春

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See also: 萅 and 舂
春 U+6625, 春
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6625
← 昤
[U+6624] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昦 →
[U+6626]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

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There are minor differences in where the last stroke of the top component (top-left to bottom-right diagonal) starts – on the second horizontal stroke or on the third.

Han character

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春 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手大日 (QKA), four-corner 50603, composition ⿱𡗗日)

Usage notes

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  • This character is not to be confused with 舂 (U+8202) which is visually similar but unrelated.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 493, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 856, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1496, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6625

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 春
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
躉 *tuːnʔ
窀 *rduːn, *duːn, *tun
沌 *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ
盹 *tuːnʔ, *tjuns
頓 *tuːns
扽 *tuːns
黗 *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ
吨 *tʰuːnʔ
屯 *duːn, *tun
飩 *duːn
豘 *duːn
軘 *duːn
坉 *duːn
邨 *duːn, *stʰuːn
忳 *duːn
芚 *duːn
庉 *duːn, *duːnʔ
囤 *duːnʔ
迍 *tun
杶 *tʰun
瑃 *tʰun
椿 *tʰun
偆 *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ
肫 *tjun
訰 *tjun, *tjuns
純 *tjunʔ, *djun
春 *tʰjun
蠢 *tʰjunʔ
踳 *tʰjunʔ
惷 *tʰjunʔ
蒓 *djun
賰 *hljunʔ
鬊 *hljuns

Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjun) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun, “sprout”) + semantic 日 (“sun”). However, the sprout as a phonetic component can be another reference to plants growing. The sun was added later, thus leading to the intermediate version 萅. Eventually, 艸 and 屯 merged into 𡗗.

The character 春 itself is probably a variant of 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) as they are equivalent for the meaning “spring” in Old Chinese literature. Unrelated to 泰.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 春
alternative forms 萅
旾
㫩
𣇸
𣈤

Schuessler (2007) relates it to 芚 (OC *duːn, “(of plants) to begin to grow”); he also compares it Khmer ដុះ (doh, “to grow; to germinate; to sprout”), as well as 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to bore through”) (ibid.).

Sagart (2023b) relates it to a vulgar (i.e. ignoble and popular) word which means "egg", which lacked a character, whose modern reflexes are Meixian Hakka 春 (cun1, “egg, roe”), Sixian Hakka 春 (chhûn), and Cantonese 春 (ceon1, “egg, roe; testicle”) (IPA: /t͡ʃʰɵn⁵⁵/); and for which he further reconstructs Old Chinese *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r]. He further relates OC *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r] to Bodo (India) dəy, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *ʔdejᴮ, from tentative Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tʰur, (STEDT, however, reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əy (“egg, testicle”)) and notes a connection between "eggs" and Chinese new year season, as birds generally nest and lay eggs in the warmer months in the north [1].

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 春
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/
/t͡sʰuən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fʰẽ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰyn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sʰuen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰun³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰyan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyn³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰun⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃʰun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøn⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰyn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰøn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sun²³/
Rime
Character 春
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 昌脣切
Baxter tsyhwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰʷin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰjuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰwin/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ceon1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 春
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhwin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰun/
English springtime

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 春
Reading # 1/1
No. 12573
Phonetic
component 		屯
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		春
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰjun/
Notes 說文從艸從日屯聲，
實屯繁化轉註字

Definitions

[edit]

春

  1. spring (season)
    春天  ―  chūntiān  ―  spring
    四季如春  ―  sìjìrúchūn  ―  to experience a moderate and pleasant climate throughout the year
  2. (literary) year; age
  3. spring scenery
  4. vitality; liveliness; energy; life
    妙手回春  ―  miàoshǒuhuíchūn  ―  to effect a miraculous cure and bring the dying back to life
  5. love; lust
    春情  ―  chūnqíng  ―  amorous feelings
    思春期  ―  sīchūnqī  ―  puberty
  6. a type of alcoholic drink which is fermented from spring to winter
See also
[edit]
Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
春 (chūn, “spring”) 夏 (xià, “summer”) 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (dōng, “winter”)

Usage notes

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In Chinese culture, upside-down 春 is often used on CNY decorations and symbolizes the arrival of spring after a homophonic pun: 春倒 (dào, “inverted”) = 春到 (dào, “to arrive”).

