Appendix:Finnish declension/risti
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Kotus type 5 (risti) | NSK type 4 (risti), 6 (banaali) and 7 (kalsium) |
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Two-syllable nominals ending with ⟨-i⟩; consonant gradation possible. Also words formed using the suffix -kki.
Partitive ending ⟨-a⟩/⟨-ä⟩ and genitive plural ending ⟨-en⟩. ⟨-i⟩ of stem changes to ⟨-e-⟩ before plural marker ⟨-i-⟩, except in genitive plural, where it is dropped.
Foreign words and loan words ending in a consonant are often declined following this type: the nominative singular has no ⟨-i⟩ ending, but the rest of the declension is as for an ⟨-i⟩ nominal, including the illative singular ⟨-iin⟩.
Basic declension without consonant gradation
[edit]Consonant gradation
[edit]Loan words generally do not undergo consonant gradation.
Summary
[edit]Gradation | Kotus | *A | *B | *C | *D | *E | *F | *G | *I | *J |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grade | kk → k | pp → p | tt → t | k → ∅ | p → v | t → d | nk → ng | lt → ll | nt → nn | |
nominative | strong | tukki | nuppi | niitti | laki | hupi | koti | vanki | pelti | tunti |
genitive | weak | tukin | nupin | niitin | lain | huvin | kodin | vangin | pellin | tunnin |
partitive | strong | tukkia | nuppia | niittia | lakia | hupia | kotia | vankia | peltiä | tuntia |
elative | weak | tukista | nupista | niitista | laista | huvista | kodista | vangista | pellistä | tunnista |
illative | strong | tukkiin | nuppiin | niittiin | lakiin | hupiin | kotiin | vankiin | peltiin | tuntiin |
Complete declension example with consonant gradation (t → d)
[edit]Inflection of koti (Kotus type 5*F/risti, t-d gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | koti | kodit | |
genitive | kodin | kotien | |
partitive | kotia | koteja | |
illative | kotiin | koteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | koti | kodit | |
accusative | nom. | koti | kodit |
gen. | kodin | ||
genitive | kodin | kotien | |
partitive | kotia | koteja | |
inessive | kodissa | kodeissa | |
elative | kodista | kodeista | |
illative | kotiin | koteihin | |
adessive | kodilla | kodeilla | |
ablative | kodilta | kodeilta | |
allative | kodille | kodeille | |
essive | kotina | koteina | |
translative | kodiksi | kodeiksi | |
abessive | koditta | kodeitta | |
instructive | — | kodein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of koti (Kotus type 5*F/risti, t-d gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Template
[edit]{{fi-decl-risti}}