Appendix:Proto-Indo-European extensions

List

Root	d/dʰ/t	g/gʰ/k, gʷ/kʷ, ǵʰ	bʰ/p	y/w	Other
*(s)tew-	*(s)tewd- (“push, hit”)	*(s)tewg- (“push, hit”), *(s)tewk- (“push, hit”)	*(s)tewp-	.	.
*ten- (“stretch, extend”)	*tend- (“stretch, extend”)	*tengʰ- (“pull back”)	.	.	*tens- (“stretch”), ?*tenh₂- (“stretch, extend”)
*(s)ker- (“cut off”)	*(s)kert-	.	*kerp- (“pluck, harvest”), *(s)kerb-	.	?*(s)kreybʰ- (“scratch, tear”)
*krey- (“sift, separate, divide”) / *kreh₁(y)-	.	.	.	*kreh₁(y)-	.
*gʰer- (“rub, stroke, grind, remove”)	.	.	.	*gʰrey- (“smear, paint, streak”)	*gʰrenHdʰ, *gʰrewd-
*deh₂- (“share, divide”)	.	.	*deh₂p- (“sacrifice, lose”)	*deh₂y- (“share, divide”)	.
*dʰeh₁(y)- (“suckle, nurse”)	.	.	.	*dʰeh₁(y)-	.
*(s)poH(y)- (“foam”)	.	.	.	*(s)poH(y)-	.
*pleh₃(w)- (“swim, flow”)	.	.	.	*pleh₃(w)-	.
*plew- (“fly, flow, run”)	*plewd- (“fly, flow, run”)	*plewk- (“fly, flow, run”)	.	.	.
*ḱel- (“cover”)	.	.	.	*ḱley- (“shelter, cover”)	.
*ser- (“flow”)	.	.	.	*srew- (“flow, stream”)	.
*sterh₃- (“spread, extend, stretch out”)	.	.	.	*strew- (“spread, strew”)	.
*h₃er-	*h₃erdʰ-	.	.	.	.
*h₂reh₁- (“think, reason; arrange”)	?*Hreh₁dʰ- (“think, arrange, succeed”)	.	.	*h₂rey- (“count (out), arrange”)	*h₂rey-dʰ-
*skey- (“split, dissect”)	*skeyd- (“split, divide”)	.	.	.	.
*temh₁- (“cut”)	*tend- (“split, cut off”)	.	.	.	.
*werh₁- (“speak, say”)	*werdʰh₁om (“word”)	.	.	.	.
*welh₁-	ἔλδομαι (éldomai) *volděti *waldaną	.	ἔλπω (élpō), volup	.	.
*h₂eys- (“wish, request, search”)	*h₂eysd- (“laud, honor”)	.	.	.	.
*leh₁- (“soft, calm; lazy, slow”)	*leh₁d- (“be tired”)	.	.	.	.
*ǵʰew- (“pour”)	*ǵʰewd- (“pour”)	.	.	.	.
*kʷey- (“pay, avenge”)	*kʷeyt- (“notice”)	.	.	.	.
*(s)kewH- (“cover, conceal, hide”)	*(s)kewdʰ-	.	.	.	.
?*mey-	.	*h₂meygʷ-	.	.	.
*terh₁- (“rub, turn”)	.	*terkʷ (“turn, spin”)	.	.	.
*der-	.	*derHgʰ- (“tug, stretch; pluck”)	.	.	.
*bʰel- (“blow, swell up”)	.	*bʰelǵʰ- (“swell”)	.	.	.
?*(s)ley- (“slip, slide, glide; slimy”)	.	.	*leyp- (“stick, sticky”)	.	.
?*dʰer-/?*sterh₁-	.	.	*sterbʰ	.	.
*dʰer- (“support, hold”)	.	.	.	.	*dʰers- (“be bold, dare”)

Unsorted

• *Hrew-
• *pel-
• *pleh₁-
• *melh₂-
• *ḱlew-
• *peh₂-
• ? *bʰredʰ- (“wade”)
  • *bʰerH- (“pierce, strike”)
  • *per- (“go through; fare, carry forth”) (*pértus): Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “pierce, run through”)

See also

• Category:Proto-Indo-European verb-forming suffixes

d/dʰ/t:

• *-dʰh₁-mó-s: Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós), ἀρθμός (arthmós), σταθμός (stathmós), ῥυθμός (rhuthmós), κλαυθμός (klauthmós)
• *dʰeh₁- (“do, put, place”, perf.)
  • *misdʰós, *h₁weydʰh₁-
  • *-dʰh₁eti: *pléh₁dʰh₁eti, *(s)kérdʰh₁eti, *ḱréddʰh₁eti, *kh₂eyd-, *gʰleh₂dʰ-, *(s)pend-, ?*meHndʰ- : *men-
• *deh₃- (“give”, perf.)
• *steh₂- (“stand”, stand)

g/gʰ/k, gʷ/kʷ, ǵʰ:

• *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“grab, take”)
• *kap- (“seize, hold”)
• *gʰredʰ- (“walk, go”)
• *ǵʰengʰ- (“walk, step”)
• *ǵʰeh₁- (“go, walk”)
• *gʷem- / *gʷeh₂- (“step, go, stand”)
• *kʷel-
• *h₃ekʷ- (“see, eye”)
• *sekʷ- (“follow”, impf)
• *sek- (“cut (off), sever”)
• *-sḱéti (“durative, iterative”, impf)

bʰ/p:

• *bʰuH- (“grow, become”, perf.), *bʰúHt (“become”, perf.)
  • *pro-bʰHú-s: Sanskrit प्रभु (prabhu)
  • *pro-bʰH-wó-s: Latin probus
  • *swe-bʰuH-: Proto-Slavic *svoboda, Proto-Germanic *swēbaz

y/w:

• *-éyti (“aktionsart”): *tḱey- (< *teḱ-), *dʰgʷʰey- (< *dʰegʷʰ-)
• *h₁ey- (“go”, impf)
• *yeh₂- (“go; go in, enter; ride, travel”, impf)

Other:

• *-seti: *h₂lékseti
• *-h₂ti (“factive”): *néweh₂ti
• *-né- (“transitive”, impf.)
• *-néwti (“transitive”, impf.)