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (春):
  • → Japanese: 春(しゅん) (shun)
  • → Korean: 춘(春) (chun)
  • → Vietnamese: xuân (春)

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 春
alternative forms 膥

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əj (“egg; testicle”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Sagart (2023b) reconstructs Old Chinese *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r] from tentative Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tʰur, some of whose other descendants are Bodo (India) dəy, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *ʔdejᴮ, etc.; he also relates it to 春 (chūn) "springtime" after noting a connection between eggs and Chinese new year season, as birds generally nest and lay eggs in the warmer months in the north (ibid.).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

春

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) egg; roe
    水蛇春咁長／水蛇春咁长 [Cantonese]  ―  seoi2 se4 ceon1 gam3 coeng4 [Jyutping]  ―  extremely long or lengthy (literally, “as long as a chain of water snake eggs”)
  2. (Cantonese, vulgar) testicle
  3. (Cantonese, vulgar) goddamn, the hell
    你搞乜春呀？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    nei5 gaau2 mat1 ceon1 aa3? [Jyutping]
    What the fuck are you doing?
  4. (Cantonese, vulgar, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    Synonyms: 毛, 鐵／铁 (tit3)
    你識條春咩？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你识条春咩？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 sik1 tiu4 ceon1 me1? [Jyutping]
    What the hell do you know?
  5. (Cantonese, vulgar) negates the meaning of the sentence
    關你春事！／关你春事！ [Cantonese]  ―  gwaan1 nei5 ceon1 si6! [Jyutping]  ―  None of your damn business!
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 蛋 (“egg (of a bird or reptile)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 卵
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蛋, 卵
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蛋, 子兒
Taiwan 蛋
Malaysia 蛋
Singapore 蛋
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蛋
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蛋
Xuzhou 蛋
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蛋
Wuhan 蛋
Guiyang 蛋
Guilin 蛋
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 蛋
Hefei 蛋
Cantonese Guangzhou 蛋, 春
Hong Kong 蛋, 春
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 春
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 春
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 春
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 春
Macau 蛋, 春
Guangzhou (Panyu) 春, 蛋
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蛋
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 春
Foshan 春, 蛋
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 春
Foshan (Shunde) 春
Foshan (Sanshui) 春
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 春
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 春
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 春
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 春
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蛋
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蛋
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蛋
Taishan 蛋
Kaiping (Chikan) 蛋
Enping (Niujiang) 蛋
Heshan (Yayao) 蛋
Dongguan 春
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 春
Yangjiang 蛋, 春
Nanning 蛋
Wuzhou 蛋
Yulin 蛋
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蛋
Beihai 蛋
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 蛋
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 蛋
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 蛋
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 子
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 蛋
Singapore (Guangfu) 蛋
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蛋
Móng Cái 蛋
Gan Nanchang 蛋
Lichuan 蛋
Pingxiang 架架
Jianning 蛋
Taining 卵
Hakka Meixian 卵, 春, 蛋
Xingning 春
Dabu (Xihe) 春
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 春
Huiyang 春
Dongguan (Qingxi) 春
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 春
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 春
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 春
Wuhua (Huacheng) 春
Wuhua (Changbu) 春
Wuhua (Mianyang) 春
Heyuan (Bendihua) 春
Wengyuan 春
Liannan 春
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 春
Jiexi 卵
Luhe 卵
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 卵
Changting 蛋
Wuping 蛋
Wuping (Yanqian) 蛋
Liancheng 卵
Ninghua 蛋
Tonggu (Sandu) 蛋
Ganzhou (Panlong) 蛋
Dayu 蛋
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 卵, 春
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 卵, 春
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 卵, 春
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 卵, 春
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 卵, 春
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 卵
Hong Kong 春, 蛋
Yangxi (Tangkou) 春
Yangchun (Sanjia) 春
Xinyi (Sihe) 春
Xinyi (Qianpai) 蛋
Gaozhou (Xindong) 春
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 蛋
Huazhou (Xin'an) 蛋
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 蛋
Lianjiang (Qingping) 蛋
Mengshan (Xihe) 春
Luchuan 蛋
Sabah (Longchuan) 春
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 春
Senai (Huiyang) 春
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 春
Singkawang 春
Jin Taiyuan 蛋
Northern Min Jian'ou 卵
Songxi 卵
Zhenghe 卵
Jianyang 卵
Wuyishan 卵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 卵
Fuzhou (Changle) 卵
Lianjiang 卵
Fuqing 卵
Pingtan 卵
Yongtai 卵
Minqing 卵
Gutian 卵
Pingnan 卵
Luoyuan 卵
Fu'an 卵
Ningde 卵
Xiapu 卵
Zherong 卵
Shouning 卵
Zhouning 卵
