 

References

• “思”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

思

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

1. think

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: おもう (omou, 思う, Jōyō)^{←おもふ (omofu, 思ふ, historical)}、おもい (omoi, 思い)^{←おもひ (omofi, 思ひ, historical)}、おぼしい (oboshii, 思しい)

Compounds

Compounds

• 思(し)案(あん) (shian)
• 思(し)惟(い) (shī)
• 思(し)考(こう) (shikō)
• 思(し)索(さく) (shisaku)
• 思(し)春(しゅん)期(き) (shishunki, “adolescence”)
• 思(し)想(そう) (shisō)
• 思(し)慕(ぼ) (shibo)
• 思(し)慮(りょ) (shiryo, “prudence, discretion”)
• 思(し)料(りょう), 思(し)量(りょう) (shiryō)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 思 (MC si).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ (Yale: sò?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	ᄉᆡᆼ각 ᄉᆞ	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575	ᄉᆞ량 ᄉᆞ	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	ᄉᆡᆼ각 ᄉᆞ	Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆞ (Yale: so) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

• (to think; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [사]
• (in 사상 (思想, sasang, “thought”)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

思 (eumhun 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))

1. hanja form^? of 사 (“to think”)
2. hanja form^? of 사 (“thought; thinking; idea”)
3. hanja form^? of 사 (“to miss; to yearn for”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 사고 (思考, sago)
• 사념 (思念, sanyeom)
• 사량 (思量, saryang)
• 사려 (思慮, saryeo)
• 사료 (思料, saryo)
• 사모 (思慕, samo)
• 사변 (思辨, sabyeon)
• 사상 (思想, sasang)
• 사색 (思索, sasaek)
• 사유 (思惟, sayu)
• 사조 (思潮, sajo)
• 노사 (勞思, nosa)
• 고사 (苦思, gosa)
• 심사 (深思, simsa)
• 사춘기 (思春期, sachun'gi)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 思 (MC siH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	ᄠᅳᆮ ᄉᆞ	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	의ᄉᆞ ᄉᆞ	Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆞ (Yale: so) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Hanja

思 (eumhun 생각 사 (saenggak sa))

1. hanja form^? of 사 (“thought”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 의사 (意思, uisa)

Etymology 3

Related to Middle Chinese 䰄 (MC soj).

Hanja

思 (eumhun 수염이 많을 새 (suyeom-i maneul sae))

1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 䰄 (“hanja form^? of 새 (“heavily bearded”)”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

Han character

思: Hán Nôm readings: tư, tơ, tứ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.