-el

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-el

  1. Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.
    runnel, shovel, dotel
  2. Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.
    hatchel, hovel, gomeral

Etymology 2

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From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:

Suffix

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-el

  1. Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.
    cupel, chapel, tunnel
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Abenaki

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Suffix

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-el

  1. Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.
    n'kezalmô
    I love
    k'kezalmel
    I love you (singular)

Usage notes

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The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.

See also

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Breton

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Etymology

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Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

Suffix

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-el

  1. To make an adjective of a noun; -al
    broad (nation) + ‎-el → ‎broadel (national)

Derived terms

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-el f (noun-forming suffix)

  1. forms nouns
    koupat + ‎-el → ‎koupel

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • -el in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Danish

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-el

  1. -al

Derived terms

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Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch *-el, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. probably more than one etymology involved

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-el (unproductive)

  1. forms diminutive nouns
    koren + ‎-el → ‎korrel
  2. forms noun denoting an instrument
    Synonym: -er
    sluiten + ‎-el → ‎sleutel

Derived terms

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Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-el

  1. in [...] way
    -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

Derived terms

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  • kiel (in what way, in what manner, how)
  • tiel (in that way, in that manner, thus)
  • ĉiel (in every way, in every manner)
  • iel (in some way, in some manner, somehow)
  • neniel (in no way, nohow)
  • (nonce) aliel (in another way, somehow else)

Franco-Provençal

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Pronoun

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-el f

  1. postpositive form of el

French

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Old French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -el (feminine -elle, masculine plural -els, feminine plural -elles)

    1. forms adjectives from nouns: -al

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Danish: -el
    • Dutch: -eel
      • Afrikaans: -eel
      • Indonesian: -il
    • German: -ell
    • Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
    • Swedish: -ell
    • Turkish: -sel
    • Yiddish: ־על (-el)

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    German

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    Etymology

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    From Middle High German -el, from Old High German -il, direct descendant of Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, or from dialectal variants of -lein, which as well ultimately go back to *-ilaz or to *-ilingaz.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -el n

    1. suffix in diminutives (regional)
      Kind (child) + ‎-el → ‎Kindel (little child, darling)
      Haus (house) + ‎-el → ‎Häusel (little house)
    2. suffix in nouns indicating appurtenance
      Arm (arm) + ‎-el → ‎Ärmel (sleeve)
      Eiche (oak) + ‎-el → ‎Eichel (acorn)
    3. suffix in agent and instrumental nouns
      Büttel, Meißel, Weisel

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • -el” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

    Hungarian

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    Etymology

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    From -e- +‎ -l.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -el

    1. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
      keres (to seek) + ‎-el → ‎keresel (you seek, you are seeking)
    2. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
      ebéd (lunch) + ‎-el → ‎ebédel (to eat lunch)
    3. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun. No longer productive in this role.
      lep (to cover) + ‎-el → ‎lepel (wrap)

    Usage notes

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    • (personal suffix) Variants:
      -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
      vár (to wait) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (you wait, you are waiting)
      -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
      hall (to hear) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (you hear, you are hearing)
      tanít (to teach) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (you teach, you are teaching)
      -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
      dönt (to decide) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (you decide, you are deciding)
      segít (to help) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (you help, you are helping)
      -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
      olvas (to read) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (you read, you are reading)
      -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
      vesz (to buy) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (you buy, you are buying)
      -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
      főz (to cook) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (you cook, you are cooking)
    • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
      -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. űü.
      -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

    Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.

    • (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
      -al is added to back-vowel words
      -el is added to front-vowel words

    Derived terms

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    See also

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    Low German

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    Etymology 1

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    From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

    Suffix

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    -el m

    1. Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.
      Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

    Etymology 2

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    From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

    Suffix

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    -el m

    1. A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).
    Derived terms
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    Middle English

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    Etymology 1

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    From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-ul, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -el

    1. Forms adjectives meaning "tending to" or "able to" from verbs.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    References
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    Etymology 2

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    From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -el

    1. Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
    2. Forms agent nouns from verbs or other nouns.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    References
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    Etymology 3