Fuding 卵
Matsu 卵
Southern Min Xiamen 卵
Xiamen (Tong'an) 卵
Quanzhou 卵
Jinjiang 卵
Nan'an 卵
Shishi 卵
Hui'an 卵
Anxi 卵
Yongchun 卵
Dehua 卵
Zhangzhou 卵
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 卵
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 卵
Hua'an 卵
Nanjing 卵
Pinghe 卵
Zhangpu 卵
Yunxiao 卵
Zhao'an 卵
Dongshan 卵
Taipei 卵
New Taipei (Sanxia) 卵
Kaohsiung 卵
Yilan 卵
Changhua (Lukang) 卵
Taichung 卵
Taichung (Wuqi) 卵
Tainan 卵
Taitung 卵
Hsinchu 卵
Kinmen 卵
Penghu (Magong) 卵
Penang (Hokkien) 卵
Singapore (Hokkien) 卵
Manila (Hokkien) 卵
Longyan 卵
Zhangping 卵
Datian 卵
Chaozhou 卵
Shantou 卵
Shantou (Chenghai) 卵
Jieyang 卵
Haifeng 卵
Bangkok (Teochew) 卵
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 卵
Singapore (Teochew) 卵
Leizhou 卵
Wenchang 卵
Haikou 卵
Singapore (Hainanese) 卵
Puxian Min Putian 卵
Xianyou 卵
Central Min Yong'an 卵
Sanming (Sanyuan) 卵
Sanming (Shaxian) 卵
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 卵
Guangze 卵
Jiangle 卵
Mingxi 卵
Shunchang 卵
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 春
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 蛋
Suzhou 蛋
Danyang 蛋
Ningbo 蛋
Wenzhou 卵
Jinhua 卵
Xiang Changsha 蛋
Shuangfeng 蛋
Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 外腎, 腎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 睪丸, 精巢
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 卵子兒, 卵包子, 小蛋兒
Taiwan 蛋蛋
Harbin 卵子兒
Singapore 球
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 球蛋
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蛋子兒, 蛋
Wanrong 子
Xi'an 蛋子兒
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 卵子
Lanzhou 脬子兒, 腎
Ürümqi 脬卵子, 卵子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 卵, 卵蛋, 蛋蛋, 卵子, 敲敲兒
Wuhan 卵子, 卵蛋, 卵坨
Guiyang 卵蛋
Liuzhou 卵考子, 考子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 卵子
Yangzhou 卵蛋, 卵子子
Cantonese Guangzhou 春子
Hong Kong 春, 春子, 春核, 波子, 蛋蛋, 睪丸
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 核
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 核春
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 核仁
Kaiping (Chikan) 春牯
Dongguan 春核
Hepu (Lianzhou) 卵子
Hepu (Shatian) 卵脬仁
Guiping 核子
Guiping (Mule) 𨳍卵
Pingnan 核卵
Guigang (Gangcheng) 核仔
Guigang (Pingdong) 核仁
Beihai 卵仁
Beihai (Nankang) 卵仁
Beihai (Yingpan) 卵仁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 卵仁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 卵核
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 卵核
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 春仔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 卵
Móng Cái 卵核
Gan Lichuan 順子
Pingxiang 卵坨子
Hakka Meixian 核卵
Xingning 核卵
Dabu (Xihe) 核卵仁
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 核卵
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 核卵
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 核卵
Wuhua (Huacheng) 核卵
Wuhua (Changbu) 核卵
Wuhua (Mianyang) 核卵
Jiexi 核卵
Changting 卵子
Longyan (Yongding) 核卵
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 核卵仁
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 核卵
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 核卵
Wuping (Zhongshan) 核卵
Liancheng (Peitian) 卵子
Liancheng (Juxi) 核卵
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 核卵
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 核卵
Yudu 卵子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 核卵
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 核卵
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 核卵
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 核卵仁
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 核卵仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 核卵
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 核卵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 核卵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 核卵
Hong Kong 核卵
Sabah (Longchuan) 核卵
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 核卵仁
Senai (Huiyang) 核
Singkawang 核卵
Bangkok (Meixian) 核卵
Bangkok (Fengshun) 核卵
Huizhou Jixi 卵子
Jin Pingyao 堆兒, 蛋
Xinzhou 蛋籽子
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𡳞核子, 𡳞核
Fuzhou (Changle) 𡳞核子
Fuqing 𡳞核子
Yongtai 𡳞脬子
Gutian 𡳞核子
Fu'an 𡳞脬子
Ningde 𡳞脬子
Shouning 𡳞脬子
Zhouning 尿脬子
Fuding 卵脬子
Southern Min Xiamen 𡳞核, 腎子
Quanzhou 𡳞核, 腎子
Jinjiang 𡳞核
Yongchun 𡳞核, 𡳞核子
Zhangzhou 𡳞核, 腎子
Zhao'an 𡳞核
Taipei 𡳞核
Taipei (Wanhua) 𡳞脬核仔
New Taipei (Tamsui) 𡳞核
New Taipei (Sanxia) 𡳞核
New Taipei (Pingxi) 𡳞核
Kaohsiung 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 𡳞核仔, 𡳞核
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 𡳞核
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 𡳞核
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 𡳞核
Yilan 𡳞核
Yilan (Toucheng) 𡳞核仔
Changhua (Lukang) 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
Taichung 𡳞核仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 𡳞核
Tainan 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔, 腎子
Tainan (Anping) 𡳞核
Taitung 𡳞核仔
Hsinchu 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
Kinmen 𡳞核
Penghu (Magong) 𡳞核
Penghu (Xiyu) 𡳞核
Penang (Hokkien) 𡳞核, 核, 𡳞脬子
Singapore (Hokkien) 𡳞核, 腎子, 𡳞脬子
Manila (Hokkien) 𡳞核
Chaozhou 核
Shantou 𡳞核
Shantou (Chenghai) 𡳞核
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 𡳞核
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 𡳞核
Jieyang 𡳞核, 𡳞仁
Haifeng 𡳞脬核
Bangkok (Teochew) 𡳞核
Leizhou 𡳞脬子, 𡳞脬核, 核子
Wenchang 𡳞仁
Haikou 𡳞脬仁
Puxian Min Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 𡳞核
Central Min Sanming (Sanyuan) 石核
Sanming (Shaxian) 尿脬核
Shaojiang Min Mingxi 腎肚子
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 卵子
Wu Shanghai 卵子
Suzhou 卵子
Danyang 卵脬黃, 卵子黃
Hangzhou 卵子
Ningbo 卵黃, 卵袋黃
Wenzhou 卵子, 卵袋子, 陰袋子
Jinhua 老核子
Xiang Loudi 考子, 卵子
Hengyang 睪子

