-ú

See also: Appendix:Variations of "u"

Hungarian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [uː]

Suffix

-ú

1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective denoting possession or similarity. It is used only in parasynthetic compounds, requiring a preceding adjective or a compound structure. Similar in function to English -ed.

   nagy (“big”) + láb (“foot”) → nagy lábú ember (“a man with big feet / a big-footed man”)

   vörös (“red”) + haj (“hair”) → vörös hajú (“redheaded”)

2. (obsolete present-participle suffix) Found today only in a few words such as homorú (“concave”, adjective), szigorú (“strict”, adjective), nyomorú (“miserable”, adjective).

Usage notes

• (adjective-forming suffix): Variants:

  -ú is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ű is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -jú is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

  -jű is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

• (present-participle suffix) Variants:

  -ó is added to back-vowel verbs

  -ő is added to front-vowel verbs

  -ú is added to back-vowel verbs, obsolete

  homorú, nyomorú, szigorú

  -ű is added to front-vowel verbs, obsolete

  keserű, seprű

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ú	-úak
accusative	-út	-úakat
dative	-únak	-úaknak
instrumental	-úval	-úakkal
causal-final	-úért	-úakért
translative	-úvá	-úakká
terminative	-úig	-úakig
essive-formal	-úként	-úakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	-úban	-úakban
superessive	-ún	-úakon
adessive	-únál	-úaknál
illative	-úba	-úakba
sublative	-úra	-úakra
allative	-úhoz	-úakhoz
elative	-úból	-úakból
delative	-úról	-úakról
ablative	-útól	-úaktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	-úé	-úaké
non-attributive possessive - plural	-úéi	-úakéi

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ú

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Irish

Etymology 1

From -aigh +‎ -adh.

Alternative forms

• -iú (slender form)
• -ughadh (obsolete)

Suffix

-ú m

2. Regular verbal noun of second-conjugation verbs, notably verbs in -aigh.

   ‎tosaigh (“begin”) + ‎-ú → ‎tosú (“commencement”)

   ‎uraigh (“eclipse”, verb) + ‎-ú → ‎urú (“eclipse”, noun)

Declension

Declension of -ú

Irregular

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative -ú -uithe Vocative a -ú a -uithe Genitive -aithe -uithe Dative -ú -uithe

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an -ú na -uithe Genitive an -aithe na -uithe Dative leis an -ú don -ú leis na -uithe

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ú (verbal noun)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish -mad, from Proto-Celtic *-metos; compare Welsh -fed. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic -amh.

Alternative forms

• -mhadh (superseded)

Suffix

-ú

2. -th (suffix forming ordinal numbers)

   ‎ocht (“eight”) + ‎-ú → ‎ochtú (“eighth”)

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ú (ordinal)