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    From Old French -el, -ele, from Latin -ālis and -ellus, -ella.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /-ˈɛːl(ə)/, /-ɛl(ə)/

    Suffix

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    -el

    1. Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 4

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    Suffix

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    -el

    1. Alternative form of -al

    Etymology 5

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    Suffix

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    -el

    1. Alternative form of -elen

    Norman

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    Etymology

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    From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

    Suffix

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    -el

    1. makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al

    Derived terms

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    Old English

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

    Suffix

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    -el

    1. Alternative form of -ol

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

    Alternative forms

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    Suffix

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    -el

    1. (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs
      crēopan (to creep) + ‎-el → ‎crypel (cripple)
      bēodan (to command) + ‎-el → ‎bydel (herald, messenger)
      spittan (to dig) + ‎-el → ‎spitel (shovel)
      hladan (to lade) + ‎-el → ‎hlædel (ladle)
      þrēapian (to reprove, reprehend) + ‎-el → ‎þrīpel (instrument of punishment, cross)
    Declension
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    Descendants
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    Old French

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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      Inherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis.

      Suffix

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      -el

      1. used to form an adjective
      Descendants
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      Etymology 2

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      From Latin -ellus.

      Suffix

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      -el

      1. used to form a diminutive
      Descendants
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      Polish

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      Etymology

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      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ɛl/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɛl
      • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

      Suffix

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      -el m

      1. forms masculine agent nouns
        śmierdzieć + ‎-el → ‎śmierdziel

      Declension

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      Masculine personal:

      Masculine animate:

      Masculine inanimate:

      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • -el in Polish dictionaries at PWN

      Romani

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      Suffix

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      -el

      1. Forms the third-person singular present indicative of consonantal oikoclitic verbs

      Romanian

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Latin -ellus.

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      -el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)

      1. used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. băiat (boy) + ‎-el → ‎băiețel (little boy)
        Synonyms: -uș, -aș, -uț, -șor

      Declension

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      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative-accusative -el -elul -ei -eii
      genitive-dative -el -elului -ei -eilor
      vocative -elule -eilor

      Derived terms

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      Turkish

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      preceding vowel
      A / I / O / U E / İ / Ö / Ü
      -al -el

      A variation of -il (derives deverbals and denominals), from Proto-Turkic *-il or Proto-Turkic *-gil. Both variants are likely merged with homophonic -il (derives adjectives for onomatopoeia and colors).
      See şırıltı (onomatopoeia for flowing water), kızıl (red) and yeşil (green).
      For words from using the same suffix, see güzel (beautiful), tombul (chubby), tükel (complete, perfect), kutsal (holy, sacred), çatal (fork) and çakıl (gravel).
      Perhaps influenced by French -al, whence -sel as in göksel or işitsel but not kutsal.[1]

      Suffix

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      -el

      1. Derives adjectives from nouns and verbs.
        özel (private, special) from öz (self)
      Derived terms
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      Etymology 2

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      preceding vowel
      A / I / O / U E / İ / Ö / Ü
      -al -el

      From Ottoman Turkish ـال (-al, -el) or ـل (-l), a combination of Proto-Turkic *-(g)a (verb-forming suffix) and *-il (passive suffix).[2][3]

      Suffix

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      -el

      1. Derives intransitive verbs from adjectives.
        ince (thin) + ‎-l → ‎(int.) incelmek (to thin)
        dar (narrow) + ‎-al → ‎(int.) daralmak (to narrow)
        çok (many, much) + ‎-al → ‎(int.) çoğalmak (to multiply)
        düz (straight) + ‎-el → ‎(int.) düzelmek (to straighten)
        kısa (short) + ‎-al → ‎(int.) kısalmak (to shorten)
        yön (direction) + ‎-el → ‎(int.) yönelmek (to face, to turn towards)
        diri (alive, not dead) + ‎-l → ‎(int.) dirilmek (to come alive, to come back to life)
      Derived terms
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      References

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      1. ^ Lewis, Geoffrey (1999) The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, page 102
      2. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+Al-" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
      3. ^ Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “-al”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 184

      Volapük

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      Suffix

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      -el

      1. Used to indicate a maker of a certain thing.

      Derived terms

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