-osus

See also: osus and ošus

Latin

Alternative forms

• -ossus (older form)
• -ōnsus (found in formōnsus, possibly the result of hypercorrection)

Etymology

Likely reflects a derivation *-h₃d-s-o- from Proto-Indo-European *h₃édos ~ *h₃édesos (“smell”), whence odor. Originally meaning “smelling like”, as evidenced possibly by hircōsus (“smelling like a goat”) and vinōsus (“fond of wine, *reeking of wine?”), it would have later generalised into “full of”. Compare related Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “smelling like; full of”) and Old Armenian -ոտ (-ot) which underwent the same semantic change.

Alternatively, a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts has also been proposed, through a form such as *-wont-to- by suffixiation of *-tós.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈoː.sus/, [ˈoːs̠ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.sus/, [ˈɔːs̬us]

Suffix

-ōsus (feminine -ōsa, neuter -ōsum); first/second-declension suffix

1. -ose, -ous; full of, overly, prone to. Used to form adjectives from nouns.

   ‎nervus (“sinew, energy”) + ‎-ōsus → ‎nervōsus (“nervous”)

   ‎racēmus (“cluster, bunch”) + ‎-ōsus → ‎racēmōsus (“racemose”)

   ‎ventus (“wind”) + ‎-ōsus → ‎ventōsus (“windy”)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ōsus	-ōsa	-ōsum		-ōsī	-ōsae	-ōsa
genitive	-ōsī	-ōsae	-ōsī		-ōsōrum	-ōsārum	-ōsōrum
dative	-ōsō	-ōsae	-ōsō		-ōsīs
accusative	-ōsum	-ōsam	-ōsum		-ōsōs	-ōsās	-ōsa
ablative	-ōsō	-ōsā	-ōsō		-ōsīs
vocative	-ōse	-ōsa	-ōsum		-ōsī	-ōsae	-ōsa

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -osus

Descendants

Descendants

• Aromanian: -os, -osu
• Asturian: -osu
• Catalan: -ós
• Franco-Provençal: -ox
• Old French: -us, -eus, -eux, -os, -ous
  • Middle French: -eux, -eulx
    • French: -eux, -ueux
      • → Danish: -øs
      • → Dutch: -eus
      • → German: -ös
      • → Norwegian: -øs
      • → Swedish: -ös
  • Norman: -eux
  • → Middle English: -ous, -os, -ose, -ouse, -ows, -owse, -us, -ws
    • English: -ous
• Friulian: -ôs
• Italian: -oso
• Occitan: -ós
• Old Galician-Portuguese: -oso
  • Galician: -oso
  • Portuguese: -oso
• Romanian: -os
• Sardinian: -osu, -ossu
• Sicilian: -usu
  • → Maltese: -uż
• Old Spanish: -oso
  • Spanish: -oso
• Venetan: -oxo, -óxo
• → Proto-Brythonic: *-ʉs
  • Breton: -us
  • Cornish: -us
  • Middle Welsh: -us
    • Welsh: -us
• → French: -ose
  • → English: -ose
  • → German: -os