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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春

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
春
はる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

/paru/ → /ɸaru/ → /haru/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) はる [háꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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春(はる) • (haru) 

  1. the spring (season)
    Synonyms: 春季 (shunki), 春期 (shunki)
  2. (by extension) the New Year
  3. adolescence, youth
  4. a heyday of one’s life
  5. a time of happiness after a long period of difficulty
  6. (slang, euphemistic) sexual intercourse
    春(はる)をひさぐ ― haru o hisagu ― to engage in prostitution(literally, “to sell sex”)
Coordinate terms
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Seasons in Japanese · 四(し)季(き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
春(はる) (haru, “spring”)
春(しゅん)季(き) (shunki, “spring”)
春(しゅん)期(き) (shunki, “spring period”) 		夏(なつ) (natsu, “summer”)
夏(か)季(き) (kaki, “summer”)
夏(か)期(き) (kaki, “summer period”) 		秋(あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”)
秋(しゅう)季(き) (shūki, “fall; autumn”)
秋(しゅう)期(き) (shūki, “fall period”) 		冬(ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”)
冬(とう)季(き) (tōki, “winter”)
冬(とう)期(き) (tōki, “winter period”)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
春
しゅん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 春 (MC tsyhwin).

Affix

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春(しゅん) • (shun) 

  1. spring (season)
  2. New Year
  3. life, vitality
  4. lust, passion
  5. months and years
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 春 (MC tsyhwin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 츈 (Yale: chyùn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 봄〮 (Yale: pwóm) 츈 (Yale: chyùn)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

春 (eumhun 봄 춘 (bom chun))

  1. Hanja form? of 춘 (“spring (season)”). [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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春

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
春
はる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/ɸaru/ → /haru/

Shift from faru below.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 春 (haru).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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春(はる) (haru) 

  1. the spring (season)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
春
ふぁる
Grade: 2
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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春(ふぁる) (faru) 

  1. (archaic) the spring (season)

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Japonic *paru. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

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春 (paru) (kana はる)

  1. the spring (season)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 春 (haru)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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春: Hán Việt readings: xuân (樞(xu)倫(luân)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
春: Nôm readings: xuân[1][2][5][4][6][7], xoan[1][2][3][4][7]

  1. Chữ Hán form of xuân (“spring (season)”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Hồ (1976).
  6. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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